FORMULAS
Class 10 Math Important Formulas and Equations
Linear Equations
One Variable ax+b=0, a≠0
Two variable ax+by+c = 0, a≠0, b≠0
Three Variable ax+by+cz+d=0, a≠0, b≠0, c≠0
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
A1/a2 ≠b1/b2=intersecting =one sol , a1/a2=b1/b2≠c1/c2=parallel=no sol
A1/a2=b1/b2=c1/c2=coincident=infinite sol
Quadratic Equations
Standard Form of Quadratic Equation ax + bx + c = 0, a≠0
2
Quadratic Formula -b ± √D⁄2a or -b ± b − 4ac⁄2a
2
Discriminant D = b − 4ac
2
Sum of Roots −b/a
Product of Roots c/a
Arithmetic Progression
nth term for arithmetic progression a + (n-1) d
Sum of the first n terms S = n/2 2a+(n−1)d2a+(n−1)d
n
"n=",((an-a)/d)+1 , d from Sn= (d/(n/2))-(2*a))/(n-1)
Trigonometry
sin(90° – θ) = cos θ
cos(90° – θ) = sin θ
tan(90° – θ) = cot θ
cot(90° – θ) = tan θ
sec(90° – θ) = cosecθ
cosec(90° – θ) = secθ
sin2θ + cos2 θ = 1
sec2 θ = 1 + tan2θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°
Cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°
FORMULAS
Circles
Circumference = 2 π r
Area = π r 2
Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r 2
Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r
Surface Area and Volumes
Surface area of sphere=4 π r2
Volume of Cylinder=4/3 π r3
CSA Cylinder=2πrh
TSA of Cylinder=2 πrh + 2 πr
V of Cylinder=π r2 h
Slant height of cone l = √(r2 + h2 )
CSA of cone=πrl
TSA cone=πr (l + r)
V of cone=⅓ π r h
Perimeter of cuboid=4(l + b +h)
TSA cuboid=2(l×b + b×h + l×h)
V of Cuboid=l × b × h
LSA cube=4a2
TSA cube=6a2
V of cube=a3
CSA/LSA(for uniform cross sec)=peri of base*h
V(for uniform cross sec)=ar of base*h
Statistics
The mean of the grouped data,CI=(U.L+L.L)/2 ,di=xi-a ,ui=(xi-a)/h
Direct Method: x̅ =(∑fi xi)/( ∑xi)
Assumed mean method : ̅ x = a +(∑fidi)/( ∑fi)
Step deviation method : x̅ = a +(∑fiui)/( ∑fi)*h
Mode=l+(f1-f0/2(f1)-f0-f2)*h
F1=max no. In fi
Median=l+((n/2)-c.f/f)*h
C.f=fi1,fi1=+fi2,.......
Empirical formula= 3median=mode+2mean