Driver’s Training Module

A Presentation to improve the driving skill

@Autogurukul
 Safety Aspect in Driving
Always let safety to be your first & prime
consideration while driving on road
It’s a moral responsibility of each driver to drive
vehicle most safely & religiously for you &
others
How ever safety rules & driving ethics if not
understood & followed strictly, safety on road
for you & other can not be assured
Every road user expect others to extend courtesy
& co-operation toward him while driving
However if all road users extend same to each
other, accident will be eliminated
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 Safe Driving
Before commencing journey.
Ensure that vehicle is roadworthy and mechanically
fit , before drive.
Check tire pressure, coolant level, fuel level, engine
oil level, brake fluid level.
Check head lights, signal lights, brakes lights, parking
lights etc.
Check service brakes, parking brakes, accelerator,
clutch.
Adjust side rear view mirror, central rear view mirror.
Check proper indication of oil pressure, engine
temperature, battery charging, engine check lamp,
brake fluid lamp.
Get enough sleep & rest before going for long trip.
Fasten seat belts & make your seating comfortable.
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 Safe Driving
During journey.
Strictly follow the road signs, signals & speed limits.
Do not change your traffic lane without signaling.
Change lane well in advance.
For stopping look in the rear view mirror, signal your
intentions & then apply brakes to stop.
Never trust the driver of on coming vehicle to do the
right thing on the road.
Anticipate other’s mistakes & be prepared for it.
Overtake only when there in no danger.
Don’t apply the calculated habits during driving.
Be careful while reversing, U turning & blind turning.
Be careful near school, bus stand & pedestrain
crossing.

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 Safe Driving
Good driving skilled.
Drive smoothly, gently with no trouble to others.
Keep foot off the clutch, avoid clutch riding.
Always drive in correct gears.
Keep both hands on steering wheel.
Never exceed speed limits.
Avoid sudden braking & sudden acceleration.
Never talk to co-passengers & co-drivers.
Never adjust seat position during driving.
Keep attention on warning indications in between.
Never loss your attention from road even for a fraction
Of second.
Never consume alcoholic drinks when you have to
drive or do not drive, if you have consumed alcohol.

@Autogurukul
 Safe Driving
Driving ethics.
Signal clearly your intentions to start, stop, slowing
down,turn or brake.
Dip your head lights and do not dazzle on coming
vehicle.
Avoid using horns needlessly & in silent zones. Don’t
use pressure horn or high intensity horn.
Keep safe distance from the vehicle ahead.
Give way to vehicles going uphill & for traffic to your
right.
Honor signals of other vehicles.
Recognize blinds (with white & red stick) & deaf &
drive carefully while passing them.
Give a way to fire fighting vehicles & ambulance.
In case of accident it’s a moral duty to assist for the
injured persons.
@Autogurukul
 Do You Know
Every Year, on an Average
In India. In the world
• 3 lakh accidents
occurs on a road
network of just 20
lakh kms.
5 lakh persons die in
• 60,000 peoples die. road accident
• 2.5 lakh persons are 1.5 crore persons
injured. injured

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 Economical Driving
As all of us is very well aware of the fact.
That the DRIVING is a very high skill.
Then what is good driving?
To drive your vehicle safely & efficiently for
you & others road users with more
economically which lead to less fuel
consumption & less maintenance of vehicle.

@Autogurukul
 Economical Driving
Avoid fast & harsh driving.
To drive fast & harsh is very dangerous & non
economical.
Vehicle in high speed is very very difficult to control
during emergency conditions.
Secondly vehicle in high speed leads to high fuel
consumption & fast deterioration of the components
It has been observed that vehicle run at 90 kmph speed
consumed one & half times more fuel than at 60 kmph
speed.

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 Economical Driving
Avoid idle running of engine.
Idle running of engine consume more fuel, even than
economical speed.
To run engine in idle for a long time leads to high
temperature of engine in turn fast deterioration of the
engine components.

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 Economical Driving
Avoid sudden braking & sudden acceleration.
Sudden braking & sudden acceleration lead to extra
fatigue on suspension & braking component which in
turn causes early failure of the parts.
It also leads to fast & abnormal wear of the tyres which is
very costly item.
In some conditions it may leads to un-controlling of
vehicle & even to accident.
Mainly loss of fuel is more.
At a speed of 60 kmph, a vehicle can travel a distance of
more than half km. Without consuming extra fuel if
foot is lifted from accelerator.
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 Economical Driving
Avoid clutch riding.
This leads to loss of more fuel, by wasting power.
It causes fast & abnormal wear of clutch facing .
It reduce the life of pressure plate.
It reduce the life of release bearing.
Hence:- use hand brake during the signal stops to
prevent vehicle rolling.
Ensure correct free play in clutch pedal.

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 Economical Driving
Always drive in correct gear.
For better fuel economy & smooth operation of
vehicle, your vehicle must drive in correct gear.
Driving in wrong gear can increase fuel
consumption by 10 to 20%.

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 Economical Driving
Avoid fuel leakages & spillages
Remember:- every drop of fuel is precious
Leakages leads to heavy loss of fuel.
It also contaminate the environments.
Loss of one drop of diesel per second can amount
to a loss of 2000 liter per year.

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 Economical Driving
Always use recommended brands
Use of genuine & recommended consumables
leads to better performance & better fuel
economy with long trouble free operation of
vehicle.
Use recommended engine oil & oil filter
Use recommended coolant & antifreeze agent
Use recommended brake fluid
Use recommended gear & differential oil
By doing this we can upgrade fuel saving by 10%
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 Economical Driving
Do proper adjustment of driving controls
For smooth & safe driving,control mechanism
should be properly adjusted.
Clutch:- Improper adjustment of clutch leads to clutch
sleeping & hence loss of power & fuel.
Brakes:- Improper adjustment of brake leads to brake
binding or poor braking hence loss in fuel or loss in
vehicle control.
Accelerator:- Improperly adjusted accelerator leads to
poor pick & hence loss of fuel
Steering:- Improperly adjusted steering disturb the
dynamic stability of vehicle.

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 Economical Driving
Keep wheel properly aligned & balance
Improper alignment:-It causes abnormal pulling.
Hard & non returnable steering
Fast & abnormal tire wear.
Improper balancing:- It causes wobbling of
wheels
Vibrations in vehicle & uncomforted to the
occupant
Fast wear & tear of tires
Both results in extra fuel consumption & less tire
life
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 Economical Driving
Do proper loading of vehicle
Be aware of carrying capacity of your
vehicle,& strictly follow it.
Improper & excessive loading result in:-
Extra fuel & oil consumption.
Premature failure of engine, transmission &
suspension components.
More wear & tear of tires.
Leads to un controlling of vehicle
Reduce the overall life of the vehicle.
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 Economical Driving
Maintained correct tire pressure
Be aware of correct tire pressure & follow as per
load conditions if given.
Improper tire pressure results in:-
Extra fuel consumption.
More & abnormal tire wear.
Reduce seating comfort.
Affect suspension & steering components.

@Autogurukul
 Economical Driving
Keep engine in good condition
Engine is power plant of vehicle.
Power of engine utilize for drive vehicle,
operating A.C., Power steering, power brake,
alternator,etc.
How efficiently engine can work is most
important for economical aspect of driving.
Engine running with trouble, low compressor
pressure, blackish smoke consume more fuel,
get the engine overhauled immediately.
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 Economical Driving
Do not use adulterated fuel
It is as good as eating poisonous food by us.
Adulterated fuel results in:-
Premature failure of fuel injection pump.
Affect engine performance hence reduce mileage
of vehicle.
Significantly increase exhaust pollution.
Reduce engine life.
Always use pure fuel for good health of engine &
healthy atmosphere.
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 Economical Driving
Clean air filter regularly
It’s a nose of engine.
What will happen if our nose get close?
Choke air filter element results in:-
Higher fuel consumption.
Loss of engine power
Increase exhaust pollution.
Check service indicator,if red band appear clean
or replace air filter element.

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 Economical Driving
Do not remove thermostat
Removal of thermostat results in:-
Engine may run cold than desire.
Engine may run hot than desire.
Hence loss of thermal efficiency & power
Increase exhaust pollution level.

@Autogurukul
 You should
Aware
Use recommended lubricants only.
Use genuine filter cartridge for engine oil & fuel system.
Use genuine spares during the repairing
Use recommended coolant & antifreeze agent.
Use genuine brake fluid only.
Use genuine radiator cap & ensure it’s proper fitment
Use correct capacity fuse in electrical circuit.
Use only distill water for topping in battery
Use recommended intensity head lights & horns only.

@Autogurukul
 You should
Maintain
Change oil in engine, gear box,rear axel at prescribe
interval.
Check service indicator of dry type air filter periodically
& replace cartridge if red indication appears.
Check tire pressure periodically & maintained correctly.
Check battery every week & top up, keep terminals clean.
Check air intake hoses for proper fitment, hoses should
not be puncture or damage.
Check for proper adjustment of foot & hand brakes.

@Autogurukul
 You should
Do’s
Always fasten the seat belts while driving the vehicle .
Avoid engine cranking for more than 30 second,& keep
minimum 2 min interval between successive attempt.
Idle the engine for at least 1 min. after starting & before
stopping if fitted with turbo charger.
Start the vehicle always in 1st gear to avoid premature
clutch wear & jerky acceleration.
Before engaging reverse gear ensure vehicle is stationary.
Drive at steady speed between 60 to 70 kmph or in green
band of rpm meter for better fuel average & longer life.
@Autogurukul
 You should
Dont’s
Do not use clutch pedal as foot rest while driving.
Do not keep clutch half pressed while shifting the gears.
Do not coast vehicle(Drive vehicle with engine off & in neutral).
Do not use mobile phone while driving for safety of you & others.
Do not use kerosene as fuel, this will damage fuel injection
system.
Do not drive if you are drinking or do not drink if you are driving.
Do not overfill engine oil sump, this result in more oil
consumption.
Do not remove thermostat ,but get replace defective one.
Do not top up radiator when engine is hot, this may crack block.
Do not over or under inflate tyres,this will reduce tire life.
Do not run engine without battery it will damage alternator.
@Autogurukul
 Driving in special conditions
Driving at night
Traffic Death rate at night is 3 times than day
Means:-Many of us are unaware of night driving or don’t know
effective ways to deals with them.
Guidelines for night driving
Prepare car for night driving,clean windshields,headlights
taillights,signal lights,and window glasses.
Make head light properly aligned & focused.
Don’t drink & drive,it’s impair your driving ability
Avoid smoking while driving,it’s hamper night vision
Drive slow & increase following distance, It is difficult to judge other vehicle’s speed &
distance at night.
Don’t overdrive head light illuminated area.
When following another vehicle, keep head lights on low beams, so you don’t blind the
driver ahead of you.
If oncoming vehicle doesn’t lower beam, avoid glare by watching right edge of the road
& use it as steering guide.
Make frequent stops for light snacks & exercise. If you are too tired to drive stop & get
some rest.
If your vehicle off road, park a side way, set reflecting triangles, & turn flashers.
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 Driving in special conditions
Driving in rain
Driving in rainy season & stormy conditions is very dangerous as may
leads to an accident with very small mistakes.
Because:-Due to water on the road tires are sensitive for slipping.
Likewise it is more difficult to see other vehicles, road signs & even
road itself, It is critical to sure you can see & be seen.
Tips for Driving in rain
Make sure for worthy condition of brakes & brake lights, head lights,
wipers, tires, windscreen washers, turn signals etc.
Keep vehicle speed in moderate range to control with in a range.
Stay toward the middle lane as water tends to pool in the outsides.
Drive in a tracks of a car ahead of you, but don’t follow too closely.
Turn on head lights not only see the road but others can see you.
Avoid to pass through moving water if you can’t see the ground.
Avoid splashing pedestrians.
If possible, stay off the road during heavy thunderstorms.

@Autogurukul
 Driving in special conditions
Driving in rain
Hydroplaning (Aquaplaning)
Phenomenon causes vehicles to rise up & slide on top of a thin layer of water
between tires & the road, putting vehicle in immediate uncontrolled
situation with danger of sliding out of lane
Occurs when water on the road way accumulates of vehicle’s tires faster than
the weight of the vehicle can push it out of the way.
Main factors for contribute to hydroplaning.
Vehicle speed: As speed increases time to splash out the water is reduced
leading to hydroplaning condition.
Tire tread depth: As tires become worn, reduced ability to resist
hydroplaning.
Water depth: Deeper the water, leads to more possibility for hydroplaning.
What to do if you start to hydroplane:
Do not apply brakes immediately.
Do not steer the vehicle as for as possible.
 Driving in special conditions
Driving in winter
Driving in winter season is more difficult due to many reasons like ice,
snow, lower temperature, short daylight hours etc.
Tips for driving in winter:-
Drive slowly with adequate following distance. Roadway conditions may
vary depending upon the sun, shade or roadway surface.
Be sure vehicle is properly maintained. Lights, brakes, windshield
wipers, defrosters, radiator and other parts should be in good
working condition.
Start slowly, gentle braking in slow, being braking early when you come
to stop.
If weather is with ice & snow then remove snow from vehicle, window,
don’t start driving until windshield is defrosted & clear.
Plant ahead for winter driving. Carry a blanket, food and other survival
equipment.

@Autogurukul
 Driving in special conditions
Driving in hilly area
While driving in hilly portion do follow the below tips for safe driving
While down hilling the vehicle use 2nd or 3rd gear only. Use exhaust
brakes if provided.
Properly study the road signed for road conditions & turning
behavior, narrow bridges etc.
Use horns& turn signals on sharp & blind turns.
Give adequate side to the climbing vehicle.
While parking the vehicle on slope use proper blocks for the tires.
Maintained proper distance with ahead vehicle.
Be sure the systems like brakes, clutch, transmission, brake lights,
Signals, suspension, steering are in proper working condition.

@Autogurukul
 Driving in special conditions
Driving in fogs
It is best not to drive in fog. However, if you must drive in fog, take
following precautions.
Slow down, if you see headlights or taillights, slow down even more.
Drive with slow speed of 20 to 30 kmph in the centre of the roadway,
with putting headlights & taillights in on condition.
Do not overdrive beyond headlights, say within the limit of vision &
stop if the fog is too dense.
Start turn signals long before the turn & brake early when approach
a stop to warn other drivers.

@Autogurukul
 Driving in special conditions
Driving on expressways
Be specially alert when driving on expressways when driving on
expressways. Speed & traffic volume are the major concerns for
this driving.
For safe driving on expressways do follow the following precautions.
Do follow the proper lane as per given speed recommendation.
Check rearview and side mirrors before changing the lanes.
Use turn signals while changing the lane.
Go to the next exist if you missed once. Backing up on expressways is
against the law.
Do not follow too closely. Allow plenty of distance between you & the
vehicle ahead.
The right lane is for slower traffic. The left lane is used for faster
traffic & for passing.
Do not stop on the expressway. Pull off the road if you have a problem
Lift car’s hood & turn on hazard flashers.
Do not walk along the expressway.

@Autogurukul
 What to do in case of brake failure
Having brake fail while driving is a dangerous & horrible situation,
specially driving on highway with high speed.
Whenever once comes across such situation keep patience & start for
stopping the vehicle.
First off all foot off the accelerator pedal & shift the vehicle in lower
gear immediately.
Observed the situation around the vehicle through rear view mirror
& side mirror & try to steer the vehicle toward the extreme left in
a safe zone.
Meanwhile speed of vehicle will rapidly slow down, now shift in
neutral & gradually start applying hand brake until the vehicle
stop. if this brakes has also failed direct the vehicle onto a soft
shoulder to stop the vehicle in short span.
Once vehicle has stopped, put out reflective triangles & keep
emergency flashers on & find for professional assistance.

@Autogurukul
THANK YOU

@Autogurukul