Text?
‘An iceberg is free-floating freshwater
js over 15 meters long that has calved—broken
off_from a glacier or ice shelf, Since most of an
ey can pose great hazards
he sinking of the RMS
rol was formed
ice that
iceberg is underwater, th
for marine traffic. Due to tt
Titanic, the International Ice Pat
in 1914 to help monitor the locations of these
dangerous obstacles.
‘Text 2
Iceberg calving is a frequent event as climate
change is warming the earth, Its hard to
generalize the impact of melting icebergs because
they vary greatly in size and makeup. The
freshwater floats on the saltwater of the ocean,
and minerals such as iron can create blooms of
phytoplankton. Large icebergs can also disrupt
‘wave patterns in the surrounding waters that also
affect wildlife.
Which choice would the authors of both texts
most likely agree on?
'A) Efforts to warn ships about icebergs should be
strengthened.
B) ‘The number of icebergs that calve has
increased over time.
©) Icebergs can be difficult to monitor because
most parts are not visible.
D) Large icebergs have the potential to cause
serious problems.
GRAFT AND STRUCTURE
Text 1
Air travel is luxury that should bese
questioned, as it consumes large amous
uly
fossil fuels merely forthe pleasure ot yen,
new place in person. One ofthe fate ges
sources of greenhouse gasses that contrib
climate change is passenger jets. In additgn ©
are a serious source of noise pollution, 10, ets
Text 2
‘Tourism forms about 10.3% of the worlds Gpp
and is an effective tool for bolstering a region
“Tourism creates new jobs and creates economic
diversity so that a region is not reliant on only
one industry. Tourism also brings in outside
‘money that can be taxed by the government to
provide essential public services like schools, iw
enforcement, and health benefits.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Tt
1 respond to the argument in Text 2?
‘A) By pointing out that the drawbacks of tours
might outweigh the benefits
B) By saying that essential public services canbe
paid for in ways other than tourism
C) By questioning whether the data suppor"
Text 2 is actually true
D) By countering that most regions have enovgt
economic diversity without tourismtext!
vpinea worm isa parasite contracted
‘The Oty by drinking unpurified water. ves in
Pr atve tract for about a year, where it can.
the pout a meter Tong, There is no vaccine
so rreatment forthe ain when the adult
and pte moves towards the skin, forms blister,
anally erupts Often victims suffer from
atpitating secondary infections, but fortunately
this condition is almost eradicated: there were
only 15 reported cases in 2021
Text2
‘About forty percent of the known species in the
world are parasitic. Parasites are organisms that
survive to the detriment of others, and range
from microbes to plants to insects and worms.
However, parasites often have a very limited
habitat that is restricted by the host, but they
play multiple essential roles in the ecosystem
such as maintaining populations. Therefore, it is
important to study and preserve them.
How would the author of Text 2 most likely
respond to the last sentence in Text 1?
A) With understanding, because some parasites
are too dangerous to survive
3B) With sadness, because the worm does not
really cause people injury
©) With trepidation, because there could be
unforeseen repercussions
D) With appreciation, because a painful parasite
is almost gone
wowvibrantpublishers.com
Cross—Text Connections
|
147
Text 1
Astronomers from the University of California—
Berkeley worked out there could be as many
as 40 billion Earth-sized exoplanets in the so-
called “habitable zone” around their star, where
temperatures are mild enough for liquid water
to exist on the surface. There's even a potentially
Earth-like world orbiting our nearest neighboring
star, Proxima Centauri, At just four light years
away, that system might be close enough for us
to reach using current technology. The ancient
question, “Are we alone?” has graduated from
being a philosophical musing to a testable
hypothesis. We should be prepared for an answer.
Text 2
Our observations suggest increasingly that earth—
size planets orbiting within the habitable zone
‘may be common in the galaxy. But are any of
them inhabited? With no ability to send probes
there to sample, we will have to derive the answer
from the light and other radiation that come to
us from these faraway systems. We also might not
be able to detect biospheres even if they exist. Life
has flourished on Earth for perhaps 3.5 billion
years, but the atmospheric “biosignatures” that,
today, would supply good evidence of life to
distant astronomers have not been present for all
of that time.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text.
2 most likely respond to the claim in Text 1: that
‘encountering extraterrestrial life is now a testable
hypothesis?
A) It is farfetched, as there is no method of
‘exploring places where life might exist.
B) Itis fallacious, as the only planet with a
detectable biosphere is Earth.
© tis plausible, as many planets could contain
life in subsurface regions.
D) Itis inconceivable, as there is no evidence that
extraterrestrial life exists.Text 1
Shoo-fly pie is a traditional molasses-based
dessert made by the Pennsylvania Dutch. The
first version was originally crustless and called
the Centennial Cake, as it was developed for
the 100th anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence. The sweet pie got
its common name because it forms a pool of
molasses on top, so the housewives who made it
always complained about “shooing” the flies away,
Text 2
The earliest known shoo-fly pie recipes were
baked with no eggs, so historians speculate that
they were made and eaten primarily in winter
when the rich, sweet molasses would have been
readily available and hens rarely laid eggs. As
there are few flies in winter, the name actually
refers to a popular circus animal called Shoo-fly
the Boxing Mule.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text
2 respond to the claim in the last sentence of Text
2
A) By saying that the pie does not form a pool of
molasses sweet enough to attract flies
B) By pointing out that there is a flaw in the
theory about the common name
©) By claiming that the earliest shoo-tly pie
fecipes predate the Centennial Cake
D)
By admitting that eggs would have stopped
the problem of a pool of molasses forming
CRAFT AND STRUCTURE
Text 1
Towering cumulus clouds are g for
cloud that is changing into a than a te
clouds form in periods of Atmospheric jn ee
when low, large clouds have iby
asi
of vertical movement. If there ro snot
and lif, then the clouds can dersinn ®
thunderstorm with strong rain ang eat
discharges that manifest as thunder and igh
Hf hing,
Text 2
Stratus clouds are uniform and f
lat, coy
the sky with a very low-lying gray patel
either no precipitation or of bs
nly periodic d
contrast, nimbostratus are much thicker
clouds that are dense and dark, though they ar
7
at a similar level inthe sk. These clouds prey
steady, sometimes heavy, rain or snow.
Based on the texts, what do towering cumulus
clouds and stratus clouds have in common?
A) They both occur during periods of
atmospheric instabi
B) They both cover the sky ina thick lyer,
though the density is different.
C) They are both a form of cloud thats not
found high in the sky.
D) They both result in strong rain, but aus
clouds do not produce thunder.Cross—Text Connections j
there are about 300 stone spheres
i oma few inches to over six Feet
ging Ofek symmetry ofthese sculptures
10 eT ey were carved by an advanced
ind ey mathematical skills Itwould
a ignifcant effort to pound the
pve tke ager stones than polish them with
oath finish they now have. Even
san for I ive was moving them, as the nearest
oaks some up 1 15 fons
soot 30 miles 28%
shape
Text?
srivafallacyt consider the stone spheres of
Costa Rica as created by hand, as its hardly
ible for a society with no writing from
und 200 B.C. to calculate and follow through
sain the process of shaping the virtually round
qocks. About 50 miles away is a river, the Terraba,
‘which could easily have produced the shapes in.
itscurrent form, and all that was needed was to
transport them to the current location with rafts.
\With which of the following points would the
‘authors of Text | and Text 2 both agree?
A) For the rocks to have their present shape,
there was a need for some refining.
B) Moving the rocks to their present location
would have been difficult at the time.
©) Atthe time the rocks were formed, the people
in Costa Rica were extremely advanced.
D) No matter how they were formed, the rocks
had to be transported a great distance.
"Mbranpublshers.com
\
|
149
Text 1
‘The global oceans are an important sink for
human-released CO,, absorbing nearly a quarter
of the total CO, emissions every year. Of all
‘ocean regions, the Southern Ocean below the
35th parallel south plays a particularly vital role.
“Given the importance of the Southern Ocean to
the global oceans role in absorbing atmospheric
CO,, we must continue to expand our
‘measurements in this part of the world despite the
challenging environment” says lead investigator
Colm Sweeney.
Text 2
‘twas an audacious idea: To send an unmanned
research vehicle called a saildrone on a 13,670-
mile journey around Antarctica alone, at the
mercy of the most hostile seas on the planet. In
winter. Despite a run-in with an iceberg that
wrecked some of its sensors, Saildrone 1020
completed its mission on August 3, 2019, having
successfully collected oceanic and atmospheric
carbon dioxide measurements, “It was a high~
risk, high reward kind of deployment” NOAA
oceanographer Adrienne Sutton said. “We weren't
sure it was going to make it?”
How would Sweeney in Text 1 most likely
respond to Suttonis claim at the end of Text 22
A) By saying that the imperative for more
concrete data justified the risks taken
B) By saying that the resulting conclusions were
not commensurate with the dangers
©) By saying that the research was redundant
after previous studies
1D) By saying that the data could have been
gathered using less risky methodsText 1
Ball lightning isa rare atmospheric effect that
has been reported multiple times over the
centuries, but which has not been scientifically
explained. Part of the problem is that the event
is unpredictable, so it is impossible to set up a
controlled experiment that incorporates all of the
relevant variables. Eyewitness accounts vary, but
describe bails of light associated with lightning
storms that travel in unpredictable trajectories for
several seconds before exploding or vanishing,
often amid the odor of sulfur.
Text2
‘The Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla,
apparently out of curiosity, decided to recreate
the effect known as ball lightning. He managed to
produce balls of light with the same appearance
as ball lightning multiple times in laboratory
settings, but it is unclear whether such balls
actually form in the same fashion as the actual
phenomenon does.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text
1 most likely respond to the claim in Text 2 that
Tesla produced ball lightning?
4) By doubting the accuracy of the report
8) By claiming that such results are irreplicable
©) By conceding that the argument in Text 1 is
flawed
D) By agreeing that such a demonstration is
possible
CRAFT AND STRUCTURE
Text 1
‘The tomb of the Egyptian x
opened in 1922 bystecn ae yet ms
Subsequent the deaths oft eg ot Cane
have Been attributed ta curse ny POR
excavations, Though there wae actualy ity
directly writen on any of the wan 2
within the tomb there isa belet yar
mummies wll bring bad luck, ae ora!
upon anyone involved.
Text 2
Very few Egyptian graves have writen
associated with them, and most are frome
Old Kingdom: one of the most notable, that of
the 6th dynasty ruler Kentika Ikhekhi
that fact, many deaths have been atibued
toa “pharaohis curse” that protects ‘ancient
tombs from desecration. In reality, manysuch
deaths may indeed be related, but they hae
Scientific causes rather than spiritual ones,
For example, early explorers did not know to
Protect themselves against bacterial infections
or radiation. Based on the texts, how would the
author of Text 2 most likely respond tothe dain
in Text I that “the deaths of at least ive people
have been attributed to a curse?”
A) By admitting that itis possible that the dats
were linked to a curse because some tombs
contained them
B) By pointing out that the people must have
died of natural causes that were unrelated ©
their field of study
©)_By arguing that there were probably nn
associated with the tomb that contributed
the deaths
D) By saying that there is no basis for raed :
such a claim because curses only exist
few tombsCross—Text Connections
yest?
snesalat
iin Bolivia contains about
a’ lithium reserves, so
7 percent oto enter inthe market to meet
che 280 ium for the production of
ine dean pteris. Rechargeable batteries are
echatseaN jology for reducing greenhouse gas
A eae ce they are now being effectively
c vehicles.
ae Uy
{of the wor
essen
sions bec
iss
pte forwse ect
ext?
wril
reserves Um
ig true that there are huge lithium
der the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia,
i wersial issue.
wry those reserves is a contro
en png te lene reqs
Toe Pvar amount of water, and if groundwater
tracted for that purpose, then it could place
seenge on farmers whose livelihoods depend
Pimeater to raise food crops for the region’
significa
population.
pased on the texts, how would the author of Text
2 respond to the argument in Text 1?
‘A) By claiming that rechargeable batteries are not
as essential as Text I says they are
3) By stating that certain factors need to be
considered before enacting Text 1's plan
©) By pointing out that Text 1 makes faulty