C3 carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis,
along with C4 and CAM. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon
sugar) into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:
CO2 + H2O + RuBP → (2) 3-phosphoglycerate
This reaction was first discovered by Melvin Calvin, Andrew Benson and James Bassham in 1950.[1] C3 carbon
fixation occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin–Benson cycle. (In C4 and CAM plants, carbon dioxide
is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air.)