AP Chemistry Prep Multiple-Choice Questions Use the following information to answer questions 1-4. ‘A multi-step reaction takes place with the following elementary steps: Stepl 2 NO(g) = NOe) Step —_N,O, Step I ) + L(g) + N06) + H,008) g) + Hla) > Nya) + H,01@) 1. What is the overall balanced equation for this reaction? (a) N, O(g) +2 Hg) + 2NO(g) > N,O,(g) + N,O() + Ng) +2 H,008) (B) 2NO(e) +N, 0(@) + 1,06) (©) 2NO{g)+N,O,G) + N,O(g) + Hg) > N,0,@) + Ng) + H,0) (D) 2H,@) +2NO(e) + NJ) +2 H,0@) What is the role of Ny (A) Iisa reactant (B) Iisa reaction intermediate, (©) Wisacatalyst (D) Iisa product, in the overall reaction? 3. If step IT is the slow step, what isthe rate law forthe overall reaction?” (A) Rate = kINOP (B) Rate = k(NOPIH,] UNIT 5 QUESTIONS | | | | (D) Rate = KINOFIH, 4. Why would increasing the temperature make the reaction rate go up? (A) Itis an endothermic reaction that needs an outside energy source to function. (B)_ The various molecules in the reactions will move faster and collide more often, (C)_ The overall activation energy of the reaction will be lowered. (D) A higher fraction of molecules will have the same activation energy. 196 | For more free content, visit PrincetonReview.comSO,Cl, + 0,0) + Cle) At 600 K, SO,Cl, will decompose to form sulfur dioxide and chlorine gas via the above equation, If the reaction is found to be first order overall, which of the following will cause an increase in the half-life of SO,CI,? (A) Increasing the initial concentration of SO,CI, (B) Increasing the temperature at which the reaction occurs (©) Decreasing the overall pressure in the container (D) None ofthese will increase the haf life A+B3C+D rate = K(AIIBP ‘What are the potential units for the rate constant for the above reaction? ws ® ow © sme @ si? ‘The following mechanism is proposed for a reaction: 2A=B (ast equilibrium) C+B5D (slow) D+A3E (fast) ‘Which of the following isthe correct rate law forthe complete reaction? (A) Rate =K{CFIB) 2NOCI->2NO+Cl, ‘The reaction above takes place with all of the reactants and products in the gaseous phase. Which of the following is true ofthe relative rates of disappearance of the reactants and appearance of the products? (A) NO appears at tice the rate that NOCI disappears. (B) NO appears atthe same rate that NOCI disappears. (C)_ NO appears at haf the rate that NOCI disappears. (D) Cl, appears atthe same rate that NOCI disappears. AP Chemisty Prep Units: kinetes | 197AP Chemistry Prep Hg) + L() > 2 Hg) ‘When the reaction given above takes place in a sealed isothermal container, the rate Law is Rate = AHI] I'a mole of H, gas is added tothe reaction chamber and the temperature remains constant, which of the following will be true? (A) The rate of reaction and the rate constant will increase. (B) The rate of reaction and the rate constant will not change. (©) The rate of reaction will increase and the rate constant will decrease. (D) The rate of reaction will increase and the rate constant will not change. 4 NH(g) +5 0,(g) + 4 NOW) + 6H,0(@) ‘The above reaction will experience a rate increase by the addition of a catalyst. Which ofthe following best explains why? (A) The catalyst causes the value for AG to become more negative (B) The catalyst decreases the bond energy in the products (C). The catalyst introduces a new reaction mechanism for the reaction. (D) The catalyst increases the activation energy forthe reaction AsBoC Based on the following experimental data, what isthe rate Iaw for the hypothetical reaction given above? Experiment [A] (M)](B](M)] Initial Rate of Formation of C (molec) 1 020 | 0.10 3x10" 2 020 | 020 6x10" 3 040 | 020 6x10" (A) Rate = {AI (B) Rate = AAP (© Rate = K{B) (D) Rate = A{AIIB] 198 | Formor free conten, vst PicetonReview com12 13, AsBoc Based on the following experimental data, what is the rate law for the hypothetical reaction given above? Experiment | (A}(M) ] (B](M) | Initial Rate (of Formation. of C (Misec) 1 020 | 010 | 20x10« 2 020 | 020 | 40x10* 3 040 | 040 | 1.6x105 (a) Rate = MAL Time (Hours) tal 0 040) U 020 2 0.10 3 (0.05 Reactant A underwent a decomposition reaction. The concentration of A was measured periodically and recorded in the chart above. Based on the data inthe chart, which of the following isthe rate Law forthe reaction? (a) Rawe= H(A) (B) Rate= Har (© Rte= 2H} (D) Rate= FHI AP Chemistry Prep ¥. Units: Kinetics | 199AP Chemistry Prep 4, ASB4C rate = K{A? ‘Which of the following graphs may have been created using data gathered from the above reaction? “ al Time @) lal Time © Intal Time © Time After 44 minutes, a sample of “}K is found to have decayed to 25 percent ofthe original amount present. What isthe half-life of $}K? (A) U1 minutes (B) 22 minutes (©) 44 minutes (D) 66 minutes AsBOC Based on the following experimental data, what isthe rate law for the hypothetical reaction given above? Thitial Rate of al (B] Experiment Formation of C 2 2 (Misec) 1 020 O10) 5.0107 2 0.20 030, 15x10 3 0.60 O10 45x10" (A) Rate = HAIBE (B) Rate = MAPIBE Rate = KAJ[B]? i) 200 | Format free content, vs PicstonReview comFree-Response Questions 1 2 NO(g) + Br,(g) > 2 NOBr(g) ‘The following results were obtained in experiments designed to study the rate of the reaction above: Initial Concentration Initial Rate of (mol/L) “Appearance Experiment | [NO] [Br,)_| of NOBr (Misec) 1 0.02 002 9.6107 2 0.04 oor 38x10" 3 0.02 0.04 19x10" (2) Write the rate law forthe reaction, (b) Calculate the value of the rate constant, k, for the reaction, Include the units. (©) _Inexperiment 2, what was the concentration of NO remaining when half ofthe original amount ‘of Br, was consumed? (@ Which of the following reaction mechanisms is consistent with the rate law established in (a)? Explain your choice. 1. NO+NO=NQO, (fast) N,0,+Br,>2NOBr (slow) I. Br, Br+Br (slow) 20NO+Br> NOB) (fast) 2 2N,O,(g) + 4 NO,(g) + O() Dinitrogen pentoxide gas decomposes according to the equation above. The first-order reaction was allowed to proceed at 40°C and the data below were collected, INO 1) Time (min) 0.400 00 0.289 200 0.209 400 0151 00 0.109 800 (a) Calculate the rate constant for the reaction using the values for concentration and time given in the table, Include units with your answer. (b) After how many minutes will [N,O,] be equal 0 0.350.M? (©) What will be the concentration of N,O, after 100. minutes have elapsed’? (@) Calculate the initial rate of the reaction, Include units with your answer. (©) Whats the halflife of the reaction? AP Chemistry rep V. Unit: Kinetics | 208AP Chemistry Prep 3, ‘The decomposition of phosphine occurs via the pathway below: | 4PH(¢) > P(g) + 6H) A scientist observing this reaction at 250 K plots the following data 020 Time (xc) o ous %» (Pits) 0 ay o 0 0 100 0.05 2%» 4 6 8 100 Time (see) (8) Whatorderis this reaction? Why? (ii) What would the concentration ofthe PH, gas be after 120 sec? | (b) Ifthe rate of disappearance of PH, is 2.5 x 10 Mis at r= 20 s: (i) Whats the rate of appearance of P, atthe same point in time? (ii) How will the rate of appearance of P, change asthe reaction progresses forward? (©) Theexperiment is repeated with the same intial concentration of phosphine, bu this time the ‘temperature is set at $00 K. How and why would the following values change, if at all? (i) The half-life of the phosphine (ii) The rate law (Gi) The value of the rate constant 4 Ale) + B(g) > Cle) ‘The reaction above is second order with respect to A and zero order with respect to B, Reactants A and B are present in a closed container. Predict how each of the following changes to the reaction system will affect the rate and rate constant, and explain why. (a) More gas A is added to the container. (b) More gas B is added to the container. (c) The temperature is inereased. (@) An inert gas Dis added tothe container. (e) The volume ofthe container is decreased 202 | For more free content, visit PrincetanReview.com5. Use your knowledge of kinetics to answer the following questions. Justify your answers. @ Potential Energy Reaction Coordinate ‘The two lines in the diagram above show different reaction pathways forthe same reaction, ‘Which ofthe two lines shows the reaction when a catalyst has been added? © Fractions of Molecules 2 Energy Which of the two lines in the energy distribution diagram shows the conditions at a higher temperature? AP Chemistry Prep Ve Units: Kinetics | 208‘AP Chemistry Prep © 1 Inf 2 Time Which of the two lines inthe diagram above shows the relationship of Inf] to time for a first- order reaction with the following rate law? Rate = K{A] @ 1 Concentration K (moles/L) a Time 2 Concentration B oles/L) (moles/L) a Time ‘Which of the two graphs above shows the changes in concentration over time for the following. reaction? ASB 204 |For more fre content, vt eicetaneviaw comAP Chemistry Prep 6. Hydrazine (N,H,) can be produced commercially via the Raschig process. The following is a proposed mechanism: Step 1: | NH,(ag) + OCI(ag) > NH,C\ag) + OH" Step 2: NH,Cl(ag) + NH (ag) > N,H,"(aq) + Cr Step 3: NJH,(aq) + OH N,Hag) + H,00) (@) @__Whatis the equation for the overall rection? (i) entity any catalyst or intermediates from the reaction mechanism. (©) The rate law forthe reaction is determined to be rate = k{NH, JCI] @) Which elementary step isthe slowest one? Justify your answer. (i) Ifthe reaction is measured over the course of several minutes, what would the units of the rate constant be? 7. The reaction between crystal violet (a complex organic molecule represented by CV*) and sodium hydroxide is as follows: cv + OH > CVvOH (violet) (colorless) (Colorless) ‘As the crystal violet i the only colored species in the reaction, a spectrophotometer calibrated to a specific wavelength can be used to determine its concentration over time. The following data was ‘gathered: leva, Time (s) 55x 10% 0 3.8108 0 2.6% 105 120 1.8x108 180 (a) Whatis the rate of disappearance for crystal violet from ¢ = 60 s to = 120 8? Gi) Ifthe solution is placed in the spectrophotometer 30 s after mixing instead of immediately after mixing, how would that affect the calculated rate of disappearance for crystal violet in par (i)? (©) Given the path length of the cuvette is 1,00 em and the molar absorptivity of the solution is 26,000 cnr'Af* at the wavelength ofthe spectrophotometer, what would the absorbance reading ‘on the spectrophotometer be at = 60 s? V. Unit Kinetics | 208AP Chemistry rep (©) This reaction is known to be first order with respect to crystal violet, On the provided axes, graph function of [CV"] vs. time that will provide you with a straight line graph, ‘The following data was also gathered over the course of three experiments: Experiment | (CV), (M9 | corry,can | alate of fermation of 1 55x 10° 0.12 3.60 x 107 2 | ssxi* | 02 720x107 41x 10° 0.18 ? (@) Write the rate aw for this reaction. (©) What isthe rate constant, &, for this reaction? Include units in your answer. (1) Determine the initial rate of formation of CVOH for experiment 3. 206 | For mote ree content, vist PrinceonReview cam