================
What is Fullstack
=================
Fullstack Development = Frontend Development + Backend Development
Frontend : User interface
-> Clients / Users will interact with s/w application using frontend
Backend : The hidden part of our application which contains business logic
-> When use perform some operation on frontend then backend logic will execute to
handle that operation
-> The programmer who can develop frontend and backend of application is called as
fullstack developer
=====================
Frontend Technologies
=====================
HTML & CSS
Java script
Bootstap
Angular
React
===================
Backend Technologies
====================
Java
Python
PHP
.Net
Node JS
===============
Servers
===============
Tomcat
JBoss
Glassfish
Oracle Weblogic
IBM WebSphere
IIS
===========
Databases
===========
Oracle
MySQL
SQL Server
Postgres
Mongo DB
Casandra
Hbase
Hive
========
Tools
=========
Git Hub : For Code Integration
JIRA : Project Management / Bug Tracking / Work Assignment
SonarQube : For Code Quality Checking
JUnit : For Unit Testing
JMETER : For Performance Testing
JENKINS : For Deployment (Automated Deployment)
==========
Cloud
===========
Amazon ---> AWS
Microsoft ---> Azure
Google -----> GCP
Oracle Cloud
IBM Cloud
VM Ware Cloud
Alibaba CLoud etc.....
=======================================
Roles & Responsibilities of Fullstack Developer
=======================================
1) Understand Requirements of Project
2) Analyze requirements
3) Design / Planning
4) Database Design
5) Development (Backend development)
6) Unit Testing
7) Code Review
8) Code Integration (Git Hub)
9) Frontend Development
10) Frontend + Backend Integration
11) Deployment
12) Support / Maintenence
===========
What is Java
===========
-> Java is a programming language
-> Java language developed by Sun Microsystem in 1991 (OAK)
-> James Gosling is the lead for the team who developed Java Language
-> The first version of java came into market in 1995
Note: Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystem
-> Now java is under license of Oracle corporation
-> Java is a free software & open source
=======================
Java is divided into 3 parts
=======================
1) J2SE
2) J2EE
3) J2ME
J2SE / JSE ---> JAVA STANDARD EDITION
-> STAND-ALONE APPS
-> RUNS ONLY IN ONE MACHINE
EX: CALC, GAMES, NOTEPAD ETC......
J2EE / JEE ---> JAVA ENTERPRISE EDITION
-> web applications
-> Everybody can access web applications using internet
ex: gmail, youtube, facebook, naukri, irctc etc.........
J2ME / JME ---> JAVA MICRO / MOBILE EDITION
-> Mobile apps
Ex: whatsapp, messgender, phonepay, gpay etc.....
=======================
What we can do using Java
=======================
1) Stand-alone applications
2) Web applications
3) Mobile Applications
==============
Java Features
==============
1) Simple : The complex topics of C & C++ are eliminated in Java
Ex: Operators overloading, pointers, memory mgmt etc...
2) Platform Independent
-> Java programs can be executed on any machine
-> JVM made java as platform independent
-> JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine
-> JVM is responsible to run/execute java programs
3) Robust (Strong)
-> Automatic Memory Management
-> Exception Handling
4) OOPS (Object Oriented Programming System)
-> Everything will be represented in objects format
-> Code Re-Usability
5) Secure
6) Distributed
7) Portable
8) Dynamic
Java Slogan : WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere)
==================
Environment Setup
==================
1) Download and Install Java Software
- JDK (Java Development Kit)
- JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
Q) What is the difference between JDK, JRE & JVM ?
- JDK contains set of tools to develop java programs
- JRE providing a platform to run our java programs
- JVM will take care of program execution
2) Set Path for Java
Path = C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\bin
-> Go To Environment Variables
-> Go To System Environment Variables
-> Edit Path
-> Add JDK BIN path
=========================
Java Programs Development
========================
-> We can write java programs in any text editor
- Note Pad
- Note Pad++
- Edit Plus
-> In companies we will use IDE to develop java programs/projects
- Integrated Development Environment
- Eclipse
- MyEclipse
- Netbeans
- STS (Spring Tool Suite)
- IntelliJ
========================
Java Program Structure
=========================
package statements
import statements
class declaration
variables
methods
-----------hello.java---------
class hello {
public static void main(String... args) {
System.out.println("Welcome To Ashok IT...!!");
System.out.println("Welcome to Java");
}
}
----------------------------
javac hello.java
java hello
---------------------------
class demo {
public static void main (String... args){
System.out.println("Hello World");
System.out.println("Welcome to Java");
}
}
-----------------------------------
-> javac measns java compiler which is used to compile java programs
-> java compiler is called as translator
===============
Translators
===============
-> It is used to convert from one format to antoher format
-> 3 types of translators available
1) Interpreter
2) Compiler
3) Assembler
-> Interpreter will convert the program line by line ( performance is slow )
-> Compiler will convert all the lines of program at a time ( performance is fast )
-> Assembler is used to convert assembler programming languages into machine
language
========
JVM
========
-> JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine (We can't see with our eyes)
-> JVM will be part of JRE
-> JVM is responsible for executing java programs
-> JVM will allocate memory required for program execution & de-allocate memory
when it is not used
-> JVM will convert byte code into machine understandable format
================
JVM Architecture
===============
1) Classloader subsystem : It will load .class file into JVM
2) Method Area : Class code will be stored here
3) Heap area : Objects will be stored into heap area
4) Java Stack : Method execution information will be stored here
5) PC Register : It will maintain next line information to execute
6) Native Stack : It will maintain non-java code execution information
7) Execution Engine ( Interpreter + JIT ) : It is responsible to execute the
program and provide output/result
8) Native Interface : It will load native libraries into jvm
9) Native Libraries : Non-java libraries which are required for native code
execution
=======
variables
========
-> variables are used to store the data
name - ashok
age - 30
gender - m
isStudent - false
mysalary - 400.56
-> We need to specify type of the variable to store the data
-> To specify type of data we will use 'data types'
=========
data types
=========
-> Data types are used to specify type of the data
-> Data types are divided into 2 categories
1) Primitive / Pre-Defined Data Types
1) Integral
- byte
- short
- int
- long
2) Decimal
- float
- double
3) Character
- char
4) Boolean
- boolean
2) Non-Primitive / Referenced Data Types
- Arrays
- Strings
- Classes
================
Integral data types
=================
--> Integral data types are used to store numbers without decimal points
--> We can store both positive and negative numbers using integral data types
Ex:
age = 30
phno = 66868686868
studentscnt = 40
balance = - 3000
-> We have 4 data types in this category
-> For These 4 data types memory & range is different
1) byte ----> default value is 0 ----> 1 byte
2) short ----> default value is 0 ----> 2 bytes
3) int ----> default value is 0 ----> 4 bytes
4) long ----> default value is 0l ----> 8 bytes
=================
Decimal data types
==================
-> Decimal data types are used to store numbers with decimal values
-> We can store both postive and negative values
Ex:
petrol price = 110.567979
stockPrice = 334.3279797979797979
percentage = 9.8
weight = 55.6
height = 5.6
length = 10.2
-> In this category we have 2 data types
1) float ----> 4 bytes ---> upto 6 decimal points
2) double -----> 8 bytes --> upto 15 decimal points
================
character data type
=================
-> Character data type is used to store single character
-> Any single character ( alphbet / digit / special character ) we can store using
'char' data type
-> char datatype will occupy 2 bytes of memory
-> When we are storing data into 'char' data type single quote is mandatory
-> default value is 'u0002'
gender = 'm'
rank = '1'
Note: In C language 'char' will take only 1 byte where as in java 'char' will take
2 bytes
==============
boolean data type
==============
-> It is used to store true or false values only
-> It will occupy 1 bit memory
Note: 8 bits = 1 byte
-> default value for boolean is false
Ex:
isPass;
isFail
isMarried
isOdd
isEven
===========
Variables
===========
-> Variables are used to store the data / value
-> To store the data into variable we need to specify data type
-> To store data into variables we need to perform 2 steps
1) Variable Declaration (defining variable with data type)
Ex: byte age ;
2) Variable Intialization (storing value into variable)
Ex: age = abc;
-> We can complete declaration and intialization in single line
byte age = 20;
=============================== Variables Program
==================================
class var {
public static void main (String... args) {
int age = 20;
System.out.println(age);
float a = 25.01f;
System.out.println(a);
double price = 120.87;
System.out.println(price);
char gender = 'm';
System.out.println(gender);
boolean pass = true;
System.out.println(pass);
}
}
1) Identifiers
2) Keywords
3) Java Naming Conventions
===========
Identifiers
==========
-> All java components requires a name
-> For variables, for classes and for methods we need a name
int age ;
class Hello {
// code
}
main ( ) {
//logic
}
-> The name which we are using for packages, variables, classes & methods is
called as identifier
-> We can use any name for identifiers but we need to follow below rules to work
with identifiers
Rule-1 : Java will allow only below charaters for identifiers
1) a - z
2) A - Z
3) 0 to 9
4) $ (dollar)
5) _ (underscore)
Ex:
name -----> valid
name@ -----> invalid
age# ------> invalid
Rule-2 : Identifier should not start with digit (first character shouldn't be
digit)
1age --------> invalid
age2 ------> valid
name3 -----> valid
_name -----> valid
$name ------> valid
@name ------> invalid
$_amt --------> valid
_1bill -----------> valid
Rule-3 : Java reserved words shouldn't be used as identifier (53 reserved words)
int byte = 20; -------> invalid bcz byte is a
reserved word
byte for = 25; -------> invalid bcz for is a
reserved word
int try = 30; ------> invalid bcz try is a
reserved word
long phno = 797979799 -----> valid
Rule-4 : Spaces are not allowed in identifiers
int mobile bill = 400; // invalid
int mobile_bill = 400 ; // valid
Rule-5 : Java is case sensitive language 'name' & 'NAME' both are not same
==============================================
Java Naming Conventions ( Java Coding Standards )
===============================================
-> Java language followed some standards/conventions for pre-defined packages,
classes and methods....
-> Java language suggested java programmers also to follow same standards /
conventions
-> Following these standards/conventions is not mandatory but highly recommended.
===============================
Naming Convention For Class Name
===============================
-> A class name can contain any no.of words without spaces
-> Recommended to write every word first character as uppercase in class name
Examples:
class Hello {
}
class HelloWorld {
}
class UserManagementService{
}
class WelcomeRestController {
}
Note: Class Names & Interface Names conventions are same.
=========================
Variables Naming Convention
=========================
-> Variable name can have any no.of words without spaces
-> Recommended to start variable name with lowercase letter
-> If variable name contains multiple words then recommended to write firstword all
characters in lowercase and from second word onwards every word first character in
Uppercase
Examples:
int age ;
int userAge;
long creditCardNumber ;
=========================
Method Naming Convention
=========================
> Method name can have any no.of words without spaces
-> Recommended to start method name with lowercase letter
-> If method name contains multiple words then recommended to write firstword all
characters in lowercase and from second word onwards every word first character in
Uppercase
main ( ) {
}
save ( ) {
saveUser( ) {
getWelcomeMsg ( ) {
Note: Variables & Methods naming conventions are same. But methods will have
parenthesis ( () ) variables will not have parenthesis.
==============================
Naming Conventions for Constants
=============================
-> Constant means fixed value (value will not change, it is fixed)
-> Recommended to write constant variable all characters in uppercase
-> If constant variable contains multiple words recommended to use _ (underscore)
with all uppercase characters
final int MIN_AGE = 21;
final int MAX_AGE = 60 ;
int PI = 3.14;
===============================
Naming Conventions for Packages
==============================
-> Package name can have any no.of characters & any of words
-> Recommended to use only lowercase letters in package names
-> If package name conatins multiple words then we will use . (dot) to seperate
words
Eamples:
java.lang
java.io
java.util
in.ashokit
com.oracle
com.ibm
==========
Chaper-1
==========
1) What is Java
2) Java Features
3) Java Environment Setup
4) JDK vs JRE vs JVM
5) Java Programs Execution Flow
6) Java Programs Development (Compilation & Execution)
7) Variables
8) Data Types
9) Identifiers
10) Reserved Words (53)
11) Java Coding Standards (Naming Conventions)
12) Java Comments
