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Introduction To Ancient Coin Collecting

This document provides an introduction to ancient coin collecting. It discusses what coins are, including their typical round or flat shape, and that they are usually made of metal and have words or symbols. It outlines the time periods of Greek, Roman, and other ancient coinage traditions. It addresses why people collect ancient coins, including to learn history and potentially as an investment. However, it notes coins can also be inexpensive. The document discusses where coins are found, such as in hoards, shipwrecks, or through metal detecting. It touches on coin grading, fakes, and the value associated with a coin's pedigree or provenance. In closing, it situates the study of ancient numismatics among other related fields

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
609 views21 pages

Introduction To Ancient Coin Collecting

This document provides an introduction to ancient coin collecting. It discusses what coins are, including their typical round or flat shape, and that they are usually made of metal and have words or symbols. It outlines the time periods of Greek, Roman, and other ancient coinage traditions. It addresses why people collect ancient coins, including to learn history and potentially as an investment. However, it notes coins can also be inexpensive. The document discusses where coins are found, such as in hoards, shipwrecks, or through metal detecting. It touches on coin grading, fakes, and the value associated with a coin's pedigree or provenance. In closing, it situates the study of ancient numismatics among other related fields

Uploaded by

chrys
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to ancient

coin collecting

Mike Markowitz
Ancient Numismatic
Society of Washington

What is a coin? 

Round (mostly)  Government 
Issued 
Flat (mostly) 

You Can 
Metal (mostly) 
Save It 
store of value
Words & Symbols 
(usually)  You Can 
Spend It 
Convenient size  medium of exchange
(usually) 


COINS ARE CONSERVATIVE 
An ancient Greek or Roman would find these symbols 
completely understandable: 
Torch 

Olive Twig 
DIANA
LUCIFERA

OLEA

QUERCUS
Oak leaves 

Greek, roman, “other” 

“Greek” in numismaIcs includes speakers of 
SemiIc, CelIc, Armenian and non‐IndoEuropean 
languages like Etruscan c.650 BC – 250 AD 
“Roman” Republic, Imperatorial, Empire and 
successors c.300 BC – 500+ AD 
“Others” Persia, Central Asia, Arabia, Ethiopia, 
India… 
China is a different coinage tradiIon, and a story for another day, and another teller… 

c700 AD we say “Medieval” and “Islamic”,  rather 
than “Ancient”  

Greek, roman, “other” 
600  500  400  300  200  100  1  100  200  300  400  500 
Classical
Archaic
Hellenistic
Imperial GREEK

Imp
era
ROMAN REPUBLIC EMPIRE BYZ

tor
i
al
ALE
XAN

Persian Parthian  Sasanian 


Achaemenid 
DER

CELTIC

Maha  Indo‐Greek  Kushan  Gupta 


Indian
Janapada 
BC  AD 

Why collect ancients? 
•  To hold history in your hand 
•  To learn and share knowledge 
•  As an investment?  
 – but don’t count on it 
Reddite igitur quae
sunt Caesaris Caesari
et quae sunt Dei Deo
MARK, 12:17 

Denarius of Tiberius  14‐37 AD  


Aren’t they really costly? 
•  Well, Yes and No 
•  $5 “junk box” coins may be just as interesIng 
and collecIble as $2 million aucIon stars 
•  Advice? Buy fewer beFer coins 

Copper half‐follis of JusIn II 
The worst coin I could find in my collecHon  Current “record holder” 
Thessalonika mint c574‐5  Silver dekadrachm of Akragas 
Sear 366, DO 78  409‐406 BC 42.4 g 
Paid less than $5  NAC aucIon Oct 2012 ‐ $2,477,000. 


What were they worth? 
Smallest bronze (coppers) =  
loaf of bread 

Quadrans of DomiIan 88 AD.  2.65g 
 
Small silver =  
day’s pay for laborer 
Drachma, Athens 454‐404 BC 4.25g 

Smallest gold =   
sheep, pig or cow 

Tremissis of Zeno, 474‐491 AD. 1.4g 

Most ancient people didn’t live in a cash economy! 

Where do they come from? 
Hoards: (not “Hordes”)  Hoxne Hoard 
Found November 1992, Suffolk, UK – Deposited aoer 407 AD ‐ 14,865 
Roman gold, silver and bronze coins ‐ 200 other objects ‐ BriIsh Museum 

Sea Salvage:  Yassi Ada shipwreck (lost c.626 AD, 
found 1961‐64) 
“Sixteen gold and some 50 copper coins recovered from the 
wreck had all been kept within the main storage locker…” 
Coenwulf of Mercia (796 – 821) 
Casual Finds:  Gold mancus 4.25g 
“found beside the River Ivel in Bedfordshire, England 
by an amateur metal detectorist in 2001.” 

Old CollecEons: 
John  
Isabella d'Este  Quincy  Archer M. 
Marchesa of Mantua  Adams  HunIngton 
1474‐1539   1767‐1848  1870‐1955 


Shouldn’t they all be
in Museums? 
•  Most museums dislike coins 
 BriHsh Museum is an excepHon  De‐accessioned! 
MACEDON. Neapolis (c.
•  Because coins are:  411‐356 B.C.), Silver 
Drachm, 3.78g 
‐ Small  ex‐Boston Museum of 
Fine Arts 
‐ Two‐sided (mostly) 
‐ Security headache (if valuable) 
 
NaHonal NumismaHc CollecHon (Smithsonian American History Museum)  
has 450 thousand coins that belong to the American people.  
About three hundred are on display. 

10 
Aren’t there a lot of fakes? 
•  Yes, but most are not dangerous 
•  … some are even collecHble 
Ancient Counterfeits ‐ Tourist souvenirs – Fantasies – “Modern DecepIves” 
Fourée Semissis of Theodosius II. (RIC 210), struck 
408‐420. 2.12g ‐ base metal core has  high lead 
content. Blundered reverse lerering  

Carl Willhelm Becker, Counterfeiter 
(1772‐1837). White metal. Type of  
Tetradrachm of  Akragas, Sicily.  
Sold for $420 (September 2012) 
Real one sold for $2,477,000 (October 2012) 
Paduan, type of Tiberius, work of Giovanni da 
Cavino (1500‐1570), AE, (g 22,26, mm 35, h 6). 
Rv. Emperor seated. Klawans 5.Extremely fine. 
(No original ‐ Obverse and Reverse are based 
on different real coins) 
11 
Grading ancients 
Sheldon  TradiEonal  NGC Slabbed 
(American Coinage)  Ancient  Ancient 
60 – 70 Mint State  FDC  Surface: 1‐5 
50 – 58 About Uncirculated  Mint State  Strike: 1‐5 
40 – 45 Extra Fine  Extremely Fine  Style: “Fine” or not  
20 – 35 Very Fine  Very Fine   
12 – 15 Fine  Fine 
8 – 10 Very Good  Good 
4 – 6 Good  
 
Almost all ancient coins have been ‘cleaned’ unless they are sHll covered in dirt. 
 
Nice ones have oVen been chemically treated. 
 
Good means “Bad”  FDC = Fleur de coin 
Fine means “Nasty‐looking”  As good as they get 
Very Fine means “You can tell what it is, in good light” 
Extremely Fine means “You can’t afford it” 
MS means “Nobody can afford it”  Probus. 276‐282 AD. Aureus, FDC 6.15g 

12 
PEDIGREE 
Like dogs,  
the beFer the pedigree,  
the higher the price 

Obv: BRVT IMP L PLAET CEST Head of Brutus r. Rx: EID MAR Liberty cap and two daggers. 
Nearly extremely fine / Extremely fine.  
From the Rubicon CollecIon. Ex NAC 29 (11 May 2005). Ex Peter Weller CollecIon 
(AnIqua Fixed Price List VIII, Summer 2000). Ex Nelson Bunker Hunt CollecIon Part I 
(Sotheby's, June 1990), acquired by private treaty from the Sy Weintraub CollecIon. Ex 
Hall Park McCollough CollecIon (Stack's November 1967). Ex Woodward CollecIon 
(Naville‐Ars Classica XV, 1930).  
Also published in the Hunt exhibiIon catalogue, Wealth of the Ancient World, no. 119.  
purchased for about $90K in 1990 
Sold for $475K on 7 Sept 2011 
About 75 specimens exist, this is one of the best, despite being off‐center 

13 
“Buy the book before
you buy the coin” 

14 
WHERE WE FIT 
Archaeology
History
Art History
Economics

Ancient
Metrology
Numismatics
Study of Weights Metallurgy
& Measures

Study of Study
Palaeography
Ancient Epigraphy Sigillography of Seals
Writing

Study of Inscriptions
15 
The Future 
•  Encapsulated (“Slabbed”) Coins 
•  Early Islamic & Ancient Indian  
•  LaIn in High Schools 
 

“Standing Caliph” dinar   Ashmaka Janapada 
Abd al‐Malik (reigned AD 685‐705)    (c.4th‐3rd century BC) 
Damascus 694‐695 AD   Silver Half‐Karshapana, 1.55g 
One of the great Islamic rariEes  Sold for $276 
ANS 1970.63.1 
  16 
There
Are no
Dumb
QUESTIONS

17 
Finding other collectors 
American NumismaIc Society 
New York City 
www.numisma/cs.org 
 
Ancient NumismaIc Society of Washington, DC 
Mike Markowitz, First Consul 
[email protected] 
 
Local Coin Shows: 
BalImore  
hrp://expo.whitman.com/ 
 
Vienna, VA 
Quarterly 
hrp://www.stampshows.com/vienna_nvcc.html 
 

18 
1  ISSUING AUTHORITY 
ATTRIBUTION  2  RULER 
3  DATES 
4  METAL (Æ, AR, AV, EL) 
5  DENOMINATION 
6  SIZE, WEIGHT, DIE AXIS 
7  MINT 
8  OBVERSE DESCRIPTION 
9  REVERSE DESCRIPTION 
10 REFERENCES 
11 GRADE 
1  2  3  4  5  6 
BYZANTINE EMPIRE. Anastasius I. 491-518. AV Tremissis (17mm, 1.43 g, 6h).
7 Constantinople mint.8 Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Victory 9 
advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; star to right; CONOB.
DOC 10a; MIBE 12; SB 8. VF.
10  11 
DOC = Dumbarton Oaks Catalog (5 vols. Washington. 1966-2006)
MIBE = Hahn & Mettlich, Money of the Incipent Byzantine Empire. Vienna. 2000
SB = Sear, Byzantine Coins and Their Values. 1996

19 
Geography of Ancient Coin Market

London from Dubai

Munich
Zurich
ROMANIA

BULGARIA

SPAIN TURKEY
ITALY SYRIA IRAQ
GREECE

Major Source Country 
Source Country 

20 
Bibliography 
BERK, Harlan, 100 Greatest Ancient Coins. Whitman. 2010
BELLINGER, GRIERSON, and HENDY. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection
and in the Whittemore Collection, 5 vols. (Washington, 1966-99) cited as “DOC”
HARL, Kenneth , Coinage in the Roman Economy, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore and London 1996
HENDIN, David, Guide to Biblical Coins, 5th ed. Amphora. 2010
HOWGEGO, Christopher. Ancient History from Coins. Routledge. 1995
JENKINS, G. Kenneth, Ancient Greek Coins London 1974, reissued 1990.
KRAAY, Colin M., Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and London, 1976)
KLAWANS, Zander. Handbook of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins. Whitman 1994
MATTINGLY, Harold et al., Roman Imperial Coinage (10 vols. London, 1923-1994). Cited as RIC
SAYLES, Wayne, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. I. Krause. 2003
--------------------, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. II. Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Krause. 1997
-------------------, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. III. The Roman World. Krause. 1997
-------------------, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. IV. Roman Provincial Coins. Krause. 1998
-------------------, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. V. The Romaion/Byzantine Culture. Krause. 1998
-------------------, Ancient Coin Collecting, v. VI. Non-Classical Cultures. Krause. 1999
-------------------, Classical Deception: Counterfeits, Forgeries and Reproductions of Ancient Coins, Krause. 2001
SEAR, David R, Greek Coins and their values, Vol. 1 and 2, Seaby, 1978/79
-------------------, Roman Coins and their values, 4 vols, Seaby, 1978 - 2010
SEAR & KING, Roman Silver Coins, Vol. I to V, Seaby, 1979-82 cited as RSC
SELTMAN, Charles T., Greek Coins, 2nd ed. London, 1955.
VAGI, David, Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. 2 vol. Routledge 2001

21 

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