Dental Informatics  Develop core literature that can be made

available worldwide
Unit 1: Foundational Information in Health  Train specialists in a manner that is more
Informatics uniform across the world
 Help dentists and other specialists make
Introduction to Health Informatics informed choices

 Informatics harnesses the power and Electronic Health Records

possibility of digital technology to transform
data and information into knowledge that IT in HEALTHCARE TODAY
people use every day. This strong focus on
the human use of computing helps people to Tele—intensive care units (ICUs)
interact with technology in the best and most  Patients in ICUs in more remote
efficient way possible. geographical areas are monitored by
experienced ICU nurses and physicians
 Informatics is the science of how to use using telehealth technology.
data, information and knowledge to improve
human health and the delivery of health care Robotics
services.
Behavioral health at—a—distance
Health Informatics is defined as an interdisciplinary  The U.S, Army has a telehealth network that
professional specialty and scientific discipline that spans 50 countries. Behavioral health
integrates the health sciences, computer science, telehealth makes up 55% of their services,
and information science as well as a number of followed by cardiology and dermatology. *
other analytic sciences, with the goal of managing
and communicating data, information, knowledge Sensors.
and wisdom in the provision of healthcare for  Sensors in long—term care settings can help
individuals, families, groups, and communities. monitor residents' health status, detect
emergency situations, and contact health
Biomedical and health informatics applies providers. * In the future, clinicians may
principles of computer and information science to monitor patients with wearable sensors, such
the advancement of life sciences research, health as clothing, after discharge
professions education, care.
Healthcare for islanders.
Dental informatics  People living on four islands off the coast of
 is a fast-emerging area of dental science, Maine have no available healthcare
with an increasing number of applications providers. A 72—foot boat beams health
and tools that could help dental clinical services via live video conferencing with a
practice. nurse.

Dental informatics involves the use of computers Four (4) Primary Areas of Dental Informatics
and information technology to: 1. Computer science
 Improve dental practice 2. Information science
 Improve research in dental sciences 3. Cognitive science
 Improve management in dental healthcare 4. Telecommunications
 Improve educational programs in dental
sciences
 o Cognitive science is the study of how
Four Primary Areas of Dental Informatics the mind works, functions, and
1. Computer science behaves. As a scientific field of
o Computer Science is the study of study, cognitive science requires
computers and computational applying multiple existing
systems. Unlike electrical and disciplines such as philosophy,
computer engineers, computer neuroscience, or artificial
scientists deal mostly with software intelligence in order to understand
and software systems; this includes how the brain makes a decision or
their theory, design, development, performs a task. Cognitive science
and application. seeks to understand intelligence and
o Created to research & dev’t, data behavior which can help humans in
driven. Systems for dentistry or tools many ways such as developing
or innovative gadgets educational programs or building
o Any dental tool or machine that uses smarter devices.
computer or chip o Correlate the design that would make
things efficient and effective.
2. Information science o Innovation of dental chair
o "Information science is that o Nagbago overtime maybe to give
discipline that investigates the comfort, easy usage etc
properties and behavior of
information, the forces governing the 4. Télécommunications
flow of information, and the means o means of electronic transmission of
of processing information for information over distances. The
optimum accessibility and usability. information may be in the form of
It is concerned with the body of voice telephone calls, data, text,
knowledge relating to the images, or video. Today,
origination, collection, organization, telecommunications are used to
storage, retrieval, interpretation, organize more or less remote
transmission, and utilization of computer systems into
information." (Borko, H. (1968). telecommunications networks. These
Information science: What is it? networks themselves are run by
American Documentation, 19, 3.) computers.
o Data and information but more of o Example would be mobile app
how you process it. related to dentistry
o This is the area of conversion where
you convert the data to knowledge
and to decision making and research
& dev’t
o Find a research or tool that collects
data, organizes data or stores data for
dentistry
o Find system or app of the dentist on
how do they record the patients data

3. Cognitive science
 and consulted by authorized clinicians and
staff across more than one healthcare
organization.

Unit 2: Electronic Health Records

Abstract
 The electronic health record (EHR) is one of
the most significant innovations introduced
in healthcare over the past several decades,
Today almost all healthcare providers are
using computerization to share patient data
and information across facilities locally,
nationally and, eventually, internationally,
Although there is concern about how to
establish a nationwide interoperable system, EMR – Electronic Medical Record
and many issues still need to be resolved Just one organization
related to EHR implementation and One health care provider
adoption, the long—term benefits to Real life situation = one hospital
organizations, healthcare providers, patients, Function may be a dept (ex. Nursing
and consumers cannot be ignored. This dept/billing/pharmacy)
chapter explores the evolving nature of the They are sharing data
EHR to include essential components and For only one unit
functions, how these components are used in
the clinical setting, and the benefits related EHR
to cost, access, quality, safety, and Not functions but Organizations around EHR
efficiency of care, A discussion of key Diff organizations interconnected in one system
issues that influence the implementation and Organizations could be like bureau, philhealth, etc
adoption of these systems and future Interoperability happens
directions concludes this chapter, In the Multiple organizations being linked together to
future, the electronic health record (EHR) share information
will play a pivotal role in personalized
medicine as a medium for data, information, If all hospitals have digital data and sharing their
knowledge and wisdom exchange, and information to one another
exploration.
Summary of the EHR Essential Components and
Electronic Medical Record Versus Electronic Functions for Care Delivery
Health Record

EMR
 an electronic version of the traditional
record used by the healthcare provider.

EHR
 An electronic record of health—related
information on an individual that conforms
to nationally recognized interoperability
standards and that can be created, managed,
 1. DATA ENTRY
•PAPAANO NAKAKAPAG ENTER NG DATA
SA SYSTEM
•IS IT THROUGH MANUAL, CODES OR QR
The Institute of Medicine's Key Attributes of an CODES
Electronic Health Record
1. Provides active and inactive problem lists
for each encounter that link to orders and
results; meets documentation and coding
standards. 2. ALERTING
2. Incorporates accepted measures to support •HOW SYSTEM ALERT THE USERS
health status and functional levels. •USERS IN TERMS OF ASSISTANT OR
3. Ability to document clinical decision PATIENT
information; automates, tracks, and shares •DOES IT SEND AUTOMATIC TEXT?
clinical decision process/rationale with other •DOES IT GENERATE EMAIL
caregivers. •DOES IT ALERT APPOINTMENTS
4. Provides longitudinal and timely linkages •FEATURE PF SYSTEM THAT ALERTS THE
with other pertinent records. USERS
5. Guarantees confidentiality, privacy, and
audit trails. 3. INTRAOPERABILITY
6. Provides continuous authorized user access. •INTEROPERATION
7. Supports simultaneous user views. •OPERATE IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
8. Access to local and remote information. •WE CAN INTEROPERATE LIKE
9. Facilitates clinical problem solving. COLLABORATIONS
10. Supports direct entry by physicians. •IS THE SYSTEM WHAT FUNCTION COULD
11. Cost measuring/quality assurance. IT CATER
12. Supports existing/evolving clinical specialty •NAHAHANDLE BA PATIENTS RECORD,
needs. WORKFLOW
•WHAT ARE HANDLE FACTORS
•FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM
7 Usability and Safety Challenge, Definitions, •FINANCE
Clinical Examples •SCHEDULE OF DENTIST AND DOCTOR
(COLLABORATIONS)

4.
•SAAN PLATFORM OF MEDIUM PWEDE
IACCESS AND EHR OR EMR
•IS IT WEB BASE OR COMPUTER LANG OR stay in business. Numerous studies focusing on
DOES IT HAVE MOBILE APP direct cost savings related to EHR use reported a
•IS IT READABLE? positive financial return on investment for the
•IS IT ACCESS TO WHAT U NEED healthcare organization.*** Other cost benefits
•ICONS APPROPRIATE FOR ITS FUNCTION include increased productivity, efficiency in billing,
improved reimbursement rates, improved
5. RELY SA 4 verification of coverage, faster turnaround for
•IS IT COMPLETE? accounts, lower medical record costs, support for
•IS IT ACCURATE? pay—tor—performance bonuses, and enhanced
•IS IT REALTIME? regulatory requirement compliance."*** Benefits to
patient care were also seen related to lower costs
6. associated with disease management and decreased
OVERALL PROCESS length of stay.
EX: SCHEDULING
THE SYSTEM CAN AUTOMATICALLY  Access
DETECT THE APPOINTMENT SO THAT IT An EHR provides better and faster access to patient
CANNOT BE SCHED DIFFERENTLY care information. Looking for paper charts that
FINANTIAL OF CLINIC LIKE MATERIALS mysteriously disappear from the nurses® station or
ETC waiting for medical records to retrieve an old record
DENTAL SUPPLIES THRESHOLD NEED are events of the past. An EHR allows simultaneous
NOTIFY WHEN NEED TO REORDER DENTAL access to patient records and restricts users‘ access
SUPPLIES to only the information that they are permitted to
NEAR TO EXPIRATION view.

7. 1-6  Quality, Safety, and Efficiency of Care

HOW DOES IT IMPACT OVERALL IN YOUR Delivery
CLINIC CYCLE One of the main reasons to adopt an EHR is the
potential to improve the quality, safety, and
efficiency of care delivery. Quality is an ambiguous
Sociotechnical perspectives term that has a variety of meanings. Quality as
 the design, implementation, and adoption of it relates to EHR technology is fostered through
EHR systems has received a great deal of better management of health information and
attention as a method to reduce medical improved data integrity. This may take the form of
errors, increase patient safety, and improve providing data that are readable, organized,
the quality of care. The underlying accurate, and complete. Quality could also refer to
assumption is that an EHR will save time, increased staff and patient satisfaction, improved
provide real—time access to patient care coordination, and support for benchmarking.
information at the point of care, facilitate the Safety and efficiency are much easier
work of the clinician, provide decision to quantify, Reducing medication errors has bean a
support capabilities, support clinical care major focus this implementation. Systems that
and research, and improve quality and safety support clinical decision making and provide early
of care. warnings of changes in
patient status can be used to avert medical errors,
Electronic health record benefits Diagnosis and treatment options can be explored
using decision support technology, Clinical and
 Cost operational efficiencies in communication,
Cost savings is always a big motivator, especially if workflow, documentation, and administrative
a healthcare provider or institution wants to functions are reported benefits of EHR adoption.
 The EHR provides several benefits for insurance
Stakeholder Perspectives companies through better disease management
 Consumers And supporting Of services. requirements are
Healthcare consumers or patients have a unique supported and can be submitted in a timely manner.
vantage point for evaluating the effect of EHRs. Claims that are incorrectly coded or that lack coding
They see multiple providers in a variety of settings standards can confuse Systems that integrate patient
and recognize gaps in care coordination. They often data with coding and billing structures can provide
provide the same information repeatedly and are data to control costs and manage expensive
aware of tests being duplicated because the results procedures.
were lost or inaccessible, They notice when
individual arrangements must be made to hand  State and National Governments
carry a CD—ROM or paper record from one setting A major challenge is how to support the sharing of
to another. patient data across multiple organizations, requiring
a nationwide technology infrastructure and
 Nurses communication standards, such as standardized
Nurses constitute one of the largest groups of users nomenclatures, vocabularies, and coding structures
of the EHR, and their perspective is critical to
the successful integration of current and future
technology. There are mixed reviews on user
satisfaction related to individual systems, but nurses
must, in most cases, embrace the EHR as a
way to enhance consistency and quality of care.

 Healthcare Providers
 In a recent study of EHR use in primary care
practices, physicians and staff reported increased
efficiencies related to billing and care coordination,
access to current and past medical records,
storing of patient information, and overall office
operations.

 Healthcare Organizations
A current question tor healthcare organization is
how to stay financially viable in a healthcare
environment determined to control escalating
healthcare costs.
For the healthcare executive, implementing EHR
systems has the potential to improve operational
efficiency, strengthen communication throughout
the medical record security and storage, improve
care coordination, enhance the quality of care, and
Healthcare executives and leaders must look at
leveraging this technology not only to control costs
but also to improve the quality of care.

 Insurance Payers
 telehealth is the use of electronic
information and telecommunications
technologies to support long—distance
clinical health care, patient and professional
health—related education, public health, and
health administration.

Unit 4: Telehealth and Applications for Delivering 9 Key Success Metrics for Telehealth Services
Care at a Distance
1. Consultation Time
Rapid advances in technology development and These operations metric measures how fast
telehealth adoption are opening newopportunities healthcare providers are able to respond to each
for healthcare providers to leverage technology for consultation request. The faster it is, the higher you
improved patientoutcomes. Telehealth provides save in time. You can benchmark the time between
access to care and the ability to export clinical a consultation request and the doctor’s response
expertiseto care for patients regardless of their compared to how it would have been done in
geographic location. This chapter presentstelehealth person. It’s important for the time to be faster and
technologies and programs, as well as telehealth shorter, but without compromising the quality care
practice considerationssuch as licensure and provided.
malpractice challenges. As telshealth advances,
healthcareproviders will require competencies and Needs to remove or give action. Consultation time
knowledge to incorporate safe and effectiveclinical should w/out compromising the quality care.
practice using telehealth technologies into their Ask question like is the consultation fast? How long
daily workflow.Growth in telehealth could result in you wait before your turn?
a future where access to health care is not limited
bygeographic region, time, or availability of skilled 2. Accuracy of Diagnoses
health care professional As indicated earlier, a faster response rate should
not come at the expense of an accurate and
Telehealth thorough diagnosis. Provide your healthcare staff
 Telehealth encompasses a broad definition with an efficient platform that’s easy to operate,
of telecommunications and information access, and allows them to be present when
technology—enabled healthcare services communicating with the patient.
and technologies, Often used
interchangeably with the terms telemedicine, It the consultation complete? Are there lacking? Is it
eHealth, or mHealth (mobile health), hard to talk with the doctor? Telehealth app or
website depends what you should avail. Is it easy to
operate? Is it accessible? As a user, are you still going to avail their service?
Maybe you’re a one time user because you didn’t
3. Rate of Readmission like the service.
If your company includes remote patient tracking, Doctors should have retention.
your service can respond immediately when You as the patient then doctor on the other. The
intervention is necessary. From this, you can use the connection (third party) is the app.
readmission rate to measure how the remote Sometimes, hospital provide and don’t need a third
monitoring is able to prevent further injury, party app.
infection, and other problems

Information should be ready or save. 6. Time and Travel Saved for Doctors
Patients aren’t the only ones who want to avoid
traveling distances. Your telemedicine’s
effectiveness is also measured by your doctor’s
efficiency. Since they see patients at home, then
they gain more time from not having to drive or
travel to the hospital or clinic. See if there has been
an increase in patient consultations compared to in-
house ones.
4. Quality of Service & Technology 7. Treatment Plan Adherence
To effectively execute telemedicine, you need tools Patients recovering after a surgery or suffer from
that will make the process convenient for all chronic conditions can be given remote patient
involves parties. Before anything else, the quality of monitoring platforms to assist them in their
service and technology has to be measured and treatment plans. The monitoring system can provide
achieve the highest score possible. You cannot them all the necessary information, such as
provide effective consultations without the right reminders and checklists they can easily refer to.
connections. At the same time, your clinic’s Access to the device allows you to track and
reputation will depend on how services are measure the patient’s adherence to the treatment
rendered. The staff should be well-versed in the plan.
technology and know how to utilize it such that the
patient doesn’t feel the need to visit a hospital. Your Are there follow-ups? Follow up reminders? Are
company can maximize technology through enough they sending email or call or text after the service?
C-level support and the buy-in of your physicians.
8. Referrals
How was the quality of the telehealth that you’d Your online platform can also lead patients to use
avail? your company’s other in-network services. Take a
look at the platform’s effectiveness in leading
5. Patient and Clinician Retention patients to avail of other telehealth services they
This metric is particularly crucial for telehealth may or may not be looking for. This is also a good
services targeting rural communities. You want to measure of additional revenue and overall brand
target and sustain the market that will benefit the loyalty.
most from telemedicine. It goes two ways, as you
also need to ensure all clinicians stay on board to Either is it personally refer the telehealth service to
help establish brand loyalty among the community. other people and why? Are ypu suggesting or
If you’re an urban-based hospital or clinic, you can recommending the service? Are you gonna avail
look at the travel time or distance that patients save again for another service?
with your telehealth services.
 9. Current Patient Retention
The convenience and accessibility of telemedicine
can encourage patients to return when needed.
Unlike physical, hospital visit healthcare, telehealth
services are in real time and remove all
inconveniences connected with a regular, traditional
visit. Measure how your patient retention rates
increase after they have availed of telemedicine.

Labrique’s Taxonomy of 12 mHealth Application

1. Client education and behavior change
communication (BCC)
2. Sensors and point-of-care diagnostics
3. Registries/vital events tracking
4. Data collection and reporting
Unit 5: The Intersection of Mobile Technology and
5. Electronic health records
Health
6. Electronic decision support
7. Provider-to-provider communication (User
mHealth (Mobile Health)
groups, consultation)
 Mobile health, commonly referred to as
8. Provider work planning and scheduling
mHealth, and more recently as "connected
9. Provider training and education
health," is described as a catalyst for
10. Human resource management
healthcare change.
11. Supply chain management
 Widespread recognition exists form Health 12. Financial transactions and incentives
technologies' potential to address and
overcome disparities in health services Common mHealth and ICT Examples of Mobile Phone
access, health inequities, shortage of Applications Functions
1. Client education and - Short Message Service (SMS)
healthcare providers, and high costs for behavior change - Multimedia Messaging
healthcare communication (BCC) Service (MMS)
- Interactive Voice Response
 mHealth falls under the umbrella of eHealth (IVR)
or the broad use of information and - Voice Communication/Audio
communication technologies (ICT) to clips
- Video clips
support health and health-related fields. - Images
 One thing is clear-the focus of mHealth is on
2. Sensors and point-of-care - Mobile phone camera
taking advantage of a ubiquitous tool carried diagnostics - Tethered accessory sensors,
and used by most people in their daily lives. devices
- Built-in accelerator
 The rapid proliferation of mobile
technologies and recognition of their 3. Registries/vital events - Short Message Service (SMS)
inherent potential for improving health has tracking - Voice communication
- Digital forms
resulted in major reports and global surveys,
dedicated conferences and journals, and 4. Data collection and reporting - Short Message Service (SMS)
centers of expertise focused on the field of - Digital forms
- Voice Communication
mHealth.
 More functional advanced level
5. Electronic health records - Digital forms
- Mobile web (WAP/GPRS)
 smartphones combine features of a personal
computer operating system with other
6. Electronic decision support - Mobile web (WAP/GPRS) features useful for mobile or handheld use.
- Stored information “apps”
 More complex functionalities include
7. Provider-to-provider - Short Message Service (SMS) general packet radio service (GPRS), third-
communication (User groups, - Multimedia Messaging and fourth-generation mobile
consultation) Service (MMS)
- Mobile phone camera telecommunications (3G and 4G systems),
global positioning systems (GPS), and
8. Provider work planning and - Interactive electronic client Bluetooth technology.
scheduling lists
- Short Message Service (SMS)  Additional smartphone tools include
alerts cameras, calendars, mobile applications
- Mobile phone calendar
(apps), multimedia messaging with pictures
9. Provider training and - Short Message Service (SMS) or video, gaming, educational tools, mobile
education - Multimedia Messaging internet access, and wearable devices and
Service (MMS)
- Interactive Voice Response sensors.
(IVR)
- Voice communication
- Audio or video clips, images

10. Human resource - Web-based performance

management dashboards
- Global positioning service
(GPS) Driving forces of mobile health
- Voice communication
- Short Message Service (SMS)  Technology
o Access
11. Supply chain management - Web-based supply dashboards o Reduced cost
- Global positioning service
(GPS) o Increased functionality
- Digital forms
- Short Message Service (SMS)
 The consumer/patient engagement
movement
12. Financial transactions and - Mobile money transfers and  Global health or connected health
incentives banking services
- Transfer of airtime minutes (expanding healthcare services to remote
and marginalized populations), and
Short Messaging Service (SMS)  research, policy, and business (both cost
 It is a core mobile phone function enabling savings and earning potential.)
one- and/or two-way communication
commonly employed in mHealth initiatives, Technology
Globally over 350 billion text messages are  Near ubiquitous access to mobile devices,
sent monthly, exemplifying its extensive along with their range of functionality and
use." increased capabilities, are some of the
driving forces of the rapid growth of
Its frequent use in mHealth programs is due to a mHealth.
number of reasons:
1. it is more economical than a phone call;  Access
2. SMS is versatile, as it can be sent, stored, or o Mobile phone subscribers have
answered; grown from less than 1 billion in
3. it is retrieved at the user's convenience; and 2000 to more than 7 billion in 2015,
4. SMS is available on all phone types equating to a penetration rate of 97%
worldwide." Indeed, the mobile
 phone was cited as the most rapidly
adopted technology on the planet. Future directions of mobile health
 mHealth is changing the delivery of
 Range and Capabilities healthcare, though its continued role in the
o The range of tools and capabilities of future of global healthcare delivery seems
mobile devices has expanded along with certain. It is uncertain how mHealth will
availability. As outlined above, mHealth evolve in response to the challenges outlined
tools range from basic to more above. mHealth has the potential to
sophisticated mobile phone features. The empower patients, allowing them to take
functional capacity of mobile devices control of their health; healthcare may
has increased exponentially with each become more personalized and responsive to
smartphone generation. individual needs. The ideal would be for
integrated systems to shift from the current
Benefits reactive, disease treatment focus to a
 Increasing the reach and access to healthcare proactive, disease prevention focus,
services (e.g.,routine or emergency) and including problem detection at early stages
information (e.g., diagnostic, specialty outside healthcare structures. A tighter
services). integration of mHealth into health systems
 Improving efficiencies and lowering will allow even greater results than today.
healthcare systemsexpenses (e.g., increased
data collection accuracy andcompleteness,
rapid collection)
 Empowering individuals or populations for
health behavior modifications and disease
prevention
 Greater patient access to medical
information to improve health outcomes
 Greater access to personal data
 Decrease in operational stresses on
healthcare organizations

Challenges
 Patients frequently changing phones or
numbers or phonesgetting lost or stolen
 Use of pay-as-you go plans, running out of
credit, cost oftexting*
 Inconsistency of a reliable power source to
charge devices
 Projects relying on smartphones where
access to smartphones remain too expensive
to be sustainable (globally, basic feature
phones are more common)
 Need to accommodate many languages
 Basic literacy, digital literacy, and health
literacy
 Scale-up and integration into existing
systems