Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2021)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21K25-ART

Design and Implementation of Smart Hospital

2021 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) | 978-1-6654-0360-3/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCMC51019.2021.9418296

using IoT
S.Ravali Dr.R.Lakshmi Priya
M.Tech, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Associate Professor, Dept of Computer Science and
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Engineering,
Hyderabad, India Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology,
Hyderabad, India

Abstract-- The main objective of this investigation is to System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Radio Frequency
design patient health monitoring system and to focus on the Identification (RFID).
nature of the transmission. The wireless sensor network
tracks patient health parameters and communicates via the I. INTRODUCTION

GPRS interface to the far end. For those patients who are
In the medical IoT, there are a huge amount of sensors
not in the life-threatening condition, but need to be employed to monitor the sick person. In the hospital
constantly observed.. The study will produce an alarming atmosphere, the status quo of medical equipment was
note and give it to the doctor when the critical condition observed. The medical IoT equipment has little power
consumption features to certify that they operate for a
occurs. The purpose of this research is to develop a series of long time since they are unable to replace or charge the
modules that can promote the diagnosis of physicians via battery regularly.
patient telemonitoring. To monitor the wellbeing as well as
The proposed design has strong facility which can save
the environment of the patient, a range of medical and operating costs by bringing smart devices to hospitals,
environmental sensors are used. These sensor data are then improve patients' medical experience, and decrease the
labor intensity of medical staff. Several researchers have
communicated to the server via a mobile device or a PC. In
tried to establish architecture to briefly connect intelligent
this research, a remote medical care checking gadget things Wireless communications for range and long -
dependent on GPRS that can give online data about a range.
patient's ailment continuously. All facts pertaining to the Boudra et al implemented a monitoring system for the
sick person’s health will be directed to the web server, it sick person using ZigBee and a wide range of wireless
permits the physicians to monitor the sick person’s health, protocol was recommended [1]. A three-tier was
suggested by Catarinucci et al. Network architecture for
where the physician can constantly watch the sick person’s watching and tracking the sick person and environmental
illness on his S mart phone. The outcomes exhibited that this statistics in hospitals, which covers three parts: 1) the
improved wireless sensor network called hybrid sensing
article can efficiently use the Internet of Things (IoT)
network (HSN) for radio frequency identification (RFID);
equipment’s to monitor patient healthiness position. In 2) the IoT smart gateway; and 3) data picturing and
addition, the power consumption of GPRS is also taken care. managing user interfaces [2].
Thus, the intended scheme offers little complexity, little
power usage, and highly handy for healthcare nursing of
patients.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Keywords: Microcontroller, Temperature sensor, Pulse sensor,

Narrow Band IoT (NBIOT) is an IoT variant that is leaner
Electrocardiogram (ECG), micro-electromechanical system and thinner. For its service, it needs a narrow band
(MEMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), The Global frequency. In Release 13, for NBIOT, 180 kHz is

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assigned [3]. In both cellular and non-cellular forms, they III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
can be deployed. In some ad hoc applications, non-
cellular forms are required. As they are very structured The primary aim of the paper is to discuss a method of
and can use the cellular infrastructure for their operations, health acquisition, transition, and monitoring. Wireless
cellular forms are common. tracking of patient health parameters is performed via the
sensor network and linked to the far end through the
In [4], the author has presented “An advanced wireless GPRS interface. Details obtained at an IoT web page
sensor network for health monitoring”. In clinics where a track the far end. If the parameters are abnormal, the
sick person is under medicinal treatment for an extensive
GSM module is programmed to send text messages to a
period, and continuous monitoring is needed.
doctor's mobile phone [11]. The method introduced in this
In [5], the author has suggested “An IoT Based Smart paper is intended for patients who are not in critical
Health care system using Raspberry Pi”. The author used condition, but who need to be constantly monitored. If
a distinct sensor to track the health parameters of a there is a critical condition, the machine will cause an
patient. upsetting message and give it to your doctor. It is very
fast, less expensive and remotely monitors patients from
In [6], the author has proposed “Simulation of Health care
Monitoring System in the Internet of Things by Using their homes with this application [12].
a) Ward Care: The microcontroller continuously
RFID”. The author has created a powerful IoT monitoring
collects the sensor information in the ward and
system for healthcare.
sends it to the monitoring center using wireless
Harshavardhan and Virendra [7], presented an analysis communication and also checks that any
article, a wireless biomedical key values monitoring irregular condition is identified and the alerting
system employing ZigBee. Physiological values such as device will be triggered [13].
blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature of the b) Outpatient Medical Treatment: Based on
sick person can be monitored by the system. By employing physiological symptoms data obtained by
several sensors to find different vital signs, the person is wearable equipment, the outpatient physician can
wirelessly monitored inside his own house. obtain a detailed diagnosis of the patient's health,
which can help doctors make a specific
Nikita et al [8] developed a moveable embedded device diagnosis, increase the efficacy of the diagnosis
built on an ARM processor that makes wired, wireless of the doctor, and save the patient's time [14].
message transfer, and cellular technology simpler for
RPM. ZigBee for wireless message transfer and GSM for
mobile-based remote control along with a wired web
interface was introduced by their system. The wired
interface offers contact efficiency whereas the wireless
interface provides edibility in patient travel, while the
cellular interface provides a solution for emergencies.

Parameter Monitoring System for the patient using

Raspberry Pi was presented by Navdeti, et al [9]. The
device is intended to be used in clinics for the calculation Fig 3.1: System Architecture
and obtaining of different vital values such as
temperature, ECG, pulse, etc. The outcomes can be Fig 3.1 shows the system architecture of the proposed
reported using Raspberry Pi shows on an LCD monitor. system. In this system, the microcontroller is the heart of
Even the results can be managed to the server using the this application and it will continuously collects all the
GSM module. physiological sensors information and update the data on
the GPRS web page and also checks the abnormal
Abhilasha et al [10] presented a paper in which conditions, if any abnormal condition is detected then
rudimentary values like body temperature & heart beat are automatically the microcontroller activates the voice alert
tracked and are moved on the webpage to make them system. This system is implementing the in-patient
locally available for consumers.

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application and outpatient application, to implement the
outpatient application, and to identify the person name’s
using RFID technology [11]. Here, an EM-18 RFID
reader module is used to identifying the out patients,
whenever RFID tag is detected then the controller updates
the out patients data with a patient name on the web then Fig 3.3: Pin configuration of LPC2148
the doctor can easily understand the outpatient condition ,
and depends on the condition he will give release the b) LCD
prescription to the corresponding out patient.
LCD is mainly used for display purposes, by using this
LCD. In this application, the sensor conditions are
displayed. The LCD is available in 16X2 format. It will
display the characters, numbers, alphanumeric numbers,
and special characters.

Fig 3.4: LCD display

c) GSM /GPRS

Fig. 3.2 Dataflow Diagram

Fig 3.5: GSM module
The above dataflow diagram in fig 3.2 specifies the
detailed steps of how the application is implemented This GSM/GPRS SIM800L module is mainly used for
using the algorithm.
sending and receiving the data on the web page that is
implementing the IoT [12]. This module is allowed to
A.SYSTEM OVERVIEW
perform different operations . The module in GPRS
enabled GSM modem in each mode has been set off.
a) LPC2148: Through AT commands this modem will perform the
operations. This module support asynchronous serial
The LPC2148 is a 32-bit Advanced Risk Machine and communication and it will support 9600 baud rate. This
internally it has 40KB on-chip static RAM and 512 KB GSM/GPRS module support different frequency bands
on-chip flash programming memory. And it is also like Quad Band 850 / 950 / 1800 /1900 MHz and will
available in 64 pin LQFP package, internally it has 2 operate temperature range: -40 do + 85 ° C. This module
ADC’s, I DAC, 2 I2C, 1 SPI, and RTC. It can support 32 allowed to making the calls, sending the messages, dialing
interrupt request inputs and to execute this interrupts has the calls, and answering the calls.
vectored interrupt controller, and this interrupt priorities
dynamically can change and to execute this 32 interrupts
that vectored interrupt controller has 15 slots. In these 15
slots, slot 0 has the highest priority and slot 15 has the
lowest priority and the LPC2148 can be seen in fig.3.2.

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 d) TEMPERATURE SENSOR f) PULSE SENSOR:

The pulse sensor generally treated as a heart rate sensor,

this module is very easy to connect the finger and this
sensor is made by using IR led and photodiode along with
the 555 timer.

Fig 3.6: Thermistor

A thermistor is a temperature sensor and it is used to

detecting the temperature. This sensor continuously
collects the temperature and will produce the output. This
Fig 3.9: Pulse trace for normal person
sensor is analog, to connect this temperature sensor to the
microcontroller required an ADC. The LPC2148 has
internal ADC then not required to external ADC. g) MEMS:
e) ECG Electrodes

Fig 3.7 ECG electrodes

Fig 3.10 MEMS Accelerometer
An ECG anode is a contraption joined to the skin on
The MEMS stands for micro-electro-mechanical systems
explicit bits as concern a patient's cadaver — all around
[14]. These MEMS is a 3 axis orientation detection sensor
the arms, legs, as well as torso — during the middle as
to detect the x, y, and z-axis orientations and gives the
concern an electrocardiogram framework
digital values. This MEMS has the 8 pin IC package and
It recognizes electrical main thrusts through apiece
it will operate 3.3vand internally it has a capacitive plate
instance the sympathy pounds [13].
and based on the acceleration the capacitance values will
be changed and that value continuously takes the ADC
and it will convert into digital output. This digital output
will send to the microcontroller by using the I2C Protocol.
This accelerometer is a synchronous serial device to
communicate synchronous devices to the microcontroller
using the i2c protocol.

h) RFID READER:

Fig 3.8: Temperature and ECG trace for normal

person

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 Fig4.3: Displaying the sensor values on the web page
Fig3.11: EM-18 RFID READER
The RFID reader is mainly used for identification V. CONCLUSION
purposes. Radio waves reverted from the RFID tag are The primary objective of the experimentation was
transformed by the RFID reader into a form that can be effectively attained. The entire distinct modules gave out
accepted onto controllers that can make use of it. RFID the intended results. The proposed system was well
systems use many dissimilar frequencies, but the most integrated due to advancements in the integrated circuit
commonly used is Reader with 125 KHz. To industry, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMs).
communicate with this RFID reader, the microcontroller The proposed system takes the advantage of quick
uses asynchronous serial communication [14-15]. processing. It is also power efficient and the system not
only identifies the patients but also helps continuous
IV. RESULTS monitoring of patients. It provides power efficient remote
monitoring of patients and helps in handling of
emergency cases immediately.
A Smart Hospital System is used for monitoring and
tracking of patients information was proposed. The
proposed system is implemented with the help of the IoT
devices which can be seen in fig 4.1. The proposed REFERENCES
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