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CM SQA Past Papers Navigation

This document contains information about past examination papers for the Chief Mate Certificate of Competency, including sample questions and guidance for candidates. It provides details of the materials allowed during the exam, such as tide tables and navigation formula sheets. It also notes that the exam is administered by SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency and that candidates must achieve a minimum of 120 out of 200 total marks to pass. The document then presents sample exam questions related to navigation topics like voyage planning, passage planning, celestial navigation, and use of nautical publications. It provides context for cargo ship voyages between European and North American ports and asks candidates to complete calculations and analyses.

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Sean hoxby
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
657 views65 pages

CM SQA Past Papers Navigation

This document contains information about past examination papers for the Chief Mate Certificate of Competency, including sample questions and guidance for candidates. It provides details of the materials allowed during the exam, such as tide tables and navigation formula sheets. It also notes that the exam is administered by SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency and that candidates must achieve a minimum of 120 out of 200 total marks to pass. The document then presents sample exam questions related to navigation topics like voyage planning, passage planning, celestial navigation, and use of nautical publications. It provides context for cargo ship voyages between European and North American ports and asks candidates to complete calculations and analyses.

Uploaded by

Sean hoxby
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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032 – Chief Mate

NAVIGATION
PAST PAPERS
July ‘20 – December ‘21
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 8 JULY 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres:

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac (Edition Sept 2011)
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Worksheet Q2
Worksheet Q5 Radar Plotting sheet

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All questions refer to a General Cargo Ship.


The ship is loading at two European ports: Antwerp, Belgium, and Oporto, Portugal.
The ship is to discharge at Charleston, U.S.A. and Georgetown, Guyana.
Voyage to be undertaken in January.
Service speed 18.0 knots.

1. The Charterer requires the fastest route between Oporto (41º12'N 8º44'W) and
Charleston (32º48'N 79º50'W).

To assist in the voyage appraisal and to determine the required ocean route to
meet the Charterer’s requirements, the Master requires the direct Great Circle
and Rhumb Line tracks to be sketched on to the Ocean Routeing Chart.

(a) To enable the tracks to be sketched, determine EACH the following:

(i) the initial course of the direct Great Circle; (6)

(ii) the final course of the direct Great Circle; (6)

(iii) the position of the vertex of the direct Great Circle. (10)

(b) From the Ocean Routeing Chart it is estimated that the Gulf Stream will have
an average adverse effect of 1.2 knots for the Great Circle route, whereas
the Rhumb Line route will only experience an average 0.5 knot adverse effect.
Determine the predicted fastest route. (18)

2. Using Worksheet Q2, between the Parallels of Latitude of 60ºN and 20ºS, indicate
EACH of the following for the month of January:

(a) TEN predominant Currents; (10)

(b) prevailing winds; (8)

(c) pressure systems; (6)

(d) recognised ice limits; (2)

(e) potential Tropical Revolving Storm area; (2)

(f) gale force wind area; (2)

(g) area where restricted visibility is highly likely. (2)


3. Loading in Antwerp has been delayed due to adverse weather conditions and is
now expected to be completed by 1200 hrs 5th January.

However, due to meteorological forecasts indicating low pressure and associated


strong winds, the Master is concerned that, if further delays are encountered, the
ship will be prevented from loading all the intended cargo as the ship will become
Neaped.

The intended draft on departure is 7.0 m.

The Company ISM stipulates that a squat allowance of 10% of the draught must be
applied for canal passages and a minimum UKC of 1.0 m must be maintained.
On departure, the ship must transit the canal locks at Boudewijnsluis
(ATT Vol 1, Index No. 1539a) charted depth of 3.8 m.

(a) Determine the last predicted HW time at Boudewijnluis that will allow the
ship to fully load the intended cargo. (14)

(b) The last opportunity to transit the canal at Boudewijnluis, to comply with the
required ETA at Oporto, is the morning HW 9th January.

Determine the maximum draft if further adverse weather conditions delay


the ship until this time. (10)

(c) Explain how each of the forecast meteorological elements; low pressure and
strong winds, can influence the actual tide level in comparison to the
predicted tide level. (12)

(d) Explain why the use of the Antwerp Tidal Curve may be inaccurate for the
calculation of Boudewijnluis tides. (4)

4. The passage from Antwerp to Oporto requires the transit of the Dover Straits.

(a) (i) Outline the purpose and functions of the Channel Navigation
Information Service (CNIS). (8)

(ii) State THREE topics about which the CNIS will transmit warnings. (6)

(b) CALDOVREP is a mandatory reporting scheme for ships over 300 grt transiting
the Dover Straits.

(i) State the statutory information to be reported to CALDOVREP. (8)

(ii) State THREE sources of information regarding the requirements of


CALDOVREP. (6)

(c) The meteorological forecast during the transit of the Dover Straits is N’ly
winds, force 8. Heavy rain. Poor visibility. Traffic density is anticipated to
be high.

Outline the bridge manning level, stating the duties of each member, for the
Dover Straits transit. (12)
5. At 0912 hrs, Ship Time, 22nd January, using the GPS position of
35º35'.5N 52º55'.3W as the observation DR position, the Third Officer obtains a
morning sight of the SUN.

The Third Officer’s calculation gives an Intercept 12.5' Towards, Azimuth S50º W.

At 1144 hrs, Ship Time, a Meridian Passage observation of the SUN, lower limb,
gave a sextant altitude 34º47.9'

Ship keeping Zone Time.


Index Error 0.2 on the arc.
Height of Observer 10.6 m.
Ship steering 260ºT throughout.

(a) Determine the observed latitude of the ship at 1200 hrs Ship Time. (12)

(b) Using Worksheet Q5 Radar Plotting Sheet or other suitable means, determine
the observed position of the ship at 1200 hrs Ship Time. (20)

(c) The Third Officer informs the Master that the 1200 hrs observed position is
approximately 16 miles westwards of the 1200 hrs GPS position.

(i) Identify, stating reasons, the probable cause of the discrepancy between
the 1200 hrs Observed and GPS positions. (6)

(ii) In light of the probable cause identified in Q5(c)(i), state any FIVE
relevant points of discussion that the Master may consider necessary with
the Third Officer. (10)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY – DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 19 AUGUST 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Worksheet Q2
Datasheet Q3
Worksheet Q5

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate
steps must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All questions refer to a 5,000 teu Container Ship. The ship is charted to sail from Brisbane,
Queensland, Australia, to Seattle, Washington, USA, via Honiara, Solomon Islands.
Ship Service Speed 18.5 knots.

1. The Voyage Plan identifies:

Brisbane to Honiara:

30 miles of coastal passage to waypoint 27º12ʹS 153º36ʹE;


Rhumb Line to waypoint 09º30ʹS 159º24ʹE;
50 miles coastal passage to Honiara.

Honiara to Seattle:
100 miles coastal passage to waypoint 08º06ʹS 160º24ʹE;

Great Circle to waypoint Latitude 48º30ʹN Longitude 124º48ʹW:


160 miles coastal Passage to Seattle.

(a) Determine the total distance of the voyage. (18)

(b) The Chart Party requires the ship to tender a ‘Notice of Readiness’ at Seattle
no later than 2400 hrs, Standard Time, 23rd January.

It is estimated that 36 hours will be required for the all operations in Honiara.

(i) Determine the latest time, Standard Time, for departure Brisbane to
tender the required Notice of Readiness on arrival Seattle. (10)

(ii) Outline whether a Great Circle, instead of the proposed Rhumb Line,
from Brisbane to Honiara would offer an appreciable saving of distance. (4)

(c) To assist in the passage across the Pacific Ocean, the ship is to be weather
routed.

Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the process for determining a ‘Least
Time Track’. (18)
2. At 0000 hrs (UT), 8th January, whilst on passage to Honiara, the ship is advised of
a Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS) in position 12º00ʹS 177º00ʹW.

The movement of the storm centre is forecast as 260ºT x 8.0 knots.

Own ship’s present position: 24º00ʹS 154º30ʹE, steering 019ºT.

(a) Using Worksheet Q2, plot the positions of own ship and TRS at 0000 hrs (UT)
8th January. (2)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2, plot the D.R. position of own ship at 0000 hrs (UT)
10th January and the possible area of influence of the storm for the 48 hours
up to 0000 hrs (UT) 10th January. (5)

(c) Outline the meteorological and oceanographical conditions anticipated at the


ship for the period from 0000 hrs (UT) 8th January to 0000 hrs (UT)
10th January. (7)

(d) The Master and the Navigating Officers meet to discuss the implications of
the approaching TRS and the effect on the passage to Honiara.

State, with reasons, the actions, that a prudent Master would consider
appropriate to ensure the safety of the ship. (15)

(e) Outline the contents, in relation to the TRS, of the Master’s Night Order to
be compiled on the evening of the 8th January. (10)
3. The International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) manual
is a publication required on UK registered ships.

(a) State the means by which IAMSAR Vol III manual is made a statutory
publication for UK registered ships. (4)

(b) Outline the primary purpose of the IAMSAR Vol III manual. (5)

(c) At 1800 hrs (UT) 14th January, a distress message states that a ship is being
abandoned in position 08º00ʹN 175º15ʹE. The ship’s personnel are taking to
liferafts. It is known that the ship is equipped with enclosed liferafts, fitted
with drogues.

Wind estimated as NE, Force 5.

The Ocean Routeing Chart shows the predominant current to be the North
Equatorial Current at 1.8 knots.

Four ships are proceeding to the search area. The ETA of the first ship to
arrive at the search area is 0600 hrs (UT) 16th January and the 3 other ships
all arriving by 0900 hrs (UT) 16th January.

With reference to Datasheet Q3, determine the datum point of the initial
search at the time that the first ship will arrive on scene. (16)

(d) State EIGHT factors when determining which of the four ships should take the
role of the On Scene Coordinator. (8)

(e) State, giving reasons, which search pattern(s) would be considered the most
appropriate. (6)

(f) If the initial search is unsuccessful, outline the use of EACH of the following
charts to assist in the search operation:

(i) Current Rose Chart. (3)

(ii) Vector Mean Current Chart. (3)

4. (a) Outline the considerations when planning a safe landfall at the end of an
ocean passage. (10)

(b) Parallel Indexing is to be used for the passage through the Admiralty Inlet.

(i) Outline the considerations when determining an appropriate reference


point for the proposed index. (10)

(ii) State the precautions and checks, as outlined in current MCA guidance,
regarding Navigation - Use of Electronic Navigation Aids, when using
Parallel Indexing techniques. (10)
5 A ship is to make a transit of Admiralty Inlet during daylight hours on the
23rd January.

(a) Determine EACH of the following:

(i) the earliest time such a transit could begin; (5)

(ii) the latest time such a transit would have to be completed. (5)

(b) On Worksheet Q5, construct a Tidal Stream Curve for Admiralty Inlet for the
23rd January. (16)

(c) Due to engine problems the Master decides that the ship can only safely make
the transit when the strength of the tidal stream is 1.5 knots or less.

Identify, having due regard to Q5(a) and Q5(b), the relevant periods when
the ship can safely make the transit. (10)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 07 OCTOBER 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres:

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac (Edition Sept 2011)
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Worksheet Q2(1) - January


Worksheet Q2(2) - July
Datasheet Q4 Co-Tidal Co-Range Chart
Worksheet Q5

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps must
be made clear in the answer.

All questions refer to a VLCC on a one year time charter, trading between the Persian Gulf
and Japan.
Service speed 15.5 knots, fuel consumption 120 tpd.
Maximum manoeuvring speed 12.0 knots, fuel consumption 95 tpd.
Loaded Draft 18.6 m.
Ballast Draft 12.8 m.

1. An initial assessment of the passage between The Gulf and Japan shows a total
distance of 7,177 miles. The total distance includes a 210 miles section of the
Malacca Straits and Singapore Straits, which will be undertaken at the ship’s
maximum manoeuvring speed.

(a) Find EACH of the following:

(i) total steaming time for the passage; (4)

(ii) total fuel consumption for the passage. (4)

(b) It is intended to use the ‘Nine Degree Channel’ to pass between the Laccadive
Islands and The Maldives.
Consideration is being given to the options of using a Great Circle or a Rhumb
Line ocean passage, between the Gulf of Oman and the Nine Degree Channel.

Waypoints: Gulf of Oman 24º30'N 058º45'E


Nine Degree Channel 09º48'N 072º05'E

Find EACH of the following:

(i) the saving of distance if a Great Circle route is used; (18)

(ii) the initial course of the east bound Great Circle; (5)

(iii) the initial course of the west bound Great Circle; (5)

(iv) the course of the east bound rhumb line; (2)

(v) the course of the west bound rhumb line. (2)

(c) State, giving reasons, whether a Great Circle or a Rhumb line passage would
be the most appropriate. (5)
2. The Arabian Sea and the North Indian Ocean experience significant changes of
wind patterns and predominant currents during the year.

(a) Using Worksheets Q2(1) January and Q2(2) July, indicate and name EACH of
the following:

(i) pressure systems; (10)

(ii) wind patterns; (8)

(iii) predominant currents. (9)

(b) Explain, in detail, how the annual change of the SUN’s declination affects the
predominant current direction in the Indian Ocean, North of the Equator. (13)

3. The Singapore Straits are one of the busiest shipping areas of the world. There
are limited navigational waters, large vessels transit the area and there is a high
density of crossing traffic.

IMO has implemented a Routeing Scheme in the area to assist in the safety of
navigation.

(a) State the SEVEN objectives of an IMO Routeing Scheme. (7)

(b) Explain the practical implications, as specified in IRPCS, Rule 10, when
passage planning for EACH of the following situations:

(i) a passage through the full length of a traffic lane in a Traffic Separation
Scheme; (10)

(ii) a passage in the vicinity of a Traffic Separation Scheme. (4)

(c) In preparation for the 4 hour passage of the Singapore Straits, the Master
conducts a Bridge Team meeting 12 hours prior to the transit. State the
contents of the discussion. (10)

(d) State the Bridge duties and responsibilities of the Master immediately prior
to the commencement of the transit and whilst conning the ship through the
Singapore Straits. (8)
4. During an east bound, loaded passage, of the Malacca Straits the Master intends
to transit the area of the ‘Pyramid Shoals’ (2º33'N 101º40'E) on the afternoon High
Water 26th March and to commence the passage of the Singapore Straits,
waypoint 1º10'N 103º30'E, at the commencement of daylight 27th March.

The Admiralty Tide Tables for Port Dickson, Malaysia, 26th March, state:

HW 1545 hrs, 2.8 m.

Ship keeping Zone Time.

Charted Depth, at position indicated on Datasheet Q4, 19.1 m.

(a) With reference to the required position, as indicated on Datasheet Q4,


determine EACH of the following:

(i) the predicted time at which HW will occur (Ship’s Clocks / Ship Time); (10)

(ii) the predicted UKC at the time determined in Q4(a)(i). (4)

(b) The distance from the indicated position at Pyramid Shoal to the
commencement waypoint at Singapore Strait is 165 miles.

Find EACH of the following:

(i) the commencement of daylight, 27th March, at Singapore Straits (Ship’s


Clocks / Ship Time); (8)

(ii) the average speed required from the position indicated on Datasheet Q4
to the Singapore Straits. (4)
5. On passage from the Singapore Straits to Japan, Worksheet Q5 shows a Radar Plot.

Plot commenced at 2110 hrs and is for 12 minutes.


Radar range 12 miles.
Own ship steering 040ºT at service speed.
Clear visibility.

(a) Make a full appraisal of the THREE Target Vessels at 2122 hrs. (18)

(b) At 2130 hrs the Third Officer informs the Master that a traffic situation is
developing that requires the Master to immediately attend the Bridge.

(i) The Master’s Standing Orders should specify the actions that the Master
requires the OOW to undertake in such a developing traffic situation. In
addition to calling the Master, state the other actions that the Third
Officer should complete in preparation for the Master’s arrival on the
Bridge. (5)

(ii) On arrival on the Bridge, state the information that the Master requires
from the Third Officer to assess the situation. (5)

(c) With regards to the situation at 2130 hrs, discuss EACH of the following
courses of action available to the Master:

(i) a bold alteration of course to starboard; (6)

(ii) immediately taking all way off the vessel; (6)

(iii) a bold alteration of course to port. (6)

Note: Assume all actions instantaneous at 2130 hrs.

(d) With regard to Q5(c)(iii), state any justification under IRPCS for this option. (4)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 02 DECEMBER 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres:

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac (Edition Sept 2011)
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Datasheet Q2(1)
Datasheet Q2(2)
Datasheet Q2(3)
Worksheet Q3 Radar Plotting sheet
Worksheet Q4

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All questions refer to 12,000 TEU container ship, on passage from Antwerp, Belgium, to
Boston, USA, and Miami, USA.
Service speed 18.0 knots.

1. Prior to any sea passage, a Voyage Plan must be completed.

(a) (i) State the means by which a Voyage Plan is a statutory requirement for
the intended voyage. (4)

(ii) State the Master’s statutory obligation regarding a Voyage Plan. (5)

(iii) Outline how the requirements of the International Safety Management


Code assist in the completion of a Voyage Plan. (6)

(b) Outline how an Ocean Routeing Chart can be used to assist in the appraisal
of the intended passage. (12)

(c) State the purpose of EACH of the following stages of a Voyage Plan, outlining
the information that should be determined for EACH stage:

(i) execution; (10)

(ii) monitoring. (6)


2. The voyage requires a transit of the Dover Straits.

(a) Compare and contrast information shown in Tidal Stream Atlases with that
available on a navigational chart by use of tidal diamond data. (10)

(b) At 0600 hrs UT the ship will commence the 3 hour, SW bound passage, of the
Dover Straits at position 51º22ʹN 1º52ʹE.

The planned track is shown on Datasheets Q2(1), Q2(2) and Q2(3).

The Voyage Plan specifies that the Dover Straits passage will be at
‘Full Ahead’ manoeuvring speed 15.0 knots.

HW Dover 0930 hrs, Spring Tides.

With reference to Datasheets Q2(1),Q2(2) and Q2(3):

Summarise the predicted effect of the tidal stream, outlining the likely effect
of the set and rate of the tidal stream on the ship, for EACH of the following
periods:

(i) 0600 to 0700 hrs UT; (7)

(ii) 0700 to 0800 hrs UT; (7)

(iii) 0800 to 0900 hrs UT. (7)

(c) At 0730 hrs UT the ship is in position 51º 05ʹ.0N 001º 30ʹ.1E. Determine the
set and rate of the predicted tidal stream at this position. (3)
3. (a) Whilst on passage across the N Atlantic Ocean the OOW obtains the following
stellar observations:

Star Ship Time True Alt Calc Alt Bearing


Sirius 0602 hrs 80º44'.3 80º45'.3 045 ºT
Canopus 0607 hrs 34º18'.1 34º18'.1 115 ºT
Arcturus 0615 hrs 11º58'.7 11º56'.2 161 ºT

The skies were clear, the ship was rolling and the horizon not distinct due to
a pronounced swell and misty conditions.

The OOW used the 0600 hrs DR position 42º30'N 38º45'W for the calculations
and selected 0600 hrs for the time of the ship’s observed position.

Ship steering 255ºT.

Using Worksheet Q3 or other suitable means, determine the 0600 hrs


position. (20)

(b) At 0700 hrs the Master attends the Bridge as routine. On inspecting the star
plot the Master questions the OOW.

State, outlining reasons, for EACH of the following:

(i) the suitability of the star selection; (10)

(ii) the suitability of selecting 0600 hrs as the time of the obtained position; (6)

(iii) the validity of obtaining a MPP from the plot. (4)


4. At 1200 hrs UT, 22nd September, whilst on passage from Boston to Miami, the ship
is in position 39º05'N 71º02'W and making for waypoint 26º00'N 80º00'W by Rhumb
Line.

The Master has been monitoring the development of a Tropical Revolving Storm,
developing to the NE of the West Indies, and receives an update from the National
Hurricane Centre. The storm has now developed into a category 2 storm and at
1200/22nd UT is in position 20º10'N 56º30'W.

The storm is predicted to maintain its current track of 285°T at 16.0 knots.

(a) Calculate the bearing and distance of the storm at 1200 hrs UT,
22nd September. (6)

(b) Sketch a plan view of the storm, naming all features. (10)

(c) On Worksheet Q4, plot EACH of the following:

(i) the ship’s position at 1200/22nd UT and its DR positions at 1200/23 UT &
1200/24th UT; (6)

(ii) the position of the storm at 1200/22nd UT; (2)

(iii) the possible area of influence of the storm during the 48 hours up to
1200/24th UT. (6)

(d) The Master chairs a meeting with the ship’s Management Level members to
discuss the options in relation to the TRS. Outline the factors for EACH of the
following options:

(i) the ship heading due East; (4)

(ii) the ship heading South South East; (4)

(iii) the ship continuing on the planned passage. (4)

(e) The Master has continued on the planned passage.

At 1200/23rd the National Hurricane Centre advises that the storm is now in
position 21º10'N 63º30'W. The storm has increased to a category 3 storm and
presently heading 280ºT at 16.0 knots.

(i) State the advisability of continuing with the planned passage. (2)

(ii) Outline the reasons for answer Q4(e)(i). (6)


5. (a) Current Maritime and Coastguard Agency guidance recommends that
manoeuvring information in the form of a pilot card, wheelhouse poster and
manoeuvring booklet should be provided.

(i) State the purpose of the Pilot Card. (10)

(ii) State the general topics of information that should be contained in the
recommended Wheelhouse Poster. (10)

(iii) State the seven sections of the Manoeuvring Booklet. (7)

(b) Current Maritime and Coastguard Agency guidance warns of the Dangers of
Interaction.

State the key points of the Maritime Guidance Note on this subject. (6)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 07 JULY 2021

1315 - 1615 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Worksheet Q1
Worksheet Q5 Radar Plotting Sheet

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer

All questions refer to a 5,000 gt cargo ship, chartered to transport an offshore drill derrick
from Shirehampton, UK, to Rotterdam, Netherlands

1. The drill derrick is scheduled to be loaded at Shirehampton (ATT UK & Ireland,


Index No. 523a.) on the morning of 19th March.

Port regulations stipulate that ships, whilst manoeuvring in the vicinity of


Shirehampton berths, must maintain a minimum clearance of 1.5 m beneath the
cargo gantry cranes.

Due to weather forecasts, indicating wind strengths above the permitted loading
operation parameters, the Master is concerned that significant delays may result
in the ship becoming neaped.

(a) From the following information:

Vertical Clearance, above HAT, of gantry cranes 17.5 m.


The drill derrick extends 23.5 m above the deck level.
Draught on departure 4.7 m
Keel to deck level 8.9 m

Identify the last predicted Low Water at Shirehampton that will allow the ship
to manoeuvre off the berth prior to the ship becoming neaped. (20)

(b) Loading operations are actually completed at 1500 hours on the 20th March
and the ship is preparing for port departure.

A 45 minute period of time has been allocated for the unmooring operation
and the manoeuvre to clear the berths.

Determine the latest time that the ship can commence the unmooring
operation so as to clear the berth, complying with the Port regulations. (15)

[OVER
2. The 4 hours outbound pilotage passage, from Shirehampton to the Pilot
disembarkation position, will be with surveillance and assistance from the
Avonmouth Vessel Traffic Service.

Statutory publications specify the functions of Vessel Traffic Services.

(a) State EACH of the following:

(i) the main functions of Vessel Traffic Services; (7)

(ii) the information that a Vessel Traffic Service should provide to assist in
the safe navigation and the protection of the marine environment. (4)

(b) Outline the Master’s responsibilities with respect to the outbound pilotage
passage:

(i) prior to the commencement of the pilotage passage; (8)

(ii) upon the arrival of the pilot on the bridge; (8)

(iii) during the pilotage passage. (6)

(c) In the event of the Master’s absence from the bridge during the pilotage
passage, outline the procedure the OOW should follow if in doubt of the
Pilot’s intentions. (5)
3. The planned passage is:

Coastal passage from Avonmouth Pilot Station to Wolf Rock waypoint,


49º53ʹN 05º51ʹW, distance 135 miles;

Wolf Rock waypoint to Lizard Point waypoint, 49º53ʹN 05º12ʹW;

Lizard Point waypoint to Start Point waypoint, 50º08ʹN 03º45ʹW;

Start Point waypoint to Dover Straits TSS waypoint, 50º20ʹN 00º05ʹE;

Coastal from Dover Straits TSS waypoint to Rotterdam Pilot Station, distance
182 miles.

(a) Determine the total distance from the Avonmouth Pilot Station to the
Rotterdam Pilot Station. (25)

(b) The Avonmouth Pilot is disembarked at 1810 hours 22nd March, Standard Time.

To meet the tidal requirement at Rotterdam, the Rotterdam Pilot is to be


embarked at 1500 hours 24th March, Standard Time.

The coastal passage from the Dover Straits TSS waypoint to the Rotterdam
Pilot Station will be at manoeuvring speed, full ahead, 10.5 knots.

Determine the speed required from the Avonmouth Pilot Station to the Dover
Straits TSS waypoint in order to meet the ETA requirement at Rotterdam Pilot
Station. (15)

Note: Assume no Tidal Stream throughout.

[OVER
4. During the month of March, the south coast of England is an area susceptible to
reduced visibility due to Radiation Fog.

(a) Explain the process by which Radiation Fog may occur over the coastal waters
of South England. (10)

(b) In anticipation of reduced visibility, Parallel Indexing is to be used during


critical parts of the passage.

State EACH of the following:

(i) the reason why Parallel Indexing should not be the ‘Primary’ means of
monitoring the vessel’s position; (2)

(ii) FOUR factors to consider when determining a suitable reference point


for a Parallel Index; (4)

(iii) the precautions contained within the current MCA guidance, with respect
to the radar, when using Parallel Indexing. (8)

(c) Parallel Indexing may be used with different radar configurations.

Explain the radar screen presentation and the movements of PI lines when
Parallel Indexing on EACH of the following ground stabilised modes:

(i) Relative Motion; (5)

(ii) True Motion. (5)

(d) Current MCA guidance advises that the adjustment of a radar heading marker
should not be carried out “when alongside a berth using the berth’s
alignment.”

Outline THREE reasons why using the berth alignment is bad practice. (6)
5. Whilst proceeding in the middle of the appropriate traffic lane through the Dover
Straits Traffic Separation Scheme, during restricted visibility, course 022ºT, the
speed has been reduced to 6.0 knots.

Worksheet Q5 shows the radar plot between 0730 hours and 0742 hours using a
radar range of 6.0 miles.

Targets A and C have been identified as cross channel ferries, using the French
port of Boulogne.

Target B has been identified as ZC1 buoy, marking the eastern edge of the NNE
traffic lane.

(a) Determine the course, speed and CPA distance of Targets A, C and D. (15)

(b) Outline the apparent movement of Targets A, C and D with respect to the
Traffic Separation Scheme. (6)

(c) State the set and rate of the tidal stream experienced. (4)

(d) The bridge team are discussing the appropriate action required to resolve the
developing situation.

With respect to IRPCS, safe navigation within a Traffic Separation Scheme and
any other factors, outline EACH of the following:

(i) FIVE considerations for a reduction of speed; (5)

(ii) THREE considerations for an increase of speed. (3)

(e) At 0806 hours, after having taken manoeuvring action, Targets A, C and D
have passed clear and the risk of collision with these THREE targets no longer
exists. ZC1 buoy is now bearing 018ºT, range 2.2 miles.

Find EACH of the following:

(i) the required course to pass ZC1 buoy at CPA 0.5 mile; (10)

(ii) the time at which ZC1 buoy will be at the CPA position. (4)

Note: Assume tidal stream constant and ship speed 6.0 knots throughout.
 
 
   
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032-73 NAVIGATION WORKSHEET Q5 07 JULY 2021

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)


CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 06 OCTOBER 2021

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet
Nautical Almanac
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Worksheet Q2
Datasheet Q4(1) Luminous Range Diagram.
Datasheet Q4(2) Geographical Range Table.

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer

All questions relate to a 12,500 gt bulk carrier, service speed 15.0 knots.
The ship is to make a voyage from Cape Town, South Africa to Tubarao, Brazil, and
Georgetown, Guyana, during January.

The Charterer requires the ship to undertake a ‘Least Time’ voyage.

1. The South Atlantic Ocean passage will be:

Dep Cape Town, waypoint 33º54ʹS 18º12ʹE.


Arr Tubarao landfall, waypoint 20º06ʹS 38º48ʹW.

(a) To appraise and plan the ocean passage, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the Rhumb Line course and distance; (10)

(ii) the Great Circle initial course; (6)

(iii) the Great Circle final course; (6)

(iv) the Great Circle distance. (6)

(b) The ship commences the Great Circle ocean passage at 2015 hours, on the
15th January, South Africa Standard Time.

A navigation warning has been received, giving details of shipping containers


lost overboard from a ship. The last known position of the containers is stated
as 30º58ʹS 08º04ʹW.

Due to the proximity of the containers to the planned Great Circle track the
Master requires further information.

Assuming the Departure Cape Town position is the vertex of the Great Circle,
determine EACH of the following:

(i) the distance that the Great Circle track will pass to the south of the last
known position of the containers; (12)

(ii) the ETA, Zone Time, that the ship will be to the south of the last known
position of the containers. (10)

[OVER
2. (a) Using Worksheet Q2, sketch and name the following meteorological and
oceanographic features for January:

(i) the atmospheric pressure systems; (4)

(ii) the prevailing wind systems; (8)

(iii) the ocean currents. (8)

(b) State TWO factors as to the reason why Tropical Revolving Storms are very
infrequent in the South Atlantic Ocean. (4)

(c) On Worksheet Q2, sketch the Rhumb Line track and the approximate Great
Circle track from Cape Town to Tubarao. (4)

(d) With reference to Worksheet Q2, outline the factors to be considered when
assessing whether the Rhumb Line track or the Great Circle track will offer
the required ‘Least Time’ passage. (10)

3. At sunrise on the 23rd January, DR 28º47ʹS 30º18ʹW, an observation of the SUN gave
a bearing of 110ºC. Variation 3½º E.

(a) Determine the deviation of the magnetic compasses. (15)

(b) At 1140 hours, Ship Time, the Third Officer informs the master that a compass
error, by azimuth of the SUN, has shown an unexpected deviation of 2ºE.

(i) State, giving reasons, which observation would be the most reliable. (7)

(ii) State any discussion and advice that the Master may consider appropriate
with the Third Officer regarding his observation of the SUN. (10)
4. The appraisal of a safe landfall is an important aspect of ocean passage planning.

(a) State, giving reasons, SIX factors to consider when planning a safe landfall. (18)

(b) The ship is expected to make visual landfall by sighting the Tubarao Point
light during the first hour of the 0400 hours – 0800 hours watch, 25th January.

Charted characteristics of light: FlWR10s23m18M

Height of Eye 12.0 m.

The forecast is for N’ly winds of Force 4, visibility 10 to 15 miles, occasional


rain showers.

During the evening of 24th January, the Master compiles Night Orders
regarding the expected landfall.

(i) To provide specific guidance to the OOW, determine, with reference to


Datasheets Q4(1) and Q4(2), the predicted range at which Tubarao Point
light will be first sighted. (6)

(ii) State, with reasons, the other instructions and guidance that should be
included in the Master’s Night Orders on the evening of the 24th January,
to assist the OOW in making a safe landfall. (24)

[OVER
5. The Master, the senior member of ‘Management Level’, is required to “ensure that
all functions within the designated area of responsibility are properly performed.”
(STCW 1978, as amended.)

Whilst on passage observations of an inexperienced OOW’s Bridge watchkeeping


practices, the Master notes deficiencies regarding the OOW’s procedure for
handing over the watch and the monitoring of shipboard operations.

Guidance is contained in Statutory Publications regarding ‘Handing Over the


Watch’ and ‘Monitoring Shipboard Operations’.

(a) State EACH of the following:

(i) THREE requirements that the OOW must ensure prior to commencing
handing over the watch, whilst on passage, to the relieving OOW; (9)

(ii) TWO situations when the OOW should not hand over the watch, whilst
on passage, to the relieving OOW; (4)

(iii) FIVE requirements to ensure that the OOW is maintaining a high level
of general awareness of the ship and its routine operations whilst on
passage. (15)

(b) The Master requires the OOW to study publications regarding ‘handing over
the watch’ and the ‘monitoring of shipboard operations’.

State TWO publications, required to be carried on board, that would assist


the OOW in these matters. (4)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –DECK OFFICER

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-73 - NAVIGATION

WEDNESDAY, 01 DECEMBER 2021

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook


UK and Ireland Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)
Navigation Formulae Datasheet (Version 3.0 March 2019)
Nautical Almanac
Nautical Tables
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Tide Tables (Edition Sept 2011)

Examination paper inserts:

Datasheet Q1
Worksheet Q2(1) Gnomonic Chart
Worksheet Q2(2) Mercator Chart
Worksheet Q3 Radar Plotting Sheet

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.

2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
032-73 NAVIGATION DATASHEET Q1 01 DECEMBER 2021
NAVIGATION

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps must
be made clear in the answer

All questions refer to a 30,000 gt general cargo ship undertaking a voyage from Auckland,
New Zealand, to Puerto Montt, Chile. The ship will be loaded to the Summer displacement
and will be at service speed 16.5 knots

1. The intended sea passage is:

Auckland Pilot Station, coastal, 56 miles to waypoint 36º10ʹS 175º30ʹE;

Rhumb Line to NW limit of ‘Southern Winter Seasonal Zone’;

Parallel Sailing until the ship can enter the Southern Winter Seasonal Zone as soon
as the Summer period applies;

Great Circle to 41º30ʹS 74º30ʹW;

Coastal, 40 miles, to Puerto Montt Pilot Station.

(a) Assuming that UT applies to all Seasonal Loadline dates, with reference to
Datasheet Q1, state the earliest time and date, UT, that the vessel can enter
the Southern Winter Seasonal Zone. (5)

(b) The ship is to disembark the Auckland Pilot at 0800 hours, Standard Time,
10th October. With reference to Datasheet Q1, calculate EACH of the
following:

(i) the distance to steam prior to commencing the Great Circle; (10)

(ii) the position that the Great Circle can be commence; (20)

(iii) the total distance of the passage. (10)

[OVER
2. (a) With the aid of Worksheet Q2(1), plot, on Worksheet Q2(2), the intended
ocean passage, as determined in Q1, from waypoint 36º10ʹS 175º30ʹE to
waypoint 41º30ʹS 74º30ʹW. (20)

(b) Also on Worksheet Q2(2), sketch EACH of the following:

(i) the Peru (Humboldt) Current and the East Australian Current; (4)

(ii) the Sub Tropical Anticyclone (STAC); (2)

(iii) the prevailing air flow from the STAC that will affect the intended sea
passage. (4)

(c) Outline the anticipated meteorological conditions of the ocean passage and
how the prevailing wind and currents may affect the ETA at Puerto Montt
Pilot Station. (15)
3. The fourth stage of the Voyage Plan, ‘Monitoring’, identifies that the primary
means of position fixing will be by the ship’s Global Navigation Satellite System,
with Celestial Navigation as the secondary means.

(a) With regard to position monitoring, outline the accuracy, availability and
possible errors of EACH of the following:

(i) GNSS; (7)

(ii) Celestial Navigation. (8)

(b) During the ocean passage, ship steering 090ºT, at service speed, the OOW
obtains the following stellar observations:

Star Ship Time CZD TZD Bearing


SUHAIL 1852 hours 12º19.5ʹ 12º18.1ʹ 129ºT
SIRIUS 1900 hours 43º22.5ʹ 43º22.9ʹ 030ºT
RIGEL 1903 hours 38º45.5ʹ 38º46.0ʹ 283ºT
ALPHARD 1915 hours 83º22.6ʹ 83º21.4ʹ 185ºT

The 1900 hours satellite position of 32º58.0ʹS 158º33.0ʹW was used for the
observation calculations.

Using Worksheet Q3, or other suitable means, plot the FOUR positions lines
to represent 1900 hours Ship Time. (16)

(c) Due to the inconsistencies within the FOUR stellar observations and with the
satellite position, the OOW calls the Master to the bridge. The OOW informs
the Master that heavy cloud cover limited the availability of stars for
observation.

(i) State, giving reasons, the factors that the Master should consider when
determining the ship’s 1900 hours position. (8)

(ii) Based on the factors in Q3(c)(i), state, giving reasons, the ship’s
1900 hours position. (4)

[OVER
4. During the voyage the World Wide Navigation Warning Service (WWNWS) will be
an important source of Maritime Safety Information.

(a) Define Maritime Safety Information, as outlined in the SOLAS convention. (4)

(b) State the obligations of the Master with regards to WWNWS. (6)

(c) Outline the main features of EACH of the following:

(i) Navarea warnings; (8)

(ii) Coastal Warnings; (8)

(iii) Local Warnings. (6)

(d) State the purpose of EACH of the following:

(i) International SafetyNET service; (3)

(ii) Navtex service. (2)

5. Due to a series of errors made by a junior officer, when undertaking celestial


observations and calculating ETAs at voyage waypoints, the Master needs to
explain the principle of world-wide time systems to the officer.

(a) Outline EACH of the following terms:

(i) Standard Time; (3)

(ii) Daylight Saving Time; (3)

(iii) Local Time in a port; (3)

(iv) Local Mean Time; (3)

(v) Zone Time; (3)

(vi) Longitude Into Time (Arc to time conversion). (3)

(b) To appraise whether the officer is now competent, the Master sets a test.

If the Local Time in Great Britain is 06:47:23, on the 3rd April, determine the
following times at Eastport Pilot Station (44º54ʹN 66º59ʹW), Maine, USA:

(i) Universal Time; (3)

(ii) Standard Time; (3)

(iii) Local Time; (3)

(iv) Zone Time. (3)


032-73 - NAVIGATION WORKSHEET Q2(1) 01 DECEMBER 2021
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..…………………………………….. Examination Centre ………………………………………………………………………………
032-73 NAVIGATION WORKSHEET Q2(2) 01 DECEMBER 2021
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..…………………………………….. Examination Centre ………………………………………………………………………………

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