PROJECT:

ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,

TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.0 GENERAL REMARKS .................................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.1 DESIGN STANDARDS AND REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.2 OBJECTIVES FOR TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION DESIGN ............................................................................................... 2

3.0 LOAD CALCULATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 2

4.0 RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND REINFORCEMENT DESIGN ................................................................................... 6

4.1 RAFT DESIGN CHECK ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.0 PEDESTAL ANALYSIS AND REINFORCEMENT DESIGN .................................................................................................. 11

6.0 VOLUMETRIC QUANTITIES .................................................................................................................................................... 14

1
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

1.0 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

The purpose of this report is to explain assumptions, analysis, design process and results associated with the structural
foundation for transformer foundation that is to be realized for the Msigani switch station.

2.0 GENERAL REMARKS

2.1 DESIGN STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

The following standards shall be applied.

1. Contract Technical Specifications
2.BS EN 1992‐1‐1:2005 Design of Concrete Structures Part 1‐1 General Rules for Buildings
3.BS 8004:1986 Code of Practice for Foundations
4.BS 8002:1994 Code of Practice for Earth Design of Earth Retaining Structures
5.BS 8110‐1:1997‐Structural Use of Concrete Part 1: Code of Practice for Design & Construction
6. Site Investigation Report
7. Manufacture’s Specification/Drawings
8. Construction Drawings

2.2 OBJECTIVES FOR TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION DESIGN

1. Check for Overturning

2. Check for Bearing Pressures
3. Reinforcement Calculations
4. Check for Shear
5. Check for Sliding

3.0 LOAD CALCULATION

3.1 Technical Requirements

Factor of Safety = 1.5 Technical Specification
Top of Plinth above FGL T1 = 0.15 m Technical Specification
Seismic zone factor Z = 0.1 Technical Specification
Wind pressure b = 1271.3 N/m2

3.2 Material Properties

Grade of Concrete = 25 N/mm2
Unit Weight of Concrete = 25 KN/m3
Design stress of concrete strength fc = 11.9 N/mm2
Grade of Steel = 400 N/mm2
Main reinforcement diameter Y12 = 12 mm
Nominal reinf'nt and link diameter c Y8 = 8 mm

3.3 Substructure Soil Properties

Net Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity SBC = 150 KN/m2 Soil Investigation Report
Density of soil γs = 18 KN/m3 Soil Investigation Report

2
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Angle of internal friction ɸ = 25 Degrees

Coefficient of friction μ = 0.58
Concrete cover to reinforcement C = 40 mm

3.4 Transformer Properties

Total Transformer Load (W) = 10.5 Ton Vendor Drawings
Overall length of Transformer = 1.412 m Vendor Drawings
Length of Transformer LT = 1.412 m Vendor Drawings
Width of Transformer BT = 1.155 m Vendor Drawings
Height of Transformer HT = 2.055 m Vendor Drawings
Overall width of Transformer = 1.155 m Vendor Drawings

3.5 Dimensions for Concrete Pedestal

Length of Concrete Pedestal L = 1.6 m
Width of Concrete Pedestal B = 0.4 m
Cantilever Height H = 0.8 m
Pedestal clear Spacing Preliminary S = 0.23 m

3.6 Dimensions for Concrete Raft

RC Slab Longitudinal Side Projection SL = 0.415 m
RC Slab Transverse Side Projection SB = 0.0 m
Length of Concrete Raft LR = 1.890 m
Width of Concrete Raft BR = 1.6 m
Thickness of Concrete Raft TR = 0.25 m
Total lever arm = 0.65 m
Bottom of Foundation below FGL HR = 1 m Soil Investigation Report

3.7 Load Calculation

The Raft Foundation is designed for the following Load Combinations Static + Wind Load + seismic load 1 Wind Load
Calculations:
Assume wind load acting at 1/2*HT from the base = 1.028 m
Total lever arm at plinth base of wind load = 1.828 m
Transverse direction
Projected area of transformer (transverse direction)
Long side of transformer = 1.412 m
Height of transformer = 2.055 m
Wind force on transformer=wind pressure*exposed area
Along long side of transformer = 3.689 KN
Moment at bottom of transformer due to Transverse wind = 3.79 KN·m
Longitudinal direction
Projected area of transformer (longitudinal direction)
Transverse side of transformer = 1.155 m
Height of transformer = 2.055 m
Wind force on transformer=intensity*exposed area
Along transverse side of transformer = 1.508 KN
Moment at bottom of transformer due to = 1.550 KN·m
Longitudinal wind 2 Seismic Load

3
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

3.71. Calculations:
Assume seismic load acting at 1/2*HT from the base = 1.0275 m
Total lever arm at plinth base of seismic load = 1.8275 m
Transverse direction
Design bedrock acceleration = 0.05g
Seismic zone factor,Z = 0.05
Importance factor,I = 1
Numerical factor = 2.75
Structure factor Rw = 3.00
Shear force,V = 0.07W
Force due to seismic V= = 4.721 kN
Moment at bottom of transformer due to seismic load = 8.627 KN·m
Along transverse side of transformer
Moment at bottom of transformer due to Longitudinal = 8.627 KN·m
seismic load

Gravity loads
Volume of RCC raft = 0.756 m3
Volume of concrete pedestals = 1.024 m3
Volume of concrete pedestals + raft = 1.78 m3
Weight of concrete block + raft Volume*Density of = 44.5 KN
Concrete
Total dead weight (transformer + concrete) = 55 KN

Static moments
Static moment @ longitudinal direction = 0 KN·m
Static moment @ transverse direction = 0 KN·m

Check for Overturning

Total vertical load Pv = 55 KN
Width of foundation B = 1.6 m
Length of foundation L load = 1.89 m
combinations Transverse direction
-static(0)+ maximum transverse wind+ maximum = 12.417 KN·m
transverse seismic
Longitudinal direction
-static+ maximum longitudinal wind+ maximum = 10.135 KN·m
longitudinal seismic

Transverse direction during governing case

Maximum overturning moment MT = 12.417 KN·m

Min Moment of resistance = 44 KN·m
Safety Factor of overturning = 3.54 >1.5 Hence OK!

Longitudinal direction during governing case

Maximum overturning moment ML = 10.135 KN·m

4
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Moment of resistance = 51.975 KN·m

Safety Factor of overturning = 5.128 >1.5 Hence OK!

Pressure check
Foundation design pressure shall always be critical with no GWT condition. hence foundation is designed for
the dry condition. assume foundation size
Raft width B = 1.6 m
Raft length L = 1.89 m
Area A = 3.024 m2
WL=LB2/6 = 0.8064 m3
WT=BL2/6 = 0.952 m3
Net allowable SBC SBC = 150 KN/m2
Pmax=P/A + MT/WT + ML/WL = 44.23 KN/m2 150
Pmax = 44.23 KN/m2 150

5
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

4.0 RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

4.1 RAFT DESIGN CHECK

The raft foundation is analysed for the above loading including self weight as per EN1997-1:2004.
In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the UK National Annex incorporating
Corrigendum No.1.
Raft reinforcement is evaluated as per EN1992-1-1:2004
In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated January 2008 and the UK National Annex incorporating
National Amendment No.1.

RC RAFT DESIGN
In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating corrigendum January 2008 and the UK national annex
Tedds calculation version 1.0.18

Raft definition
;
Type of raft; Two way spanning with restrained edges
Overall slab depth; h = 250 mm
Shorter effective span of panel; lx = 1600 mm
Longer effective span of panel; ly = 1890 mm
Support conditions; Four edges continuous (interior panel)
Top outer layer of reinforcement; Short span direction
Bottom outer layer of reinforcement; Short span direction
Loading
Characteristic permanent action; Gk = 1.0 kN/m2
Characteristic variable action; Qk = 38.8 kN/m2

6
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Partial factor for permanent action; gG = 1.35

Partial factor for variable action; gQ = 1.50
Quasi-permanent value of variable action; y2 = 0.30
Design ultimate load; q = gG  Gk + gQ  Qk = 59.6 kN/m2
Quasi-permanent load; qSLS = 1.0  Gk + y2  Qk = 12.6 kN/m2

Concrete properties
Concrete strength class; C25/30
Characteristic cylinder strength; fck = 25 N/mm2
Partial factor (Table 2.1N); gC = 1.50
Compressive strength factor (cl. 3.1.6); acc = 0.85
Design compressive strength (cl. 3.1.6); fcd = 14.2 N/mm2
Mean axial tensile strength (Table 3.1); fctm = 0.30 N/mm2 ´ (fck / 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 2.6 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement properties
Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 460 N/mm2
Partial factor (Table 2.1N); gS = 1.15
Design yield strength (fig. 3.8); fyd = fyk / gS = 400.0 N/mm2
Concrete cover to reinforcement
Nominal cover to outer top reinforcement; cnom_t = 30 mm
Nominal cover to outer bottom reinforcement; cnom_b = 30 mm
Fire resistance period to top of slab; Rtop = 60 min
Fire resistance period to bottom of slab; Rbtm = 60 min
Axia distance to top reinft (Table 5.8); afi_t = 10 mm
Axia distance to bottom reinft (Table 5.8); afi_b = 10 mm
Min. top cover requirement with regard to bond; cmin,b_t = 12 mm
Min. btm cover requirement with regard to bond; cmin,b_b = 12 mm
Reinforcement fabrication; Subject to QA system
Cover allowance for deviation; Dcdev = 5 mm
Min. required nominal cover to top reinft; cnom_t_min = 17.0 mm
Min. required nominal cover to bottom reinft; cnom_b_min = 17.0 mm
PASS - There is sufficient cover to the top reinforcement
PASS - There is sufficient cover to the bottom reinforcement
Reinforcement design at midspan in short span direction (cl.6.1)
Bending moment coefficient; bsx_p = 0.0312
Design bending moment; Mx_p = bsx_p  q  lx2 = 4.8 kNm/m
Reinforcement provided; 12 mm dia. bars at 150 mm centres
Area provided; Asx_p = 754 mm2/m
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; dx_p = h - cnom_b - fx_p / 2 = 214.0 mm
K factor; K = Mx_p / (b  dx_p2  fck) = 0.004
Redistribution ratio; d = 1.0

7
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

K’ factor; K’ = 0.598 ´ d - 0.18 ´ d2 - 0.21 = 0.208

K < K' - Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; z = min(0.95  dx_p, dx_p/2  (1 + Ö(1 - 3.53 ´ K))) = 203.3 mm
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asx_p_m = Mx_p / (fyd  z) = 59 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asx_p_min = max(0.26  (fctm/fyk)  b  dx_p, 0.0013bdx_p) = 310 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asx_p_req = max(Asx_p_m, Asx_p_min) = 310 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; ssx_p = (fyk / gS)  min((Asx_p_m/Asx_p), 1.0)  qSLS / q = 6.6 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_x_p = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sx_p = 150 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Reinforcement design at midspan in long span direction (cl.6.1)
Bending moment coefficient; bsy_p = 0.0240
Design bending moment; My_p = bsy_p  q  lx2 = 3.7 kNm/m
Reinforcement provided; 12 mm dia. bars at 150 mm centres
Area provided; Asy_p = 754 mm2/m
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; dy_p = h - cnom_b - fx_p - fy_p / 2 = 202.0 mm
K factor; K = My_p / (b  dy_p2  fck) = 0.004
Redistribution ratio; d = 1.0
K’ factor; K’ = 0.598 ´ d - 0.18 ´ d2 - 0.21 = 0.208
K < K' - Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; z = min(0.95  dy_p, dy_p/2  (1 + Ö(1 - 3.53 ´ K))) = 191.9 mm
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asy_p_m = My_p / (fyd  z) = 48 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asy_p_min = max(0.26  (fctm/fyk)  b  dy_p, 0.0013bdy_p) = 293 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asy_p_req = max(Asy_p_m, Asy_p_min) = 293 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; ssy_p = (fyk / gS)  min((Asy_p_m/Asy_p), 1.0)  qSLS / q = 5.4 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_y_p = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sy_p = 150 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Reinforcement design at continuous support in short span direction (cl.6.1)
Bending moment coefficient; bsx_n = 0.0411
Design bending moment; Mx_n = bsx_n  q  lx2 = 6.3 kNm/m
Reinforcement provided; 12 mm dia. bars at 150 mm centres
Area provided; Asx_n = 754 mm2/m
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; dx_n = h - cnom_t - fx_n / 2 = 214.0 mm
K factor; K = Mx_n / (b  dx_n2  fck) = 0.005
Redistribution ratio; d = 1.0

8
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

K’ factor; K’ = 0.598 ´ d - 0.18 ´ d2 - 0.21 = 0.208

K < K' - Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; z = min(0.95  dx_n, dx_n/2  (1 + Ö(1 - 3.53 ´ K))) = 203.3 mm
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asx_n_m = Mx_n / (fyd  z) = 77 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asx_n_min = max(0.26  (fctm/fyk)  b  dx_n, 0.0013bdx_n) = 310 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asx_n_req = max(Asx_n_m, Asx_n_min) = 310 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; ssx_n = (fyk / gS)  min((Asx_n_m/Asx_n), 1.0)  qSLS / q = 8.7 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_x_n = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sx_n = 150 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Reinforcement design at continuous support in long span direction (cl.6.1)
Bending moment coefficient; bsy_n = 0.0320
Design bending moment; My_n = bsy_n  q  lx2 = 4.9 kNm/m
Reinforcement provided; 12 mm dia. bars at 150 mm centres
Area provided; Asy_n = 754 mm2/m
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; dy_n = h - cnom_t - fx_n - fy_n / 2 = 202.0 mm
K factor; K = My_n / (b  dy_n2  fck) = 0.005
Redistribution ratio; d = 1.0
K’ factor; K’ = 0.598 ´ d - 0.18 ´ d2 - 0.21 = 0.208
K < K' - Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; z = min(0.95  dy_n, dy_n/2  (1 + Ö(1 - 3.53 ´ K))) = 191.9 mm
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asy_n_m = My_n / (fyd  z) = 64 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asy_n_min = max(0.26  (fctm/fyk)  b  dy_n, 0.0013bdy_n) = 293 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asy_n_req = max(Asy_n_m, Asy_n_min) = 293 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; ssy_n = (fyk / gS)  min((Asy_n_m/Asy_n), 1.0)  qSLS / q = 7.2 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_y_n = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sy_n = 150 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Shear capacity check at short span continuous support
Shear force; Vx_n = q ´ lx / 2 = 47.7 kN/m
Effective depth factor (cl. 6.2.2); k = min(2.0, 1 + (200 mm / dx_n)0.5) = 1.967
Reinforcement ratio; rl = min(0.02, Asx_n / (b  dx_n)) = 0.0035
Minimum shear resistance (Exp. 6.3N); VRd,c_min = 0.035 N/mm2 ´ k1.5 ´ (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5  b  dx_n
VRd,c_min = 103.3 kN/m
Shear resistance constant (cl. 6.2.2); CRd,c = 0.18 N/mm2 / gC = 0.12 N/mm2
Shear resistance (Exp. 6.2a);

9
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

VRd,c_x_n = max(VRd,c_min, CRd,c  k  (100  rl  (fck / 1 N/mm2))0.333  b  dx_n) = 104.2 kN/m

PASS - Shear capacity is adequate
Shear capacity check at long span continuous support
Shear force; Vy_n = q ´ lx / 2 = 47.7 kN/m
Effective depth factor (cl. 6.2.2); k = min(2.0, 1 + (200 mm / dy_n)0.5) = 1.995
Reinforcement ratio; rl = min(0.02, Asy_n / (b  dy_n)) = 0.0037
Minimum shear resistance (Exp. 6.3N); VRd,c_min = 0.035 N/mm2 ´ k1.5 ´ (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5  b  dy_n
VRd,c_min = 99.6 kN/m
Shear resistance constant (cl. 6.2.2); CRd,c = 0.18 N/mm2 / gC = 0.12 N/mm2
Shear resistance (Exp. 6.2a);
VRd,c_y_n = max(VRd,c_min, CRd,c  k  (100  rl  (fck / 1 N/mm2))0.333  b  dy_n) = 101.7 kN/m
PASS - Shear capacity is adequate
Basic span-to-depth deflection ratio check (cl. 7.4.2)
Reference reinforcement ratio; r0 = (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 / 1000 = 0.0050
Required tension reinforcement ratio; r = max(0.0035, Asx_p_req / (b  dx_p)) = 0.0035
Required compression reinforcement ratio; r’ = Ascx_p_req / (b  dx_p) = 0.0000
Stuctural system factor (Table 7.4N); Kd = 1.5
Basic limit span-to-depth ratio (Exp. 7.16);
ratiolim_x_bas = Kd ´ [11 +1.5´(fck/1 N/mm2)0.5´r0/r + 3.2´(fck/1 N/mm2)0.5´(r0/r -1)1.5] = 39.31
Mod span-to-depth ratio limit;
ratiolim_x = min(40 ´ Kd, min(1.5, (500 N/mm2/ fyk) ´ (Asx_p / Asx_p_m)) ´ ratiolim_x_bas) = 58.96
Actual span-to-eff. depth ratio; ratioact_x = lx / dx_p = 7.48
PASS - Actual span-to-effective depth ratio is acceptable

Reinforcement sketch
The following sketch is indicative only. Note that additional reinforcement may be required in accordance with clauses 9.2.1.2, 9.2.1.4 and
9.2.1.5 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 to meet detailing rules.

10
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

5.0 PEDESTAL ANALYSIS AND REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

Pedestal reinforcement is evaluated as per EN1992-1-1:2004

In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated January 2008 and the UK National Annex incorporating
National Amendment No.1.

RC WALL DESIGN
In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating corrigendum January 2008 and the UK national annex
Tedds calculation version 1.1.02

Wall input details

Wall geometry
Thickness; h = 200 mm
Length; b = 1000 mm/m
Stability about minor axis; Braced
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C25/30
Partial safety factor for concrete (2.4.2.4(1)); gC = 1.50
Coefficient acc (3.1.6(1)); acc = 0.85
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Reinforcement in outer layer; Horizontal
Nominal cover to outer layer; cnom = 30 mm
Vertical bar diameter; fv = 12 mm
Spacing of vertical reinforcement; sv = 160 mm
Area of vertical reinforcement (per face); Asv = 707 mm2/m

11
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Horizontal bar diameter; fh = 8 mm

Spacing of horizontal reinforcement; sh = 150 mm
Area of horizontal reinforcement (per face); Ash = 335 mm2/m
Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 460 N/mm2
Partial safety factor for reinft (2.4.2.4(1)); gS = 1.15
Modulus of elasticity of reinft (3.2.7(4)); Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Fire resistance details
Fire resistance period; R = 60 min
Exposure to fire; Exposed on two sides
Ratio of fire design axial load to design resistance; mfi = 0.70
Axial load and bending moments from frame analysis
Design axial load; NEd = 3.3 kN/m
Moment about minor axis at top; Mtop = 10.2 kNm/m
Moment about minor axis at bottom; Mbtm = 10.2 kNm/m
Wall effective length
Effective length for buckling about minor axis; l0 = 1600 mm

Calculated wall properties

Concrete properties
Area of concrete; Ac = h  b = 200000 mm2/m
Characteristic compression cylinder strength; fck = 25 N/mm2
Design compressive strength (3.1.6(1)); fcd = acc  fck / gC = 14.2 N/mm2
Mean value of cylinder strength (Table 3.1); fcm = fck + 8 MPa = 33.0 N/mm2
Mean value of tensile strength; fctm = 2.56 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity (Table 3.1); Ecm = 22000 MPa  (fcm / 10 MPa)0.3 = 31.5 kN/mm2
Rectangular stress block factors
Depth factor (3.1.7(3)); lsb = 0.8
Stress factor (3.1.7(3)); h = 1.0
Strain limits
Compression strain limit (Table 3.1); ecu3 = 0.00350
Pure compression strain limit (Table 3.1); ec3 = 0.00175
Design yield strength of reinforcement
Design yield strength (3.2.7(2)); fyd = fyk / gS = 400.0 MPa
Check nominal cover for fire and bond requirements
Min. cover reqd for bond (4.4.1.2(3)); Cmin,b = max(fh, fv - fh) = 8 mm
Min axis distance for fire (EN1992-1-2 T 5.4); afi = 10 mm

12
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Allowance for deviations from min cover (4.4.1.3); Dcdev = 10 mm

Min allowable nominal cover; cnom_min = max(afi - fh / 2, cmin,b + Dcdev) = ;18; mm
PASS - the nominal cover is greater than the minimum required
Effective depth of vertical bars
Effective depth; d = h - cnom - fh - fv / 2 = 156 mm
Depth to compression face bars; d’ = cnom + fh + fv / 2 = 44 mm
Column slenderness
Radius of gyration about minor axis; i = h / (12) = 5.8 cm
Minor axis slenderness ratio (5.8.3.2(1)); l = l0 / i = 27.7

Design bending moments

Frame analysis moments combined with moments due to imperfections (cl. 5.2 & 6.1(4))
Ecc. due to geometric imperfections; ei = l0 /400 = 4.0 mm
Minimum end moment about minor axis; M01 = min(abs(Mtop), abs(Mbtm)) + ei  NEd = 10.2 kNm/m
Maximum end moment about minor axis; M02 = max(abs(Mtop), abs(Mbtm)) + ei  NEd = 10.2 kNm/m
Slenderness limit for buckling about minor axis (cl. 5.8.3.1)
Factor A; A = 0.7
Mechanical reinforcement ratio; w = 2  Asv  fyd / (Ac  fcd) = 0.200
Factor B; B = (1 + 2  w) = 1.183
Moment ratio; rm = M01 / M02 = ;1.000
Factor C; C = 1.7 - rm = 0.700
Relative normal force; n = NEd / (Ac  fcd) = 0.001
Slenderness limit; llim = 20  A  B  C / (n) = 340.7
l<llim - Second order effects may be ignored
Design bending moment
Design moment about minor axis; MEd = max(M02, NEd ´ max(h/30, 20 mm)) = 10.2 kNm/m

Moment capacity about minor axis with axial load NEd

Moment of resistance of concrete
By iteration:-
Position of neutral axis; z = 35.5 mm
Concrete compression force (3.1.7(3)); Fc = h fcd  min(max(lsb  z, 0 mm) , h)  b = 402.8 kN/m
Moment of resistance; MRdc = Fc  [h / 2 - (min(lsb  z , h)) / 2] = 34.6 kNm/m
Moment of resistance of reinforcement
Strain in tension face bars; e = ecu3  (1 - d / z) = -0.01186
Stress in tension face bars; s = if(e< 0, max(-1fyd, Es  e), min(fyd, Es  e)) = -400.0 N/mm2

13
 PROJECT:
ENGINEERING DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALLATION,
TESTING AND

TANESCO COMMISSIONING OF 33KV SWITCHING STATION AT

MSIGANI IN DAR ES SALAAM
DOCUMENT TITLE: TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION CALCULATION PREPARED BY: ALLAN

DOCUMENT NO: REVISION 0

Force in tension face bars; Fs = if(d > lsb  z, Asv  s, Asv  (s - h  fcd)) = -282.7 kN/m
Strain in compression face bars; e’ = ecu3  (1 - d’ / z) = -0.00083
Stress in compression face bars; s’ = if(e’< 0, max(-1fyd, Es  e’), min(fyd, Es  e’)) = -166.5 N/mm2
Force in compression face bars; Fs’ = if(d’ > lsb  z, Asv  s’, Asv  (s’ - h  fcd)) = -117.7 kN/m
Resultant force on cross-section; Fres = NEd - (Fc + Fs + Fs’) = 0.877 kN/m
PASS - This is less than 1 kN therefore say OK
Moment of resistance of tension face bars; MRds = Fs  (d - h / 2) = -15.8 kNm/m
Moment of resistance of compression face bars; MRds’ = Fs’  (h / 2 - d’) = -6.6 kNm/m
Combined moment of resistance
Moment of resistance about minor axis; MRd = MRdc + MRds’ - MRds = 43.8 kNm/m
PASS - The moment capacity exceeds the design bending moment

6.0 VOLUMETRIC QUANTITIES

7.1 VOLUME OF CONCRETE C25/30 = 2.96 m3

7.2 VOLUME OF LEAN C10 = 0.23 m3
7.3 EXCAVATION VOLUMES = 5.3 m3

14