4.

Circle Time

Ask the children to look at the pictures and encourage them to repeat.
Activity
1

1. The ball is…

SCERT ANDHRA PRADESH

in the box. on the box.

2. The bat is…

in the cupboard. on the cupboard.

UNIT 5 :GRAMMAR
 However difficult life may seem, there is always something you
can do and succeed at.- Stephen Hawking

dawn : early morning before sunrise

eagerly : showing a lot of interest
uneven : not even, not flat, unlevel
console : to comfort someone at the time of grief
astonished : more surprised
insisted : demanded continuously
patting : tapping with hand in appreciation
weeds : unwanted plants
bouquet : a bunch of flowers
wiped : removed

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Class - 5 English Reader
 4

Observe the underlined words in the given sentences.

◆ Her family resides on the foothills of Nallamala forest.
◆ You can weave a variety of cane baskets faster than anyone
else. The words foothills and anyone have two words each.
◆ foothills = foot + hills
◆ anyone = any + one

Let's see some more examples in the given box.

1. sun + flower = sunflower

2. news + paper = newspaper
3. black + board = blackboard
4. rain + bow = rainbow
5. hand + bag = handbag

Such a combination of two or more words to form a new

word is known as a Compound Word.
7
Class - 5 English Reader
I. Let’s identify and underline the compound words in the given sentences.
1. I have many books on my bookshelf.
2. The firemen put out the fire.
3. We wear a raincoat in the rainy season.
4. I got sunglasses as my birthday gift.
5. It is very important to have breakfast in the morning.
II. Now, read the lesson again and
write down any five compound Compound words are written:
words:
As one word with no hyphen.
1) ——————————— e.g. classroom, anyone
2) ——————————— As hyphenated words.
3) ——————————— e.g. mother-in-law, ready-made
As separated words.
4) ——————————— e.g. high school, no one.
5) ———————————

5
Read the following sentences.
◆ The next day the headmaster assembled the Parents’ Committee.
◆ Mallika gave the headmaster a bouquet .
The underlined words in the above expressions are nouns, which identify a
group of people and a group of things. These are called collective nouns.
A collective noun is a word that refers to a group.

Identify and underline the collective nouns in the following sentences.

1. The army of soldiers is trained to battle against the enemies.
2. The troop is headed towards the battle field.
3. The battalion had only a loaf of bread to eat.
4. A tribe of natives fed them with their tubers.
8
Blossoms - 5
 5. They stayed in the forest of trees.
6. The flock of birds flew over the colony.
7. The habitants grazed their cattle in the plains.
8. The swarm of bees attacked the herders.
9. The military saved them from the bees.
10. A little girl thanked them with bouquets.

6
Read the following sentences:
◆ Mallika’s family resides on the foothills of Nallamala.
◆ I wear a uniform.
The underlined words are action words (verbs). The above sentences are
talking about the present situation and situations that happen in general. These
sentences are in the Simple Present form.
Some more examples:
◆ I read a lot. He reads a lot.
◆ She likes ice creams. Her friends like
cakes. What did you notice in the above
sentences?
The underlined action words (verbs) sometimes take an ‘-s’ and sometimes
don’t. Look at the table given below to understand this:

I
You drin
We
They k milk.

read English
He
drinks .
She
It reads
Ranga
9
Class - 5 English Reader
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms:
1. Mallika beautiful pictures. (paint)
2. Her parents always her. (console)
3. Ranga Mallika to reach school. (help)
4. I my homework after school hours. (do)
5. We after completion of our homework.
(play) Sometimes, we express as:
* I don’t do my homework after my school hours.
* He doesn’t play before completion of his homework.

→What do you notice? The underlined words ‘don’t do’ and ‘doesn’t
play’ give negative meanings. Look at the table given below.

I
You
We don’t
They
He cheat others.
She doesn’t
It
Mallika

II. Now, fill in the blanks with ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’.

1. My friend speak Urdu.
2. My father go to market.
3. Our dog eat meat.
4. I use a mobile phone.
5. We like junk food.
10
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Read the sentences and observe the underlined words:
* It’s neither a festival nor her birthday.
* Today is going to be Mallika’s first day at school.
Observe the highlighted APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) in different words.
* In the first sentence, the APOSTROPHE ( ’ ) is used to contract words.
e.g. It’s = It is
* In the second sentence the APOSTROPHE ( ’ )
is used to show the possession.
NOTE: Don’t use
e.g. Mallika’s first day = the first day of Mallika APOSTROPHE with
a) When we contract the words, we say… pronouns like ‘yours’,
‘hers’,
It is mine = it’s mine; she is = she’s;
‘theirs’, ‘its’.
we are = we’re; she has =
For e.g. The tail of the
she’s
cat is black in colour.
It is a cat. Here we should say…
It’s licking its tail. It’s black in colour.

b) Possession in plurals:
We use an apostrophe ( ’ ) after the words if it is a
plural word.
e.g. The high school of boys = Boys’ High
School The school of girls = Girls’ school

c) Irregular plural nouns:

For plural nouns like children, people, men, women etc., the apostrophe
mark ( ’ ) comes after the word itself followed by ‘s’.
children’s books; people’s decision; men’s wear.
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Class - 5 English Reader
d) Singular nouns ending with ‘s’:
* In the case of a singular noun that ends with 's', (possessive 's') is used
after the word.
e.g. orders of the boss = boss's orders.
*In the case of a proper noun, there is a choice
The story of Jesus = Jesus' story / Jesus's story
The poetry of Keats = Keats' poetry / Keats's
poetry

I. Choose and put the apostrophe ( ’ ) in an appropriate place to abridge

the expression and say aloud. One has been done for you.

Can’t I’ve I’ll We’re Let’s

You’re I’d That’s Don’t Couldn’t

e.g. I would = I’d

1. You are = 2. Let us = 3.Do not =
5. Cannot= 6. Could not =
4. I will =
9. That is =
7. We are = 8. I have =
II. Now, use an apostrophe at the right place in the given sentences:
1. My friends bat is broken.
2. Its handle is broken into pieces.
3. So, were going to play kabaddi.
4. Its a short walk from my school
to the playground.
5. There is a signboard at the
entrance reading,‘Childrens
Playground’. 12

Blossoms - 5

vacation : holiday
excited : thrilled
numerous : many
lush : fresh
scarecrow : a human like object in old clothes
laden : weighed down with a load
swaying : move or cause to move slowly
threshing : separating grain
splashing : sound made by something striking into water
pebbles : small smooth and round stones
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Class - 5 English Reader
 4

Let’s revisit the following sentences from the reading text.

1. I got a seat near the window.
2. I have tasted the first mango of the season.
The opposite words for the underlined words are far and last
respectively. Such words which give the opposite meanings are
called antonyms.
Here are some antonyms for you to understand..
less × mor hard × soft
fresh × e thick × thin
beautifu × stale narro × broa
l ugly w d
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined word with its
opposite. One has been done for you.
Example: Our journey started today.
Our journey ended today.
1. The weather was pleasant in the morning.
____________________________________________________.
2. The river was so clean.
____________________________________________________.
3. I sat on a smooth rock.
____________________________________________________.
4. The breakfast was delicious.
____________________________________________________.
5. The mango was tasty.
____________________________________________________.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 4

Read the following sentences carefully.

◆ “There is no one at home. And nothing is there to do. It is very
boring. Let’s go out and do something.” Pallavi said to Santhosh.
In the above sentences, the under lined words i.e., ‘no one’, ‘nothing’
and ‘something’ do not refer to any specific person or thing. Such words
are called Indefinite Pronouns.
These pronouns are used to talk about people, places or things
without saying exactly who, where, or what they are.
 Here is a list of indefinite pronouns referring to people, places and things.
People Places Things
anyone
anywhere anything
anybody
everyone
everywhere everything
everybody
no one
nowhere nothing
nobody
someone
somewhere something
somebody

Now complete the sentences, choosing one of the words.

1. I lost my watch. I’ve looked for it . (everywhere /
anywhere / nowhere)
2. broke the window. (nothing/everywhere/someone)
3. It’s a secret. Don’t tell . (anyone /something/no one)
4. I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find them .
(everything / anywhere / something)
5. The problem is very difficult. knows the answer.
(something / anywhere / nobody)

Let’s revisit the following sentences from the lesson.

◆ Our journey started today.
◆ Pallavi showed me how to play with a tyre and a stick.
In the above sentences, the underlined words are the past forms of the
verbs ‘start’and ‘show’respectively. The above actions really took place and
the speaker expressed the same using the above past form of the verbs. But
sometimes, we need to express certain actions that did not take place.
e.g. It rained yesterday. It did not rain yesterday.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 The negative of the verb form rained is written as did not rain
i.e. did not rain = did + not + rain or didn't + rain (in contracted form)
Here are some more examples.

S.No. Simple Past Simple Past Negative

1. I got your letter. I did not get your letter.
2. Aman helped his father. Aman did not help his father.
3. Sruthi learnt her lesson. Sruthi did not learn her lesson.
4. The lion killed the mouse. The lion did not kill the mouse.
5. We saw a movie last week. We did not see a movie last week.

I. Now change the following into their negatives.

S.no. Simple Past Simple Past Negative

1. The bird flew.
2. He sold the car.
3. She lost her bag.
4. The train left the station.
5. I sang a song.

II. Pallavi has a list of things to complete by last

Monday. But today is Thursday. She completed
some (✓ ) and did not complete some (+).

28
Blossoms - 5
 Read the list and write sentences in the space given below. One has been
done for you.

S.No. Things to ✓ /+ Sentences

do on
Monday

e.g. finish homework ✓ Pallavi finished her homework.

1. make notes +
2. draw diagrams ✓
3. polish shoes ✓
4. buy ribbons +
5. prepare a report +
Now write your diary entry describing how you celebrated Deepawali. Use the hints given below.

(Deepawali - house decoration - new clothes - Lakshmi pooja- colourful

lights - rangoli patterns - burning crackers - enjoyed)
 A
9

We use ‘may’ to say that something is possible.

1. It may rain today. (It is
possible that it will rain
today.)
2. She may come tomorrow.
(There is a possibility of
her coming tomorrow.)
3. The train may be late. (There
is a possibility of train coming
late.)

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Class - 5 English Reader
 4. I may go to Delhi next week.
(There is a possibility of my going to Delhi next week.)
5. He may get good marks. (There is a possibility of his getting
good marks.)
Now work in pairs and role play the following conversation. Give possible
answers for each question. You can ask some more questions.

What do you do this I may watch T.V.

evening?

Which colour dress do you

wear tomorrow?

I forgot my bag. Can you guess

where it may be?

When will the English test be?

When will your father

arrive?

32
Blossoms - 5
 crowing : the characteristic loud cry of a cock.
stream : a small, narrow river.
twitter : a short sound made by birds repeatedly.
cattle : a group of animals with horns and cloven hoofs.
prevailing : existing at a particular time.
doth (old English): do / does
10

Find the rhyming words from the lesson and add a few more.
crowing, flowing, ,
1. twitter, , ,
2. youngest, , ,
3. mountain, , ,
4. sailing,
, ,
Blossoms - 5

34
artisan : a person who does skilled work with hands
delicacy : something good to eat
francs : French currency
discover : find
anxiously : in a nervous way
furiously : in an extremely angry way
clasp : a link or a hook
imitation : a copy (not real)

39
Class - 5 English Reader
 ( )

3
Let’s observe the underlined
words in the following sentence.
◆ Matilda was a pretty and admirable girl.
In the above sentence pretty and admirable are adjectives.
◆ Adjectives describe the nouns.
◆ Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs.
Now, we are going to learn to form adjectives from
verbs.
40
Blossoms - 5
The underlined word admirable is describing Matilda. Admirable is
formed from the words ‘admire + able.
Admire is a verb but it becomes an adjective by adding ‘able’.
Here is a list of verbs which are formed as adjectives by adding suffixes like
able, ful, ible, ent, ant, ive, ing etc.

-ful -able -ible -ent

useful remarkable flexible different

helpful expandable sensible excellent

harmful payable responsible urgent

-ant -ive -ing

pleasant selective amusing

ignorant creative relaxing

resistan talkative surprising

Order of adjectives
Let’s observe the underlined words in the following sentence.
◆ She discovered a beautiful, diamond necklace.
Adjectives generally describe the nouns, but there is an order in using
the adjectives if they are more than one in a sentence.
Order
1. Number (one, two, three…) 6. Opinion (beautiful)
2. Size (big) 7. Age (old)
3. Shape (round) 8. Colour (blue)
4. Origin (Venetian) 9. Material (diamond)
5. Purpose (Shining)
 42
Blossoms - 5
Look at the
following examples. necklace
a
1. necklace
a diamond necklace
a big diamond necklace
a beautiful big diamond
necklace
a beautiful big blue diamond necklace
2.
bag
a bag
a leather bag
a white leather bag
a big white leather
bag
3.
flowers
three flowers
three yellow flowers
three tiny yellow
4. flowers
three lovely tiny yellow flowers

boy
a boy
a little boy
a smart little boy
5

Complete the table by using the examples given above. One has been done for you.

number opinion size colour material

a beautiful big blue diamond

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Class - 5 English Reader
 6

Underline 'Wh'-words in the following sentences.

◆ When did you go to the market?
◆ Why do you trouble me?
◆ Where will you meet him?
◆ How did you spend your holidays?
◆ Whom do they want to elect?
These are called question words. Let’s learn how to use these 'Wh' words.
◆ Who- used for questioning about a person.
◆ What- used for questioning for particular information.
Where
◆ Where –used for questioning about the place. What When
◆ When-used for questioning about the time. Who
Which
◆ Which- used for questioning about the object.
How
◆ How-used for questioning about the manner. Whom
◆ Why-used for questioning a reason.
Why

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The answers for the questions
are given with in brackets.
What, When, Which, Who, Whom, How

1. is your brother? (Who / What)

A: Sujay is my brother.

2. does she finish work? (When / Who) A:

She finishes work at 5 o’clock.
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Blossoms - 5
 3. did you keep your money? (When /
Where) A: I keep money in my purse.
4. will you meet your friend? (Who /
Where) A: I meet my friend at school.
5. much did you pay for that dress? ( How /
when) A: I paid 1000 rupees for the dress.

I. Express your agreement in a polite manner using the phrases given below.

Phrases used to express Phrases used to

agreement: express
u Yes, I do.
disagreement:
I’m sorry.
u
u You are right.
u That’s so u I’m afraid.
u
true. u No, not at
u
Absolutely. all.
u
Exactly. Sure.
u
Okay.
All that glitters is not gold.

Cut your coat according to your cloth.

50
Blossoms - 5
 fortune : luck
callipers : a metal support for weak or injured legs
bliss : happiness
etched : fixed something permanently in
spirituality : appreciation for religious values
give away : to present something
bravery : fearlessness in dangerous situations
disaster : an unexpected natural or man-made event
causing great damage
54
Blossoms - 5
Read the following sentences and observe the underlined words.
1. Abdul Kalam is a dedicated scientist.
2. Abdul Kalam is a committed scientist.
You may observe that both sentences give the same message because of
the underlined words. Such words are called synonyms.
Synonyms are the words which are nearly equal in meaning.
Examples: Kohli is a famous cricketer. The show begins at 6 p.m.
Kohli is a popular cricketer. The show starts at 6 p.m.

Read the story and observe the underlined words.

One day an ant found a small block of
jaggery. Immediately it signalled his friends
about the food. Within no time, a series of ants
started rolling the block towards the ant hill.
The ant hill was in between two coconut trees.
On their way they crawled across a wall and
over a small twig and crawled along some
saplings in a garden. Finally they broke the
block of jaggery into pieces and carried them
into the ant hill.
The underlined words are prepositions and
they denote movement. Hence they are
called prepositions of movement.

Examples:
1. The aeroplane is flying above the clouds.

2. She is riding her bicycle along the road.

3. A man is swimming across the river.

6
 Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions of movement choosing the
word given in the bracket. One has been done for you.
e.g. I like to walk along the canal. (along / over)
1. The cat jumped the stool. (in / over)
2. The earth is revolving the sun. (around / over)

58
Blossoms - 5
 3. The train is passing the tunnel. (out / through)
4. The girl is walking the road. (in / across)
5. They are going the building. (towards / on)
6. There is a cat two tables. (along / between)

Read the following sentences.

* Kalam likes to spend time with children.
* Hard work comes first.
The underlined words in the above sentences tell us about an action that is
repeated or event that takes place regularly. These verbs are always in simple
present tense.
I. Tick (✓) the sentences that are written in the simple present tense
and underline the words. One has been done for you.
1. Now, read the other sentences that are not
ticked:
* I once worked with doctors.
* They started running.
* He taught us in his lectures how birds fly.
The above underlined verbs speak about things that have already taken place.
The verbs are in simple past tense.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 Let’s see the comparison between simple present tense and simple past tense.
Simple present tense Simple past tense
work worked
favour favoured
like liked
peel peeled
teach taught
start started

II. Complete the sentences with the simple present as well as simple past
forms of the verbs given in brackets. One has been done for you.
e.g. Kalam likes to spend time with children. (like) (simple present)
Kalam liked to spend time with children. (like) ( simple past)

1. The teacher real life examples. (show) (simple present)

The teacher real life examples. (show) (simple past)

2. Fortune the hard working. (favour) (simple present)

Fortune the hard working. (favour) (simple past)

3. They running. (start) (simple present)

They running. (start) (simple past)

4. He us in his lectures how birds fly. (teach) (simple

present) He us in his lectures how birds fly. (teach) (simple

past)

60
Blossoms - 5
Let’s read the following sentences. Identify the punctuation mark ( , ) used
in the given sentences.
1. I worked with doctors, scientists, politicians and students.
2. I was taught English, Science, Mathematics and Tamil by our
teachers. Read and observe the commas used in the above sentences.

A comma (,) is used to denote a pause. Look at the picture and find out
where we usually use comma (,) while writing a sentence.

A comma is used to
A comma is used
separate a list of
before a
three or more items
quotation.
e.g. All students
have to bring pen, e.g. Abdul Kalam said,
pencil and book. "Try to find good
things in others."

Comma is used
A comma is
between the
used when
date and year.
someone is
e.g. Akshada was born called directly.
on 26 August, 2019.
e.g. Samanvi,
come here.

I. Rewrite the following sentences inserting commas wherever

necessary. Underline where comma is inserted. One has been done
for you.
e.g. Akshada visited Delhi Mumbai Agra and Kolkata.
Akshada visited Delhi, Mumbai, Agra and Kolkata.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 1. My mother bought fruits sweets and new clothes for the festival.
…………………………………………………………………………
2. My mother says “Do not tell lies.”
…………………………………………………………………………
3. My date of birth is 26 August 2010.
………………………………………………………………………
4. Fathima please help me.
………………………………………………………………………
Let’s revisit the following sentences from the lesson. Identify the
punctuation marks ( “…” ) used in the given sentences.
1. There is a famous saying, "God helps those who help themselves."
2. There is another saying, “Hard work leads to success.”
Read and observe the quotation marks used in the above sentences.
Quotation marks:

“ ”
We use quotation marks to
enclose the exact
words of a speaker, a quotation
or sayings.

(i) The first letter in the quotation marks should always be a capital letter.
(ii) A comma is always to be placed before the quotation marks.
Quotation marks are always to be used in pairs (“….”). It is wrong
to use only one quotation mark.
II. Rewrite the following sentences inserting quotation marks and
commas wherever necessary. One has been done for you.
1. Sri Vidya asked will you give your pencil?
Sri Vidya asked, “Will you give your
pencil?”
62
Blossoms - 5
2. Teacher asked what is your name?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. My sister cried I want two chocolates.
…………………………………………………………………………
4. Pavan said I will submit my progress report tomorrow.
…………………………………………………………………………
5. Who will answer this question? the teacher asked in the class.
…………………………………………………………………………
6. Sravan asked what can I do for you?
…………………………………………………………………….......

running : flowing
stream : a small narrow river
blooms : flowers
shiuli flower : parijatha flower

jubilant : showing great happiness

logical : following the rules or facts
commitment : dedication to a cause
enthrall : take complete attention
concerts : a public musical performances
passion : strong feeling or desire
 enhance : increase
magnificent : extremely impressive and deserving

Answer the following questions.

1. Who talks Now, write sentences of your own using the given words. One has
been done for you:
e.g. excited: (thrilled)
Raju was excited with the gift from his father.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 1. faith: (trust)
___________________________________________________.
2. occasion: (a particular event)
___________________________________________________.
3. passion: (strong emotion)
___________________________________________________.
4. exhibit: (display)
___________________________________________________.
5. urge: (a strong desire)
___________________________________________________.

Read the following sentences.

1. Don’t compromise, you can do it.
2. I can dance well.
3. I could exhibit my courage by fighting against the British.
What did you observe in the two sentences about the use of
the words‘can’and ‘could’?
In the first and second sentences, ‘can’ is used to express the
‘ability’. In the third sentence, ‘could’ is used to express the ‘ability
in the past’.
Let’s see some more expressions about the use of the words 'can', 'could',
'can’t' and 'couldn’t':
Can I take your pen? (asking for permission)
Yes, you can take my pen. (giving
permission) I can sing, but can’t dance.
(ability - inability)
Could you lend me your pen? (asking permission in a more polite
manner) I could run fast when I was younger. (general ability in the
past)
I couldn’t talk till I was five. (general inability in the past)
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 The highlighted words 'can', 'can’t', 'could', 'couldn’t' are
modal auxiliaries.

Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets.

1. Raju is a clever boy, and he solve any problem. (can / can’t)
2. Last night, I was so ill that I sleep. (can’t / could n’t)
3. John ride a bicycle, when he was eight. (could / can)
4. The sweet tasted good. I stop eating. (can’t / couldn’t)
5. Rafi can play carroms, but he play chess. (can / can’t)
6. Children play chess in their free time. (couldn’t / can)

After the school day celebrations, Ameena and her parents met the school
headmaster and expressed apology for being absent for long.
Here are some ways of expressing apology.
◆ I am sorry!
◆ Please, forgive me!
◆ Please, accept my apology!
◆ I beg your forgiveness!
◆ I am sorry, it will not repeat again!

traveller : a person who is travelling

customer : a person who buys things
magistrate : judge in a law court
Scholar : a learned person
pennies : coins (money)
 against : in opposition to
journey : an act of travelling

Read the following statements and observe the underlined words.

u The meat balls in the pot are giving a delicious smell.
u I want to meet my teacher.
Did you find any difference between the underlined words?
Are the underlined words same in meaning?
Are they same in
pronunciation? Are they same
in spelling?
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Class - 5 English Reader
 Yes, both the words are pronounced in the same way, but they are
different in spellings and meanings, such words are called
homophones.
3

Read the following sentences.

◆ The poor traveller is continuing his journey.
Observe the underlined words. Both the subject (The poor traveller) and
the verb (is) are in the singular form. This is the way how the subject and the
verb in a sentence should agree with each other.
This means that the verb in a sentence must agree with the subject in number
and person.
Now read the following sentences.
1. The pot is on the fire.
2. Several people are sitting in the eating-house.
3. “I am very hungry,” the poor man thought.
4. “You are not supposed to stand here,” the eating-house keeper told
the poor man.
5. The poor man was walking.
6. The meatballs were giving a good smell.
The words underlined, show that the verb is agreeing with the subject. It
means that singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take
plural verbs.
We use ‘is’ when the subject is singular and ‘are’ when the subject is plural.
We use ‘am’ with the personal pronoun ‘I’ and ‘are’ with the pronoun ‘you’
when the verb is in present tense. We use ‘was’ when the subject is singular
and ‘were’ when the subject is plural. ‘Was’ is used with the pronoun ‘I’ and
‘were’ is used with the pronoun ‘you’ when the verb is in past tense.
4
I. Complete the following sentences with is / am / are / was / were
1. I a student.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 2. The cows grazing in the field.
3. Teja busy at work yesterday.
4. The monkey on a tree.
5. The boy going to school.
6. The flowers colourful.
7. Where you last week?
8. She unwell last month.
9. Vijay my cousin.
10. I good at drawing.

II. In the present tense, nouns and verbs combine in an interesting way.
Nouns take ‘-s’ to the singular to become plural. But verbs drop ‘s’ from
the singular form to agree with plural subject; personal pronouns ‘I’ and
‘you’ follow the same rule as plurals.
The crane eats fish cranes eat fish

singular singular plural plural

–S +S +S –S
Now fill in the blanks choosing the right form of the verbs from the brackets.
1. His classmates (study / studies) before a test.
2. A lady (live / lives) in a distant village.
3. One of the cookies (smell / smells) nice.
4. Cats (chase / chases) rats.
5. Everybody (enjoy / enjoys) a good song.
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 5 Look at the pictures and read the sentences given below.

Past time Present time Future time

I was a child. I am a girl now. I shall be

a woman.

The first picture describes the past time. The second picture describes
the present time and the third picture describes the future time. It is clear
from the above pictures that she was a child in the past, is a girl at present
and will be a woman in future.
NOTE
Formation of simple future tense We use simple future
tense to express an
action that is going to
I
take place in future
+ shall + verb in base form time.
We
e.g. I shall come; We shall write.

You

He
+ will + verb in base form.
She
It e.g 1. You will sing a song at tomorrow’s party.
The .
y 2. He will dance in a programme next week.

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 NOTE
3. She will cook tomorrow.
In the simple future,
4. He will visit Delhi next month. the main verb is
5. They will go to Chennai next week. always in its base
form.
Formation of simple future negative :

I
+ shall + not + verb in base form
NOTE
W
e In the simple future
negative, the main
You He She It They
verb is always in its
base form.
+ will + not + verb in base form.

Write negative sentences in future simple tense using the verbs ‘play’,
‘speak’ and5‘watch’.
e.g. I shall not play tomorrow.
We ______________________________________________
You ______________________________________________
She ______________________________________________
It ______________________________________________
They ______________________________________________

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 camphor : karpooram (in Telugu)
virtuous : having excellent moral character
pompous : affectedly grand
reverberate : to ring with many echoes
melody : sequence of musical tones
bounteous : generous

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chant : a repeated clear sound of the word Kabaddi... Kabaddi...
in one single breath during raid by the raider
organization : an organized group of people with a
particular purpose
widely : far apart
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Class - 5 English Reader
 equipment : the items needed for a particular activity
agility : ability to move
muscular : relating to the muscles
opponent : someone who competes with
raider : a person who attacks the opposite team
tackle : to make an opponent fall to the ground in order to
stop them running
Olympics : a modern international sports competition,
held once every four years.

I. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined words.

* We can hear the chant ‘Kabaddi... Kabaddi... Kabaddi...’ mostly in
the villages of India.
* A court is designed on the ground with prescribed measurements.
1. Equipment and material are the words with similar meanings.
2. Prescribed and recommended are the words with similar
meanings. These words are called synonyms.
Here are some synonyms for you.
popular = famous exchange =
interchange
widely=broadly
promote=develop
II. Choose and write the correct synonym from the box given below.
shado listengrippower kee
w n
1. hold : ______________
 2. hear : ______________
3. strength : ______________
4. shade : ______________
5. sharp : _______________

I. Let’s revisit the following words from the lesson.

◆ player = play (verb) + er (suffix) = player (noun)
◆ raider = raid (verb) + er (suffix) = raider (noun)
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Class - 5 English Reader
 The above words player and raider are formed by adding ‘-er’ to the root
word. We call such part of the word as a suffix. A suffix is a part of the word
that is added at the end of a root word. Adding a suffix at the end of a word
changes the word meaning.
◆ paint+ er = painter- one who paints.
◆ preach + er = preacher - one who
◆
clean + er = preaches.
cleane - one who
r cleans.

Root word (verb) Suffix New word

teach teacher
listen
speak
dance - er
hunt
sing
farm
shoot

II. Similarly we can add some more suffixes like -able, -ful, -ness, -less, -ment
etc. to the root words to get new words.
Examples:
u understand + able = understandable
u success + ful = successful
u great + ness = greatness
u faith + less = faithless
u develop + ment = development

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III. Make new word by joining the given suffix to the root word and
write in the blanks below.
1. remark + able = ________________
2. read + able = ________________
3. hope + ful = ________________
4. grate + ful = ________________
5. fair + ness = ________________
6. mad + ness = ________________
7. care + less = ________________
8. help + less = ________________
9. entertain + ment = ________________
10. improve + ment = ________________
5

I.
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Class - 5 English Reader
I. Let’s revisit the following sentences from the reading text.
· A small space with an even surface is just enough to play the game.
Therefore the game can be played easily everywhere.
We use some words or a group of words to connect one sentence or
idea with another. The underlined word performs some functions. And
this is called a linker. A few linkers are given below.
Function Linkers
example for example, such as.
similarity in the same way, similarly
difference but, although
time at the same time , after that
addition and, as well as
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Read the following sentences and observe the underlined words.
1. Kavya dressed beautifully.
2. Mohan walked slowly.
In sentence 1, the word beautifully describes the way Kavya
dressed. In sentence 2, the word slowly describes the way Mohan
walked.
The words, which describe the way or the manner in which an action
occurs, are called adverbs of manner.
NOTE
Most of the adverbs of manner end in ‘–ly’. They
Adverbs of manner
are usually formed from adjectives by adding ‘- answers the
ly’. If we add’-ly’ to the noun, we get an question ‘How’. i.e.,
adjective. how the action
happens or
man – time -
happened.
manly timely
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e.g. great + ly= greatly
sweet + ly = sweetly
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 57

We use different expressions to talk about our plans for the future.These plans
are spontaneous and pre-decided plans.

I. We use ‘will’ to talk about spontaneous plans decided at the moment

of speaking. See the following examples.
◆ I am feeling hungry; I will get snacks for myself.
◆ It is cloudy; I think the cricket players will stop the game.
◆ I am busy right now; I will call you tomorrow.
II. We use ‘going to’ to talk about plans decided before the moment
of speaking. See the following examples.
◆ I am going to wear my tracksuit for tomorrow’s games.
◆ I am going to buy a new cricket bat for the upcoming matches.
◆ I am going to participate in the state-level competitions next
month. Express your future plans in the following situations.
1. You are planning to learn swimming in summer.
2. You are planning to form a kho-kho team for the next
interschool competitions.
3. You are planning to organize a sports day next week.
4. You are planning to clean your playground tomorrow.
5. You are planning to play a football match next period.

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 presents : gifts
prison : jail
sermon : a talk on a moral subject
doling out : to give or deliver in small portions
imagine : suppose or assume
stolen : won
fortunate : lucky
room for : place for / opportunity for
serene : calm or peaceful
unruffled : not disordered
rest : remaining
contain : carry

I. Answer the following questions.

1. On what occasion did Nehru write this letter to his daughter Indira?
2. Wh
 3

3. Let’s revisit the following words from the lesson

◆ unafraid and unruffled
These are opposite words for 'afraid' and 'ruffled' respectively. Such words or
phrases which give opposite meanings are called antonyms.
Here are some other antonyms for you.

truth × untruth,
light × lie

brave × dark

never × timid
always

Now collect the antonyms for the following words. Your teacher will help you.

S. No. Word Antonym

1 great
2 wise
3 fortunate
4 right
5 little
6 dislike
7 easy
8 hide
9 friends
10 unworthy

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Class - 5 English Reader
 4

Let’s revisit the following words from the lesson.

Word Silent letter Pronounced as

know K ‘noh’
should L ‘shud’
talking L ‘taw king’

Silent letters are the letters in words that are not pronounced but make a
huge difference to the meaning and sometimes the pronunciation of the whole
word.
Most of these silent letters were pronounced for centuries and then they
became silent but the spelling was already fixed with them.

Some more silent letters

Word Silent letter Pronounced as
should L ‘shud’
Wednesday D ‘venz·dei’
calf L ‘kaaf’
pneumonia P ‘nyoo·moh·ni·uh’
castle T ‘ka·sl’
knight K ‘night’
could L ‘kud’
match T ‘mach’
bomb B ‘bom’
often T ‘aw·fen’
knee K ‘nee’
hour H ‘our’
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 Now read the following words and identify the silent letters. Your teacher
will support you with the help of the dictionary.

S.No Word Silent letter

1. autumn
2. honest
3. through
4. comb
5. knife
6. soften
7. psychology
8. would

I. Let’s revisit the following sentences from the lesson:

◆ I have always thought….
◆ Out of the discussion, sometimes a little bit of truth comes out.
◆ Never do anything in secret.
In the above sentences, the underlined words show how often something
happens. Such words are called adverbs of frequency.

Adverbs of frequency are often used to indicate routine or repeated

activities, so they are often used with the simple present tense.
Read the following sentences and observe the underlined adverbs of frequency.
1. We go on a vacation at least once annually.
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Class - 5 English Reader
 2. I usually shop for groceries on Sunday mornings.
3. Raju is often late for work.
4. We seldom see Sravan.
5. My doctor advised me that I should brush my teeth twice daily.

Let’s revisit the following sentences from the lesson.

◆ “What present can I send you from Naini prison”?
◆ “How can a letter contain it?”
A question mark (?) is a punctuation mark, or a symbol, that shows
that a question has ended. Question marks can also be known as
interrogation points as they end sentences where an answer or response is
expected. A question often starts
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with one of the following words -who, what, when, where, why or how, but
question marks can be used with sentences that start with other words also.
Full Stops & Question Marks
◆ Question marks are used to mark the end of a question.
◆ Full stops mark the end of statements.

In the following sentences, either a full stop or a question mark is

missing. Add the correct punctuation mark and rewrite the sentences.
1. Why is Charan crying
________________________________________________
2. Aunty and uncle are going out to dinner
_______________________________________________
3. The end of the story was very sad
_______________________________________________
4. Our new dog’s name is Jenny
_______________________________________________
5. Who is your favourite cricket player
_______________________________________________

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 overcome : success in dealing
deep : strong
believe : to think that a fact is true
hand in hand : connected, together

I. Answer the following questions:

Quotes by Jawaharlal Nehru

u "Children are like buds in a garden and should be

carefully and lovingly nurtured, as they are the
future of the nation and the citizens of tomorrow."
u "There is perhaps nothing so bad and so dangerous
in life as fear."

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UNIT 6: GRAMMER