Week-& Mathematics for Data Science - 2 Rank of a matrix and Linear ‘Transformation Graded Assignment Solution 1. A function T ; V + W between two vector spaces V and W is said to be a linear transformation if the following conditions hold: # Condition 1: T(v + v2) = T(v1) + T(v2) for all vs, v2 € V. * Condition 2: T(cv) = cP'(v) for all v € V and ce RB. Consider the following function: RR 1. Be ify=0 = Vay ify Zo ‘Which of the following statements is true? © Option 1 © Option 2: Condition 1 does not hold. \dition 1 holds © Option 3: Condition 2 holds © Option 4; Condition 2 does not hold, Sotukion, Given map is The4)= ~ tf Y=0 44 y 440. K Godtion 1 Tyryl= Wyj+T(4) box all YneV Hene Va R2 and W=R- Toke Vi=(%1,4,) ) Va=(%o4,) eRe We want to Know Whether TitvalaT ((%2.49) + Meeryad=T ker, get) The (v2)S Theale Tg), Foe all Mad), Mo4 RAF) Ub the above tre above equahty is tue Fox al Vy vate then Mt Grow sakicyy fox VYW=(Lol, Vo=(p, 1) } thak 15 TA + (671)) L V(L.o)+T (6,2) > Ti1,1) 2 to\tT ho, vy —O hee 4D v6 Taina Eatin maa BAS %ADBIS TVWr,0)+ Tot) = 3+4=4- t “ by debinition. by desinition eat ¢ ore iy 4=0 b4rO LHS heme RHS OF BG 7 cayality in eqD) does not held. Henle the Condition ©) iS Nob Sahthied by T. 2Condition 22: T(cv)=c Tv) fox alt veV andceR. Take U=(%,4) GIR? Kant to check’. 5 Tev)= T(ex,c4) == CTH,4). Subsase-1 4=O° © rey) = Flee s0)=3eK=C3H= CTH =CT(v) lea The .4)=3%- Subcase-2. Y4o Tee T (oe 164) = ACY = CAy=C THY) = CT(v) Ty L Teed ¥] 20 tmdition2. hads.E ke EB é = 8 4 8 & S ), (0, 1,0), (1,0,1)} ix rep- ed basis of for the rang resentation of 5 for both domain and range. Which of the following are true? © Option 1: A= Isx3 ie, identity matrix of order 3 © Option 2: A is a singular matrix. 10 0 © Option 3: A= ]o 1 0 10-1 © Option 4: det(A) = 1 © Option 5: det(A) = -1 oor © Option 6: A=| 0 1 0 101 Solution: at Given. inboumakion. 1 the GFyestion is: 4 0 oO ero 1 ° 1S Me Webwe Tepsesentabon of T WSt the Otdened. bores B= 3(1.,0,1) (0,1.,0) {o, 0, 0g box tthe demein. and. ¥=$(1,0, 0),(0/1,0), (1,0,1)& bow the Mange Using ne bove inbonuahyn ve con wnite the egpliat Usebraic expression bot T T(1,0,1) = L(1,0,0}+ 0(0)1,0)+ 0(2,0,1)=(2,0,0) O- T (0,110) = O(1,0,0) +4 [o,1, 0) +0 (1, 2 1)= (1,0) T (0,0,1)= 0(1,0,0)+ O(oy1,0) + 1(140, 1)= (1,0) 1)Fom@y T(i,0, )=T((1,0;11- (00,1) = T(1,0/2) Tee = (1,0, )—-(1,0,1) =(0,0,-1) From © ©: T(H14,B)= TG, 0,0)+ Y (0) V0) +2 (0.0.0) = THbo, 0)+ Tyo.o)) + T(Z(0,0,1)) = ¥T(1,0,0) +4T(0,1,0) + ET(0,0,1) = €(0)0,-1) +4 (0, 1,0) FE (1,02) = (2,4, Z-¥) T(,0) o)= (0, 0-1) =0(1, 0,0) + B(b)1, ) +-4(0/0,-1) T(0)2,0) = ( t,0)= O(1,0, 0)41Jo)1,0) +0 (010. Teo, N= (t,0/1)= 1(1,0,0) +0(9)0/1)+ 1(0,0/1) The matrix Tepseperbabon. oy T west the slandand. bases tor both domain. and Co-demain. iS C6 and dck(a\=1. ou r [fool3. Match the linear transformations and sets of vectors in column A with the images of ‘those sets under the linear transformation in column B and the geometric representations of both sets in column CTan Tor af Seas epee (Caran 8) (Column C) j TR oR 9 y 109] r-Joio Sets $= {(e,n2) [2+ 9t2= 1) nis Ks ) TR oR ¥ [rs)=(euelet 2 10 0 Sets $= {lage} [249+ ‘s) ToR oR o| 718) sovay |) Tel | St $= (ley) Fey} s ww) Toma? ala 19 rely Set: $= {(2.9) |F4y=1) Table: M2W8G1 Choose the correct options from the following,© Option isd 42,ii+bo4 © Option 2: i+ b+ 4, ii +d 2. © Option 3: iii > a > 1, iv +e > 3. © Option 4: iii +a > 3,iv oe O11 lution. R Solution. 1) Matnixe sonm Ob the Linear. tnansbomadion. T: IR3—>R?3 5 v iT oO Kw Bendmes Tl 2(5 4 ‘(3 ( 2) =a) 22 3)\Z, 2es2 4438 Given. Seb 1S $= ue [ergre=12 MryteaL ip Za 1-K-g > S=3x,4, 1-4) |x 4eRd Le yay “et 91Lo 222 Fd, Lee S f {3 : sa ecdere Te 2etay 3 ay Byla acy, bay ceany. > atprc=s (S)= 3 Ce, 3-4-«)| %,4ERS=3 (ab, c) | a+b+c=3 4a,b,c6R} Thenchome (6) and S tepnesent two disbnck Parallel Planes - S054) li) THaz= lesa ke o- 2) Here = eel -e-w)| ¥/4eRd le Dele, 4, Ie a mies CoeA = (4, eFy-1), Ts)= 3p, 4s 44-1) Hy Y4|ERs = $layb-c)| aro-c=1% Both S$ and T(5) represen wo distinet Plenes ane. thay One nol Panalich: Thenebone. they wil) Ineset each chen. 1 @ Line. => d= 2in eG “Mp S=3(v,4) ergo dd = Sir |KERZ Le va(vI-eS Ty) = +16 TO) TA=3(, v4) freRg= 3(a,b) \a-b= 13 S and Ts) represent two dotinek lines and thug tant ab the Point (1,0). Mt) > a) > 2) H Tea =[e IG S= 3.044) [regard = 9 (x 1-4) (eer? Vake v= (@, I-WES T= (% ETS) r(e)= 3(«, We) ER? = 3(a,b1| a-b=-13 S and TS) twe dtc liney Tey interdet at (0/1).G) conse a linear transformation S'; Mz(R) -> M,(IR) such that S(A) = AT. Let B be the matrix repr ation of S with respect to the ordered bases: {fo oho a} ol-L s]} of Mz(R). Choose the set of correct options: © Option 1: The order of the matrix B is 2 x 2 © Option 2: The order of the matrix B is 4x 4 © Option 3: The dimension of the row space of the matrix B is 4 © Option 4: T © Option 5: The nullity of the matrix B is 1 e dimension of the colunm space of the matrix B is 3. O Option 6: The rank of the matrix B is 4 O Option 7: S$ is surjective. Sowbion: M,,,(IR) = The Set of all 2x2 matuces 5 fe bl (ab aderR eles] Any anbitany clemenk FE Sle) con ve ite % al Lo ol oOo oO -a +b ca el Role | 4b ‘| D Eveny clement ob May (R) Can he writen a6 A Lnean Combination Of the elamenks oly the BLEW EslE> Farl(Ql= o,.(R) Cam- his abasis oy Mayo (RR) , Thats iS ') SpanlG)= Moyo (R) (wehare ered ts). G Z) 6-16 Lineanly independent Thee ete 7 ole el ly elle ead > EbB doors ‘Licon Combination ty the elements or 8 is ofa P.. 3 iG the Zeno element Oly the Veokoe Space ude iy, A the Slalans inthe Linear Combination ane Zeno- Henle is a basis bos wy, (R) and dam(Male))z4Now: THESE Sho chefs Shel It “eiedRathe fo elt Aa chro *) EDL -E Eek Job deg ut) aed pe SO the maknit. tepsetentation of T v&t the Otdened- basis ff, 15 + + g _l1 000 ~“loo10 0100 coOOL Rew TMedutecl echelon. borum OA oder 4. 4B \S the. Identity, acm. P OPhon2, ephonS and. option & ane Commack @ dam? s u,(R)—>M{R) A st IS bot, Me-oe Anel on-toSuppo Se. (A) =O (Zee madre) DS>AT=0 =>A=0 (i e Wy Manspese of a mati 1S a Zeme maki then. Me onginal Wratu% (S also A Lene matnir). H\=0 Ir A=0 > SiS one-ore. KH Lee BE Cdemain(S)=m,(R) Take BTC domain (6)=M{R) Set)=(p =p S Sic sunjectre. Henle. S iG On iSsermexsplsin - phim © Coomeck-‘onsider the following statements: « Statement 1: Consider a linear transformation T : R° + Rt such that T is not injective. Then rank(T) < 3 * Statement 2: If 7’: V > W is a linear transformation, whose matrix representa- op # Qa 7 tion with respect to some ordered bases is given by the matrix {1 0 7}, where a, 87 € RB \ {0} * Statement 3: If 7: R° + R° is a linear transformation such that T(r, y,z) = (2x — 2, 3y — 22, 2,0), then {(-3, 1, 1, 0), (1, -5, 1, 0), (8, 5, -1, 0)} is a basis of the image space. .en the rank of the linear transformation T is 3. # Statement 4: If: M,(R) + M,(R) is a linear transformation such that T(A) = -1 1 1 0) for PA, where A € Mp(R) and P [ 1 |: then {{i ° [° 0 } is a basis of -1 Write down the statement numbers corresponding to the correct statements in increasing order the kernel [Note: Suppose should be 124. Sim nt 2 and Stat should be 23. In this list one or more than one any space Sebation Rank -Nullky theorem: Typ Ti Vs ts a Linean. tnansyornation. then Renk(T) + Naty (tl=dim(v) den (0 (r}) dh eat (r)) Statemenk 7: R3—s 1X4 anh T-is not njective Ker(T)+ © > dim(Ker(T)) =Nallty (1) > 1 by Wank-nulldy , Rank(t) tnulity(r) = chim (R3)=3> Rank(t)= B-nulitylr) < 3 (> natty (r)>, 1). - Stakemenk-L 'S Conreck K TIV-SW 6 a bread ‘nanshomabon dim{vl=n. dim(W)=m. let B be the mabuy. tepsesentabion of T wih nespeck to Some atdened basis Y and Ordered basis th “Then the oftder off tre maknie Bie MxXKn Statement 2) TI VSIA and. te medbuie. tepnesentation. AT is From &), dirrV=dinvsi = 3 | Now dc&(®@)=0 S T-i5 Net (nverbble | By rank» Rank( T+ Nullity(T) =3 =cim(v). nuaty 6 Ty Rank{r\=3 = nulity[T)=3-3-0 RenklT)=3 4 dm(Wl22 > TIS Serche - Nullity(T]=0 => T-iS6 one-one. Plism. which ‘Spot <—~ m> Ranklt) Can not be 3. Stakement: 2 1S Nok Gmneck. Statement 3: TRB pA (2A )= (-3,1,1,0). T(t4,%) = (2e-2, 34-22, 2,0) T(t) =$(2x-2, 34-22, 2,0)|%,4,Z€ wee =3 ow, 0, ©, O)t (0, 34,0, 0) +(-2 , -22, 2,0) [xqp2erRg =3xQ2, ©, 0,0) +4(0,3,0,0) F2(4,-2, Lol %4, BER = Span 3a, 0,0,0) , (8) 3,0/D) ,(-1,-2,1,0) S$ OMe Con Check, tat the Set S= 3(2,0, 0/0) ,(0/3,9/0), C1,-2,4,0%-15 Uneanly Meepencent. > SiS a basis por Tir} >be ob =3| Wank to Krow- Where BEB 63,21, 1,0), (1,-S, 1,0) [2,5,-L,Olg 1 D bass fox TIm(1+) ox not 2,Corsinuek a madmy. Uning the elements of B 1 3 7 (1 - L-S5 1 3 5 RyerRel y 23 Rg-Ri og 2 “eB 1a tid 2 1 0lRstsRi lo c -c} ERs | o 4 O 06 0 oo Ceo Oo ‘4 Beal -s 5 ia 1-55 DL Ay) A™PL\0 1a \ ea o Oo a4 oO FV ate non- Zep lo 0 Oo Coo P Bis a Unesaly independent Set > dim (Span{a))=2. T(-2,1,1,0)= A, 0) & Dnt) T(t, a)1,0)= (4-5, 1,0) € Im(7) TUL 11-110) = (3, 5,40) © Tm(r) > SciImG)=> Span(p) CIm(t), but both have Same climension > Dalr)=Span(p). Sine Bis bincanly independent >B-iS a bass box Im(r). Prakemenk 4. TIAI=PA Whene. P(r | Trey ALE a “ED UE HE 7 90 FTES) AB EIS amt enone oh eet my fo @! lL -1 > e 5{ 8 kenfr).1 Comprehension Type Question: Suppose a bread-making machine B makes 6 breads from 2 eggs, 3 (in hundreds) grams hundreds) grams of wheat, and 2 (in hundreds) grams of sugar, and 10 breads from 5 eggs, 5 (in hundreds) grams of wheat, and 3 (in hundreds) grams of sugar. Suppose the production of breads is a linear function of the amount of eggs, wheat (in hundreds), and sugar (in hundreds) used as raw ingredients. Based on the above data answer the following questions Suppose «x eggs, y (in hundreds) grams of wheat, and z (in hundreds) grams of sugar are used as the raw materials to produce ax + by + cz number of breads. We can express this as follows: of wheat, and 1 (in hundred) grams of sugar. B also makes 8 breads from 3 eggs, 4 (in T: RoR T(x,y,2) = ar + by + cz where the co-ordinates in R* denote the number of eggs, amount (in grams) of wheat (in hundreds), and amount (in grams) of sugar (in hundreds). Observe that T is a linear trans- formation. 6) Choose the correct set of options from the the following, (MsQ) © Option 1: Nullity(T) =1 © Option 2: Rank(T) = © Option 3: Nullity( © Option 4: Rank(T) = © Option 5: Nullity(T © Option 6: Rank(T) = 3 © Option 7: T is neither one to one nor onto, © Option 8: 7 is one to one but not onto © Option 9: T is onto but not one to one. © Option 10: T is an isomorphism Solution; expression fr, T! Rs is We. 4, zsa‘rby+cz Lunch NepriesentS Breads prvduled by the macnine . Giventhak the machine makes, & breads from 2.2446 , 3{inburdral) Frans oly vineak, & Lin Nurdneds) gram ob Sugatt, thak Is, Tlaan\=e > Braprc =e —O Sirnitany uaing ‘he other information We gck “nd B4+4b420=9 -—DSat obr3c+10 From @, @i@ we He a=0,b=2,C=0 > Te,412) =24 TiS a Lincen map Mom RP to R- Tm(1)=R- 2 Rank(T)=1=dim(Q. = T-1S on-to by wanke-rulity: Matty (q=2. > V-'6 Vet one-reVy Choose the set of correct statements. (MsQ) © Option 1: If 4 eg is used, then 9 by © Option 2: If 4 eggs and 2 (in hundreds) grams of sugar is used, and no wheat is used, then no bread is produced and 2 (in hundreds) grams of sugar is used, and no wheat, re produc © Option 3: If only 3 (in hundreds) grams of wheat is used, then 6 breads are produced. © Option 4: If3 (in hundreds) grams of wheat and 1 (in hundred is used, and no egg is used, then no bread is produced. © Option 5: If 3 (in hundreds) grams of wheat and 1 (in hundred) grams of sugar is used, and no egg is used, then 6 breads are produced, grams of sugar Pawbion. a(x, 4, B= 24 Phn-182. T(4,0,2)= 0 > We Pread 6 produced Ophon 1 -ig nof Gmnek 4 option -2 iS Connect - Phon-3 T[0,2,01=6 => Sqnam(In hundneds) is Weck to Predute, G breads Oton. 435 T(0/3,1)=G > Option-4 ic notlowneck. Dophon-S iG tonne’G) . How many breads are produced by the machine from 6 eggs, 10 (in hundreds) grams of wheat, and 5 (in hundreds) grams of sugar? [Answer: 20) Sdusion. - Ve 4 2] =24 > T(é,\0, 5\= 20 TWeretone 20 breads Can be Pledealed. Liming the a ven. n the 4yestion9 Let T be a linear transformation from R‘ to IR’. Suppose a basis for the null space of T ectors. How many linearly independent vectors are needed to form a basis for the range of T [Answer : 2 Solution. Tp _—s ge by Tank-wility Renk(T) +Nality(r)=dim(iRA)=4 A basis for the mul Sale. of T has 2 vectoss => Nulity(T=2 => Rank (tT) = 4—-Nafity(T) =2 Thenelyone. two Uncanly dependents Veclovs ane needed Jo bonm a basis fore Mange ob 7.Let T' be a linear transformation trace of A. What is the nullity Answer : 3 ) Let M be the set of all skew-symmetric matrices of order 3. Then M forms a vector seal n 2 space under matrix addition from M to R defined by T(A) of T? Solution A iS Skew-Symmebwc Ib A=-A Oa b General. bron. Ob 3x3 Skew-Symmebnic Makrules IS F o | .|-b -c 0 So M= ea © «| G,b,CER -b -C | ool o1Lo ; 4 00\/2 0? So the basis op M Would GnsickS of 38 \Es: od 6 6 32) age ahs b onl? AGM 2 rlA\=0- So the map T' MRIS the Bene maps Balrl=0 Dy Wane ruity ” Qanke{r\+ Nabity (T= dam(m\=3 > Ornulity(r\= 3- > Natty (P= 3- 19nl) Let 1: RS —+ R? be defined by T(x, y, 2) = (2x + y, 2). Choose the correct options about 7 2 0 © Option 1: The matrix of T is }1 0 o1 c jon 2: 1 210 © Option 2: The matrix of T is [; 0 i © Option 3: A basis for the null space of Tis {(1, -2, 0)} © Option 4: A basis for the null space of T is {(1,—2, 0), (0,0, 1)} © Option 5: A basis for the range of T' is {(2, 1), (0, 1)} © Option 6: A basis for the range of Tis {(2,2)} Selubion's Standard ordered. basis bor. Hi ,0,01,(0,1,0) fo0ne " " * RE S(1,0), [ONG T(%14,2) = (avy 2) T(1,0,\ =(2,0)= 2(l,0)\+ olo,!) T(es,0)= (yo) = L(1,0) +0(0,1) Toyo) = (0,1\=0(1,0)+1(0)") The Wakrit. Neebentabo 1S Bee o il. 6 1.4.2) = (2K44,z.) Tin(r\=$(aerg 2) | %4,26R% = 30x, o}+ (4,0) Hoy 2)| 4 BERS = 3 x(2,0) +4(1,0) + Hoy) | %.4,2ERETm(r}= Span (2,0, (146), oni) = Span (1,0) Lor!) $= 12> FAN le NZ ig Ao @ bagis Of Tm(=R Sing Tm(r\=Rt > Rank(n=2 9 by nanie-pulity: Ranke(r)enullty(r)= dim(@ )= 3. > Nullity(T) = 3-2= a (-1,2,0\G kealt) 4 dim(ken(r) =1 Thene}ore. Bizet ig aba bor Nuilspale of T: