CONCENTRATION TERMS

Q.1 Calculate the molarity of the following solutions :

(a) 4g of caustic soda is dissolved in 200 mL of the solution.
(b) 5.3 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate is dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
(c) 0.365 g of pure HCl gas is dissolved in 50 mL of solution.
Q.2 The density of a solution containing 13% by mass of sulphuric acid is 1.09 g/mL. Calculate the
molarity of the solution.
Q.3 The mole fraction of CH3OH in an aqueous solution is 0.02 and its density is 0.994 g cm–3. Determine
its molarity and molality.
Q.4 The density of a solution containing 40% by mass of HCl is 1.2 g/mL. Calculate the molarity of the
solution.
Q.5 A mixture of ethanol and water contains 54% water by mass. Calculate the mole fraction of alcohol
in this solution.
Q.6 15 g of methyl alcohol is present in 100 mL of solution. If density of solution is 0.90 g mL–1. Calculate
the mass percentage of methyl alcohol in solution.
Q.7 Units of parts per million (ppm) or per billion (ppb) are often used to describe the concentrations of
solutes in very dilute solutions. The units are defined as the number of grams of solute per million or
per billion grams of solvent. Bay of Bengal has 1.9 ppm of lithium ions. What is the molality of Li+
in this water ?
Q.8 A 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH. Calculate the density of the
solution.
Q.9 Fill in the blanks in the following table.
Compound Grams Grams Molality Mole Fraction
Compd Water of Compd of Compd
Na2CO3 ______ 250 0.0125 ______
CH3OH 13.5 150 _____ ______
KNO3 _____ 555 _____ 0.0934
Q.10 A solution of specific gravity 1.6 is 67% by weight. What will be the % by weight of the solution of
same acid if it is diluted to specific gravity 1.2 ?
Q.11 Find out the volume of 98% w/w H2SO4 (density = 1.8 gm/ ml) must be diluted to prepare 12.5 litres
of 2.5 M sulphuric acid solution.
Q.12 Determine the volume of diluted nitric acid (d = 1.11 g mL–1, 19% w/v HNO3) That can be prepared
by diluting with water 50 mL of conc. HNO3 (d =1.42 g mL–1, 69.8% w /v).
Q.13 A mixture of Xe and F2 was heated. A sample of white solid thus formed reacted with H2, to give 112
ml of Xe at STP and HF formed required 30 ml of 1 M NaOH for complete neutralization. Determine
empirical formula.
Q.14 A certain oxide of iron contains 2.5 grams of oxygen for every 7.0 grams of iron. If it is regarded as
a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3 in the weight ratio x : y, what is x : y, (atomic weight of iron = 56).
Q.15 In what ratio shoudl you mix 0.2M NaNO3 and 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 solution so that in resulting solution,
the concentration of negative ion is 50% greater than conc. of positive ion.
 Answer Key

Q.1 (a) 0.5 M, (b) 0.5 M, (c) 0.2 M

Q.2 1.445 M Q.3 1.088 M, 1.13 m Q.4 13.15 M

Q.5 0.25 Q.6 16.67% Q.7 2.7 × 10–4 m Q.8 1.288 gm/ml

Q.9 0.331, 2.25 ×10–4, 2.81, 0.0482, 321, 5.72 Q.10 29.77% Q.11 1736.1 ml

Q.12 183.68 ml Q.13 XeF6 Q.14 9 : 10 Q.15 1:2

 Acid Base Titration
Q1. A small amount of CaCO3 completely neutralized 52.5 mL of N/10 HCl and no acid is left at the
end. After converting all calcium chloride to CaSO4, how much plaster of paris can be obtained?
Q2. How many ml of 0.1 N HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of Na2CO3 and
NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of two?
Q3. 10 g CaCO3 were dissolved in 250 ml of M HCl and the solution was boiled. What volume of 2
M KOH would be required to equivalence point after boiling? Assume no change in volume
during boiling.
Q4. 125 mL of a solution of tribasic acid (molecular weight = 210) was neutralized by 118mL of
decinormal NaOH solution and the trisodium salt was formed. Calculate the concentration of the
acid in grams per litre.
Q5. Upon heating one litre of N/2 HCl solution, 2.675g of hydrogen chloride is lost and the volume of
solution shrinks to 750 ml. Calculate (i) the normality of the resultant solution (ii) the number of
milli-equivalents of HCl in 100 mL of the original solution.
Q6. For the standardization of a Ba(OH)2 solution, 0.2g of potassium acid phthalate (m.wt. 204.2g)
weighed which was then titrated with Ba(OH)2 solution. The titration requires 27.80mL Ba(OH)2
solution. What is the molarity of base? The reaction products include BaC8H4O4 as only Ba
containing species.
Q7. A definite amount of NH4Cl was boiled with 100mL of 0.8N NaOH for complete reaction. After
the reaction, the reactant mixture containing excess of NaOH was neutralized with 12.5mL of
0.75N H2SO4. Calculate the amount of NH4Cl taken.
Q8. H3PO4 is a tri basic acid and one of its salt is NaH2PO4. What volume of 1 M NaOH solution
should be added to 12 g of NaH2PO4 to convert it into Na3PO4?
Q9. Calculate the number of gm. of borax, Na2B4O7.10H2O, per litre of a solution of which 25cc
required 15.6 cc of N/10 hydrochloric acid for naturalization, methyl orange being used as indicator.
In aqueous solution, borax hydrolyses according to the equation:
Na2B4O7 + 7H2O = 2NaOH + 4H3BO3
The liberated boric acid is a weak acid and is without effect on methyl orange.
Q10. 25mL of a solution of Na2CO3 having a specific gravity of 1.25g ml-1 required 32.9 mL of a
solution of HCl containing 109.5g of the acid per litre for complete neutralization. Calculate the
volume of 0.84N H2SO4 that will be completely neutralized by 125g of Na2CO3 solution.

Q11. A solution containing 4.2 g of KOH and Ca(OH)2 is neutralized by an acid. It consumes 0.1
equivalent of acid, calculate the percentage composition of the sample.
Q12. 5gm of a double sulphate of iron and ammonia was boiled with an excess of sodium hydroxide
solution and the liberated ammonia was passed into 50cc of normal sulphuric acid. The excess of
acid was found to require 24.5cc of normal sodium hydroxide for naturalization. Calculate the
percentage of ammonia (expressed as NH3) in the double salt.

Q13. 0.5 g of fuming H2SO4 (oleum) is diluted with water. The solution requires 26.7 ml of 0.4 N
NaOH for complete neutralization. Find the % of free SO3 in the sample of oleum.
Q14. 1.64 g of a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 was dissolved in 50 mL of 0.8 M HCl. The excess of
acid required 16 mL of 0.25 M NaOH for neutralization. Calculate the percentage of CaCO3 and
MgCO3 in the sample.
Q15. 1.5 g of chalk were treated with 10 ml of 4N – HCl. The chalk was dissolved and the solution
made to 100 ml 25 ml of this solution required 18.75 ml of 0.2 N – NaOH solution for complete
neutralisation. Calculate the percentage of pure CaCO3 in the sample of chalk?
Q16. 2.013g of a commercial sample of NaOH containing Na2CO3 as an impurity was dissolved to
give 250ml solution. A 10ml portion of this solution required 20ml of 0.1N H2SO4 for complete
neutralization. Calculate % by weight of Na2CO3.
Q17. Exactly 50 ml of Na2CO3 solution is equivalent to 56.3 ml of 0.102 N HCl in an acid-base
neutralisation. How many gram CaCO3 would be precipitated if an excess of CaCl2 solution
were added to 100 ml of this Na2CO3 solution.
Q18. 6g mixture of NH4Cl and NaCl is treated with 110mL of a solution of caustic soda of 0.63N.
The solution was then boiled to remove NH3. The resulting solution required 48.1mL of a solution
of 0.1N HCl. What is % composition of mixture?
Q19. Calculate the number of gm(a) of hydrochloric acid, (b) of potassium chloride in 1 litre of a
solution, 25cc of which required 21.9cc of N/10 sodium hydroxide for naturalization and another
25cc after the addition of an excess of powdered chalk, required 45.3cc of N/10 silver nitrate for
the complete precipitation of the chloride ion.
Q20. 2.5 gm of a mixture containing NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and NaCl is dissolved in 100 ml water and its
50 ml portion required 13.33 ml 1.0 N HCl solution to reach the equivalence point. On the other
hand its other 50 ml portion required 19 ml 0.25 M NaOH solution to reach the equivalence
point. Determine mass % of each component? (Na2CO3 = 36.38%, NaHCO3 = 31.92%, NaCl =
31.7%)

ANSWER KEY

Acid Base Titration

Q1. 0.381 g Q2. V = 157.8 ml Q3. V = 25 mL Q4. 6.608 g/litre Q5. (i) 0.569N, (ii) 50
Q6. 0.0176M Q7. 3.78g Q8.200 mL Q9. 11.92 g/litre Q10. 470 mL
Q11. KOH = 35%, Ca(OH)2 = 65% Q12. 8.67 Q13. 20.72 %
Q14. MgCO3 = 52.02%, CaCO3 = 47.98 % Q15. 83.33 Q16. 2.63% Q17. 0.575 gm
Q18. % of NH4Cl = 57.5%, % of NaCl = 42.5%
Q19. 3.198 g HCl/litre, 6.974 g KCl/litre
Q20. 0.06gm; 0.0265gm