Work and Energy
The Ninja, a roller coaster at Six Flags
over Georgia, has a height of 122 ft and
a speed of 52 mi/h. The potential energy
due to its height changes into kinetic
energy of motion.
Goals:
• Define kinetic energy and potential
energy, along with the appropriate
units in each system.
• Describe the relationship between
work and kinetic energy, and apply the
WORK-ENERGY THEOREM.
Energy
Energy is anything that can be con-
verted into work; i.e., anything that
can exert a force through a
distance.
distance
Energy is the capability for doing
work.
Potential Energy
Potential Energy: Stored energy.
A suspended weight A stretched bow
Example Problem: What is the
potential energy of a 50-kg person
in a skyscraper if he is 480 m above
the street below?
Gravitational Potential
Energy
What is the P.E. of a 50-kg
person at a height of 480 m?
U = mgh = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(480
m)
U
U== 235
235 kJ
kJ
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.
If an object is moving, it has kinetic
energy. (Mass with velocity)
A speeding car
or a space
rocket
Examples of Kinetic
Energy
What is the kinetic energy of a 5-g
bullet traveling at 200 m/s?
5g K mv (0.005 kg)(200 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2
200 KK =
= 100
100 JJ
m/s
What is the kinetic energy of a
1000-kg car traveling at 14.1 m/s?
K mv (1000 kg)(14.1 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2
KK =
= 99.4
99.4 kJ
kJ
orkFx(m
W m
vo
a)x;
Work and Kinetic Energy
A resultant force changes the velocity
of an object and does work on that
F
object.
x
Work mv mv
1
2
2
f
m
1
2
vf
a
2
0
2
f
F
v v
2x
2
0
The Work-Energy Theorem
Work is
equal to the Work 2 mv f 2 mv0
1 2 1 2
change in
½mv2
If we define kinetic energy as ½mv2
then we can state a very important
physical principle:
The Work-Energy Theorem: The work
done by a resultant force is equal to
the change in kinetic energy that it
produces.
Example 1: A 20-g projectile strikes a
mud bank, going a distance of 6 cm
before stopping. Find the stopping
80 6 cm
force F if the initial
0 velocity is 80 m/s.
m/s
Work = ½ mv - ½ mv
Work = ½ mvf - ½ mvi
2
x
2
F x= - ½ mvi2 F=?
F (0.06 m) cos 1800 = - ½ (0.02 kg)(80
m/s)2
F (0.06 m)(-1) = -64 J FF =
= 1067
1067 N
N
Work to stop bullet = change in K.E. for
bullet
Example 2: A bus slams on brakes to
avoid an accident. The tread marks of
the tires are 25 m long. If = 0.7,
Work = KE
what=was
Work the)speed before applying
F(cos
brakes? 25
x m Ff
Ff = .FN = mg
Work = - mg 0
KE = ½ mvf2 - ½ mvi2
x
KEi 2== - mg x
-½ mv vi = 2gx
Work
vvi i =
= 18.5
18.5
vi = 2(0.7)(9.8 m/s )(25 m)
2
m/s
m/s
Power
Power is defined as the rate at
which work is done: (P = W/t )
Work
Work FFgg rr
Power
Power
time
time tt
Power
Power of
of 11 W
W is
is work
work done
done at
at rate
rate of
of 11
J/s
J/s
Example of Power
What power is consumed in
lifting a 70-kg robber 1.6 m in
0.50
Fh s?mgh
P
t t
2
(70 kg)(9.8 m/s )(1.6 m)
P
0.50 s
Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 2220
2220
W
W
Example 3: A 100-kg cheetah moves
from rest to 30 m/s in 4 s. What is the
power?
Recognize that work is equal
to the change in kinetic
energy: Work
Work 12 mv f 12 mv0
2 2
P
t m = 100 kg
1
mv 2f (100 kg)(30 m/s) 2
1
P 2
2
t 4s
Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 1.22
1.22
kW
kW
