How to approach Writing Task 1:

Step 1:Understand Read the question and underline keywords to ensure you
understand it make synonyms for the key words

Step 2: Identify the essay type

Figure out the question type to use the correct strategy (Trend or comparison
graph?What data is represented on the axis? What groups are represented? What
time periods are shown? What are units of measurements?)
Step 3:Make a plan: Group your data Outline the main features, general
trends & high/low points. Group data by similarities and differences

Step 4:Write Essay

Use the outline and template to construct your essay

Step 5:Check your work

Check your work to correct mistakes if you have leftover time

S1&2: BEFORE Writing: Analyse the task and data

What is the main message you get from the data?
a) Is it static data or movement data? What are the time scales?

b)What do the 2 axes show? What units are shown? (Understand what does
those figures represent)

c)Underline the key words in the task and in the heading. Write down 5
synonyms of the main keywords that you think you will use constantly in this
essay. Save your time during writing and prepare them now:

Y-axis = Grams of 3 different types spreads consumed (eaten/bought/preferred) by people

X-axis = time period from1981 to 2007/ period of 26 years

Key words = consumption/ purchase/ preference/ choice of margarine

=Consumed/bought/ate low fat and reduced spreads
= amount/ grams of butter eaten/ consumed

Step 3:Make a plan: Group your data, Prepare for overview

 You can easily write your overview by asking yourself these questions:

Is it static data or movement/dynamic data? (are there several years

given or no? )
What does the data do from the start to the finish?
Highest and lowest points (values at starting and ending points)?
Do they generally go up or down or do they fluctuate?
Any significant difference from the general trend (turning points)?
Overall increase/decrease?
Peaks/lows ( Are there any striking differences between them)?

Step 4:Write Essay

Paragraph 1 Introduction (1-2 sentences)

Paraphrase given introduction. Do not copy the exact words of the task instructions.

! Remember to include all the data( dates, names, and headings)

Subject Verb Object

The graph indicates the growth…

The line graph illustrates how…
The data describes the number(C) of…
Given information presents the amount(U) of..
The presented graph provides the data regarding …
The shown illustration is provided/is given information on…
The provided illustration present(s) how…changed/altered/
compare(s) how… developed…
that…
 1. Grammatical Range & Accuracy

Have you used a wide range of verb forms and sentence structures?
Are most of them correct?
Have you used proper punctuation?

3 Sentence Structures
Simple Sentence Subject + Verb + (Object)
● Taxes should be increased.
● Children are the future of our nation.
● Community service develops strong-charactered individuals.

Compound Sentence Independent Clause + Independent Clause(s)

Coordinating Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

(placed between two independent clauses, with a comma)

● Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books, and France only invested 100,000.
● Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999, but it was outranked by Britain the following
year.

Complex Sentence Dependent Clause(s) + Independent Clause(s)

Subordinating Conjunctions (whereas, although, despite, if, unless ect….)
(placed at the beginning of the dependent clause)

● Whereas Britain invested over 1 million pounds in books, France only invested
100,000.
● Switzerland ranked the highest in 1999, although it was outranked by Britain the
following year.
● In general, it is evident that in 1995, local fixed-line calls were the most prominent
choice, whereas mobiles were the least popular.
● Although the island used to be vacant and undeveloped in the past, it is now fully
developed and equipped with tourist facilities.

You should try to make a complex sentence by making a subordinate clause.

Complex sentences are sentences with more than one clause and they help
increase our marks in the grammatical range part of the marking criteria.
 TIP: You can easily make a subordinate clause structure in the overview by joining
two pieces of information with the words ‘while’. ‘although’, ‘with’, ‘even though’,
‘whereas’ or ‘and’. However, make sure you know the meaning of these words and
how they are correctly used in a sentence.

2. Lexical Resource (Vocabulary)

1. Does it use a wide variety of vocabulary, including phrasal verbs, academic words,
and collocations?
2. Is there a good use of different collocations?
3. Is the use of vocabulary accurate?
4. Is it written in a formal/neutral style of English?
5. Are most words spelled correctly?

TIP If you use a small range of words, with zero mistakes, you won't get a good
score. If you use a wide range of vocabulary, you can get a good score even with a
few mistakes. Don't play it safe - be adventurous!

Task 1 is very short, only 150 words. This makes it difficult to use a wide variety
of language. Also, the topic might be something you don't know about, so you
won't know a lot of vocabulary. The trick is to use a wide variety of words to
describe the trends and differences and to summarise the information.

TIPS: While preparing for the IELTS writing exam, always write down at least 5
synonyms for all keywords in your graph that you think you will use constantly in
this essay. Save your time during writing and memorise them as you prepare.

Useful words for paraphrasing an introduction

Shows (v) illustrates/depicts/reveals/indicates
Sales(n) income=revenue=turnover=how much money was
made
The income rate the income level=the level of income=the rate of
income= the level of revenue=the revenue rate=the
revenue level
The proportion of the percentage of=the figure for

From 2000 to 2005 between 2000 and 2005=Over a period of 5 years

Useful words for paraphrasing an introduction
The elderly (adj) elderly people=senior citizens
Spending expenditure
Information data
Level of unemployment Unemployment rate
Poverty rate level of poverty
Production manufacture= be produced=be made=be
manufactured
Enough( quantfr) to be sufficient, to be adequate

Not enough to be insufficient, to be inadequate, a shortage of …,

a lack of….
Many numerous, various, a variety of, large number of, a
range of, an increasing number/amount, countless
Too much an excess of, to be excessive
Things objects, matters, issues, sectors, items, concern
Big tremendous, significant, considerable, substantial,
immense, vast, profound
Important principal, crucial, major, essential, critical, vital
Get obtain, receive, acquire, gain
Have posses, encounter, undergo, experience
Give provide, supply, contribute, offer, present
Do participate, conduct, perform, undertake, engage to,
be involved in, implement
More further, additional, added
Important people leading, powerful, influential, well-known,
prominent, famous, supportive.
(data) about concerning , regarding, on the subject of, in reference
to, with reference to, as for, referring to, respecting
About ( number) approximately , roughly , around, nearly
15 days Half a month; about two weeks
5 years A half-decade
Useful words for paraphrasing an introduction
10 years A decade
25 years A quarter-century
Similar About, almost, nearly, roughly, approximately ,
around, roughly

Much more well/far above, well/far beyond, well/far over,

well/far, across, far more

Much less well/far below, well/far under, well/far short,

well/far , beneath, far less

(Number)is/was makes up,comprises ,composes, accounts

for,consists of, constitutes
forecast Predicted, expected, anticipated, forecast,
estimated, evaluated, calculated
Forecasts Predictions,Expectations, Anticipations, Estimates,
Evaluations, Calculations
The highest paramount , dominant, first-place, top , greatest ,
utmost , most , best , number-one, premier
The lowest inadequate, deficient, insufficient
 2nd paragraph: Overview

● The overview paragraph should not include any specific or numeric details
● It should only describe general information about trends, differences, stages
● The best way to do this is to describe the highest/lowest data points at both,
the beginning and end
● 2-3 sentences, 3-5 minutes
● Though you cannot include numeric details in the overview, it is okay to
include dates

Phrases for Starting Overview Paragraphs

A (Opening) B (Introductory Language) - optional

Generally, it is clear/evident that...

In general, it is conspicuous that...

Overall, it can be (clearly) observed that...

On the whole, it can be (clearly) seen that...

In brief, it is apparent that...

In short, the data/diagram illustrates that...

Practice Task 10: Complete the gaps with words from the table and other linking
words.Pay attention to the punctuation:

(1)______________ the consumption of

margarine and butter decreased
over the period given
(2)______________ for low fat and
reduced spreads, it rose. At the
(3)___________ of the period, butter
was the most popular spread (4)________ was replaced by margarine from 1991 to
2001, and following (5)_______ low fat and reduced spreads became the most widely
used spread in the final years.

Practice Task 11: Read the given overviews and how these key features are
introduced :

Generally, in 1980, petrol and oil were the

dominant energy sources, while nuclear, solar,
wind and hydropower were the least utilized
fuels.Additionally, in 2030, gasoline and oil are
forecasted to remain the leading sources of
energy, whereas hydropower is predicted to take
the bottom-most position.

Starting and ending points

Highest and lowest points
Turning point
Interesting changes
Striking differences

In general, it is evident that in 1995, local

fixed-line calls were the most prominent choice,
whereas mobiles were the least popular. By the
year 2002, although mobile calls grew in
popularity, they remained the least popular
choice, while local fixed-line calls maintained their
top position.
Starting and ending points
Highest and lowest points
Turning point
Interesting changes
Striking differences

Overall, Switzerland had the highest coffee sales in

1999 and dominated banana sales in both, 1999 and
2004. Sweden sold the least coffee in both, 1999 and
2004, whereas Belgium and Denmark sold the least
bananas in 1999 and 2004, respectively.

Starting and ending points

Highest and lowest points
Turning point
Interesting changes
Striking differences

Overall, in 2000, 0 to 14-year-olds and 15 to

59-year-olds composed the majority of Yemen and
Italy, respectively; whereas residents over 60 years of
age and between 0 to 14 years of age comprised the
minority in Yemen and Italy, respectively. Calculations
reveal that both nations will experience significant
changes in their demographics by 2050.

Starting and ending points

Highest and lowest points
Turning point
Interesting changes
 Striking differences

3rd paragraph - Main Body/ DETAILS

1st part, to start with introducing details of the most significant key features in the
same order as in overview.

A B(noun) C(verb) D ( adverb) E(how? when)

Looking at the details, it is

evident that…
from _____ to
Now, turning to the details, the price of _____ increased marginally
_____
The table data clearly shows
that...
Specifically,
the number of between _____
In detail, rose modestly
_____ and _____
Categorically speaking,
From _____ to _____,
the population of
Over a _____ year period, grew significantly up to _____
_____
Over the duration of…

the amount of
Now, turning to the details, decreased drastically until _____
_____

Conversely, the consumption

declined gradually to _____
On the other hand, of _____

Surprisingly, the rate of ____ fell steadily during _____

Over a 28-year period, starting in 1980, petrol and oil rose in consumption from 35
quadrillion units to about 40 quadrillion units. Coal and natural gas performed
similarly, as both increased from around 17 quadrillion units and 20 quadrillion units,
respectively, to about 23 quadrillion units.

THERE is/are ADJECTIVE+ PREPOSITION (By how much?)

VERB SUBJECT OBJECT +(In what period?)
(line’s trend)
 There was/is a steady increase +in the number of by ….
We can see/ note/ a dramatic rise people….. from …. to….. by…..
highlight a moderate +in the amount of +(In what period?)
fall/drop money…. in…. (year)
A constant growth between… and…

There was a dramatic rise in the number of people who purchased smartphones from
5 to 15 million in 2007.

Subject of the sentence +VERB +(HOW?) adverb +By how much?

The number of people rose/increased/went up steadily from …. to…..

The amount of money grew(to/by) dramatically by…..
spent, soared/ surged considerably
Pizza consumption fell/declined/ decreased significantly +WHEN?
the consumption of …. (to/by) Moderately slightly Until… in….
(year) between…
and…

Pizza consumption increased gradually from 10, 000 to 13,000 until it overtook the
consumption of fish and chips in 1990. It then levelled off from 1995 to 2000.

+WHEN? Subject of the +VERB +(HOW?) adverb +By how

sentence much?

In….(year) The number of people rose/increased/went up steadily from …. to…..

between The amount of money grew(to/by) dramatically By…..
… and… spent, soared/ surged considerably
Pizza consumption fell/declined/ significantly
the consumption of …. decreased (to/by) moderately
slightly

In 2001, spending on mobile phone services began by merely $200, while the amount
of annual expenditure on the residential phone services was around $700. Over the
following five years, expenditure on landline phone services gradually dropped below
$600, whereas expenditure on cell phone services rose to just over $500.

CONTRAST/ CHANGE of TOPIC +VERB +(By how much?)

Regarding (sales), they… rose/increased/went up from …. to….. by…..
In the case of (sales), they grew(to/by) +(In what period?) in….
As for (sales), they soared/ surged (year) between…
As regards (sales), they fell/declined/decreased and…
Turning to (sales), they (to/by)
With regards to (sales),they remained stable/ steady +compared to what?
When it comes to ,it/they… = did not change compared to ….
fluctuated as opposed to…
while….
whereas

Regarding fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, petrol and oil, they have seen steady
increases in energy consumption since 1980.

Vocabulary for Describing Trends

A) Verbs and nouns for describing trends and changes:

Trend Verbs Nouns
rise (rose-risen) [to/by] a rise [of]
increase [to/by] an increase [of]
go (went-gone) up [to/by] a growth [of]
climb [to/by] an upward trend
grow (grew-grown) [to/by] a doubling in + n.
double a trebling in + n.
treble/triple a boom
boom a surge
surge
soar
rocket [to/by]

fall (fell-fallen) [to/by] a fall [of]

decline [to/by] a decline [of]
decrease [to/by] a decrease [of]
dip (dipped) [to/by] a drop [of]
drop (dropped) [to/by] a reduction
go (went-gone) down [to/by] a slump
plummet [to/by] a plunge
plunge [to/by]
dive [to/by]
deteriorate
slump [to/by
 do (did) not change no change
remain/stay +
stable/steady/static/unchanged [at]
maintain the same level

Position stood at/was a levelling off [at]

level (levelled) off [at] a plateau [at]
plateau (plateaued) [at] reached a high/peak of
level (levelled) out [at] reached a low of
stabilise [at]
peaked [at]
reached

Constant Change fluctuated [around] a fluctuation

B) Adjectives and adverbs for degree of change:
Degree Adjective Adverb
rapidly, sharply, quickly,
rapid, sharp, quick, steep, swift,
Fast change steeply, swiftly,
tremendous
tremendously
sudden, striking, abrupt, suddenly, strikingly, abruptly,
Surprising change
unexpected unexpectedly

Slow change slow, gradual slowly, gradually

Steady change steady, consistent steadily, consistently

Small change marginal, slight,minimal marginally, slightly, minimally
Moderate, significant, Moderately, significantly,
Medium change considerable, substantial, considerably, substantially,
marked markedly
dramatically, drastically,
Big change dramatic, drastic, remarkable
remarkably

C) How much amount?

Similar/close Much more Much less Just over Just under
 well/far
about/around well/far below just above just below
above

well/far
almost well/far under just bigger just beneath
beyond

nearly well/far over well/far short just beyond just short

well/far well/ far

roughly/
across beneath just across just a little
approximately
far more far less

Phrases

Phrasal verbs and collocations will improve your score for Lexical Resource. The
important thing is to memorize each phrase as a unit. If you get one part of the
phrase wrong, it will sound bad or have a different meaning. For example, don't
say 'imports made a peak': say 'imports reached a peak'.
Idioms
Idioms will improve your score for Lexical Resources. The following examples
are suitable for academic writing, and they show that you have a varied
vocabulary-exactly what you need for a 'good' IELTS band.
 Accuracy
● Make sure that you use the correct units of measurement
● Use words like approximately, about, around, nearly, to avoid inaccuracy

In 1999, local fixed-line calls reached a

peak of 90 billion minutes.

In 1999, local fixed-line calls reached a

peak of 90 minutes.
In 1999, local fixed-line calls reached a
peak of 90.

Mobiles surged in use from about 3

billion minutes in 1995 to nearly 45 billion
minutes in 2002.
Mobiles surged in use from 3 billion minutes
in 1995 to 45 billion minutes in 2002.

How to include figures

Ways Examples
Using parentheses ( ) ...other products (a bit less than £160
million),…

Use relative clause: …. ,WHICH + VERB … spent much more on perfume, which
(has/ is/ makes up/ constitutes for/ accounts accounted for around just over $ 1500…
for)

Use phrases (V+ing) … expenditure rose in 2010,making up almost

Making up/ accounting for/selling.. $10,000.

Use full sentence: It rose from approximately 90 grams in 1990

VERB +FROM…in year TO… in year. to just above 120 grams in 2010.
(increase/drop/etc)

Use word respectively if you mentioned UK was higher than USA, around $10,000 and
prior two subjects $3,000 respectively) соответственно
 How to use prepositions
Preposition Rules Examples
to describe a measurable change ➔ There has been a sudden increase
in unemployment.
a(n) cut/ decline/ decrease/ drop/ fall/ ➔ The chart shows a decline in the
In+ noun increase/ reduction/ rise, etc. + in + bird population.
something(the thing which has ➔ There have been dramatic cuts in
changed) the level of spending on the
elderly.

a(n) change/ growth/ improvement/ ➔ There have been significant

trend/variation, etc. in something improvements in health care.
➔ We have seen massive changes in
people's lifestyles.

To describe a change or the result of ➔ The statistics show a reduction of

a change + of + a number showing 20% in energy costs as a result of
the size of the change: the measures.
Noun + of+ ➔ The radio station experienced a
number/ a(n) decrease/ drop/ fall/ increase/ fall of 36,000 listeners to a total
reduction/ rise, etc. of + number ( C ) / audience of 2.1 million.
amount amount(U) ➔ His book investigates the rise of
trade unionism in the region,
(general trend)
➔ Only 56 turtles nested this year, a
fall of 20% from last year, (the size
of the change)

A high/low/maximum/peak/total, etc. Demand reached a peak of 45,000

of + number ( C ) / amount(U) in early March.

In/of can be followed by either of or in in ➔ the growth in the number of

many contexts: young people going to university
Growth in + measurable change ➔ the growth of interest in
Growth of+ trend renewable energies

Practice Task 5: Complete the following text using appropriate prepositions.

Not one area in England or Wales reported a fall (1)................... house prices last month,
a survey has found. Cumbria saw the largest increase with an average rise 2)..................
1.5%. Prices show no sign of dropping despite recent rises (3).................. interest rates.
Experts believe that the recent quarter point rise (4)................... 3.5% (5)..................
3.75% will do little to slow the market. Figures showed that there was also an increase
last month (6)................... the number of sales (7).................... 3.3%. But at the start of
this month, there was a fall (8)................... demand (9) ....................1.2% and a drop
(10)....................1.9% (11) the number of properties being put on the market.

Practice Task 6: Underline the correct preposition in eeach sentence.

1. There has been a slight rise in/ of/ to the number of men employed.
2. Experts expect there to be a fall by /of/in approximately 30% over the next
decade.
3. The introduction of DVDs has led to a decline of/ in /to video sales.
4. We have seen an increase by/of/in only 0.5% during the past year.
5. Researchers observed changes of/ to/ in educational levels.
6. The survey hopes to track trends of/in/to consumer spending.
7. The health service spent a total in/of/at $ 2.5 billion on staffing last year.
8. The new figures show a drop of 5% in / of/ to student numbers.
TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption
of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,

and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

US Energy Consumption by Fuel (1980-2030)

Practice Task 13:Complete the sentences with phrases from the box:

with predictions started at

Remain measured by
slight increases rose steadily
steady increases in set to level off at
showed declines in climbed slightly

The given line graphs illustrates data from a report in 2008 regarding energy
consumption in the USA, which is (1)___________quadrillion units, since 1980
(2)___________ until 2030.
Overall, fossil fuels will (3)______the chief energy source for the US, with a little bit
of hydroelectric, nuclear and other renewables like wind and solar.
Regarding fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, petrol and oil, they have seen
(4)_________________________ energy consumption since 1980. Petrol and oil
(5)__________35 quadrillion units in 1980, then fluctuated until 2000, at which point
they (6)_________with a prediction of over 45 quadrillion units by 2030. Additionally,
coal followed a similar rising trend. It is predicted that it will have surpassed 30
quadrillion units by 2030. Natural gas usage and it is (7)____________________around
24 quadrillion units from 2020 onwards.
In contrast, cleaner energy fuel sources all began the period at under 5
quadrillion units and (8)________________their use, with the exception of nuclear, which
(9)________________________to 6 quadrillion units in 2005 with solar/wind expecting to
see (10)______________________. Hydropower is projected to remain relatively
unchanged until 2030.
TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and
bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

*Fairtrade: a category of products for which farmers from developing countries have been paid an officially
agreed fair price.

Sales of Fairtrade-labelled* coffee and bananas (1999 & 2004)

Coffee 1999 (millions of euros) 2004 (millions of euros)

UK 1.5 20

Switzerland 3 6

Denmark 1.8 2

Belgium 1 1.7

Sweden 0.8 1

Bananas 1999 (millions of euros) 2004 (millions of euros)

Switzerland 15 47

UK 1 5.5

Belgium 0.6 4

Sweden 1.8 1

Denmark 2 0.9
Practice Task 14: Complete the sentences with phrases from the box:

Contain Doubled
Soared tripled
an average of a modest increase
far outranked by the least
respectively Dominated
the most declined by

The two tables (1)___________sales data for Fairtrade coffee and bananas in 1999 and
2004 in five nations of Europe.

Overall, Switzerland had the highest coffee sales in 1999 and (2)_______________banana
sales in both, 1999 and 2004. Sweden sold (3)_____________coffee in both 1999 and
2004, whereas Belgium and Denmark sold the least bananas in 1999 and 2004,
(4)__________________.

Regarding coffee, Switzerland was (5)________________profitable in 1999, yielding 3

million euros. However, in 2004, although it had (6)______________its sales, it was
(7)_______________________________the UK, which (8)_______________________ from just 1.5
million euros in 1999 to a whopping 20 million euros in 2004. Conversely, Denmark
and Sweden experienced minimal growth, and Belgium experienced
(9)__________________________________from a million euros in 1999 to 1.7 million euros in
2004.

Considering bananas, Switzerland not only earned the highest revenue in 1999 (15
million euros), but it also more than (10) _____________________its sales in 2004. The UK
and Belgium made modest growth from (11)__________________________ 0.8 million euros
in 1999 to around 4.3 million euros in 2004, while Sweden and Denmark both
(12)_____________________ a factor of about a million euros.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of
telephone calls in the UK divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,

and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Practice Task 15: Complete the sentences with phrases from the box:

Demonstrates steadily rose

grew in increased
fastest growth climbed
maintained their top the least
declined back prominent
experienced a reversal surged to

The chart(1) _______________________the time spent by British residents on different

types of phone calls between 1995 and 2002.

In general, it is evident that in 1995, local fixed-line calls were the most
(2)_________________choice, whereas mobiles were (3)_____________________popular. By
the year 2002, although mobile calls(4) ______________ popularity, they remained the
least popular choice, while local fixed-line calls (5)____________________________ position.

Specifically, from 1995 to 1998, local fixed lines, national and international fixed
lines and mobiles all (6)____________________ in use. Local fixed line calls (7)____________
_________________ from around 72 billion minutes to approximately 90 billion minutes,
whereas national and international fixed lines (8)_________________from about 38
billion minutes to nearly 48 billion minutes. Mobile calls experienced the
(9)_____________ _______________, nearly tripling from a mere 3 billion minutes to
approximately 9 billion minutes.

From 1999 to 2002, local fixed lines (10)_____________________ ___________________ and

substantially (11)____________ _________________down to about 72 billion minutes. In
contrast, national and international fixed line calls continued to steadily rise to
nearly 60 billion minutes during the same period, while mobile calls remarkably
(12)________________ ______ about 45 billion minutes.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy
in 2000 and projections for 2050.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Practice Task 16: Complete the sentences with phrases from the box:

Forecasts significant changes

It is forecasted that comprised the minority
majority Comprised
provide data are estimated to
portion shrink to
years of age will decline

The charts(1)__________________ over a 50-year period, including(2)___________________, about

the ages of the residents of Yemen and Italy.

Overall, in 2000, 0 to 14-year-olds and 15 to 59-year-olds composed

the(3)______________________ of Yemen and Italy, respectively; whereas residents over 60
years of age and between 0 to 14 years of age (5)_______________ ______________in Yemen and
Italy, respectively.Calculations reveal that both nations will experience
(6)______________________ _____________________in their demographics by 2050.

Considering Yemen, the most notable age group in 2000 were 0 to 14-year-olds who
formed the majority at 50.1%. Ages 15 to 59-year-olds also (7)______________________ a
significant(8)___________________ of Yemen’s population in 2000 at 46.3% and are
projected to constitute the majority at 57.3% by 2050. Members over 60
(9)__________________ formed the smallest group at only 3.6% in 2000,
and(10)___________________________ slightly rise to 5.7% in 2050.

Regarding Italy, in 2000, 15 to 59-year-olds constituted the majority at 61.6%, whereas

0 to 14-year-olds formed the minority at 14.3%. (11)________________________________________
by 2050, 15 to 59-year-olds will still comprise the majority, though they
(12)___________________ in size to 46.2%, while 0 to 14-year-olds will (13)___________________
11.5%.