MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

MATHEMATICS FOR BUSINESS

MATHEMATICS

LECTURER : Dr. TONG THANH TRUNG

HA NOI 10/2021
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
ON FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS
Exponents
1

2 Factoring

PROGRAM
STRUCTURE 3 Solving equations

4 Solving Inequalities

5 Applications
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

I. EXPONENTS
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

I. EXPONENTS
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

I. EXPONENTS

Example 1.1: Evaluate the following:

a. b. 121 c. −32

Example 1.2: Simplify the expression

15 × 4 : (25 × 2 )
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

I. EXPONENTS

Example 1.3: Show that

×
=
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

I. EXPONENTS

Example 1.4: Simplify the following expressions

a. 21 × 3 −7×9
b. 48 × 4 +6×2
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

II. FACTORING

Example 1.5:
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

II. FACTORING
 LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA
III. SOLVING EQUATIONS
Def 1: An equation in one variable is a statement in which
two expressions, at least one containing the variable, are set
equal.
Def 2: Unless otherwise restricted, the admissible values of
the variable are those in the domain of the variable. These
admissible values of the variable, if any, that result in a true
statement are called solutions, or roots, of the equation.
1. Linear equations
+ =
Example 1.6: A total of $18,000 is invested, some in stocks
and some in bonds. If the amount invested in bonds is half
that invested in stocks, how much is invested in each
category?
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

2. Quadratic equations
+ + = , ≠
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

3. Rational equations
Example 1.7: Solve the following equations
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

4. Radical equations
Example 1.8: Solve the following equation
4 +1 − =1
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

III. SOLVING EQUATIONS

5. Exponential equations
Example 1.9: Solve the following equations
a. 2 −2 =0 b. 9 =

c. 9 + 9 = 10 × 3 d. 2 +7=
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

IV. SOLVING INEQUALITIES

1. + > <
2. + + > < , ≠
3. Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute
Value
Example 1.10: Solve the following equations
Example 1.11: Solve the following inequations
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

IV. SOLVING INEQUALITIES

Example 1.12: Solve the following inequalities
a. + −4 −4<0
b. 3 + 4 + 7 + 2 > 0
LESSON 1: REVIEW OF BASIC ALGEBRA

V. APPLICATIONS
Example 1.13: Computing interest on a Loan
Suppose that Juanita borrows $500 for 6 months at the
simple interest rate of 9% per annum. What is the interest
that Juanita will be charged on the loan? How much does
Juanita owe after 6 months?
Example 1.13: Computing Business Expense
Therese, an outside salesperson, uses her car for both
business and pleasure. Last year, she traveled 30,000
miles, using 900 gallons of gasoline. Her car gets 40 miles
per gallon on the highway and 25 in the city. She can
deduct all highway travel, but no city travel, on her taxes.
How many miles should Therese deduct as a business
expense?
 Basic Terminologies
Exponents
Factoring
Quadratic equations
Rational equations
Radical equations
Absolute equations
Inequalities
Examples:
1.1: 51, 52, 61, 62 (P90-91)
84, 89, 90
1.2: 24, 29, 78 (P101-102)
94, 95, 99
1.5: 110, 115, 119, 121 (P129)
1.6: 57, 61, 62, 64, 65, 83, 84 (P133-134)
1.7: 17, 18, 19, 21, 25 (P141); 57, 60 (P143)
Chapter review: 17, 18, 25, 27 (P145)
45, 56, 57 (P146)
 LESSON 2: GRAPHS

1 The distance and Midpoint formulas

2 Graphs of Equations in Two variables

PROGRAM
STRUCTURE 3 Lines

Circles
4

5 Variation
2.1. The distance and Midpoint formulas
 2.1. The distance and Midpoint formulas

Example 1:
 2.1. The distance and Midpoint formulas

Example 2:
 2.1. The distance and Midpoint formulas

Example 3:
 2.1. The distance and Midpoint formulas

Example 4:
 Graphs of Equations in Two variables

The graph of an equation in two variables and consists of

the set of points in the −plane whose coordinates ( , )
satisfy the equation.
Graphs of Equations in Two variables
2.3 Lines
2.3 Lines
2.3 Lines
2.3 Lines
2.3 Lines
 2.3 Lines

Example 5:
 2.3 Lines

Example 6:
2.4 Circles
 2.4 Circles

Example 7:
 2.4 Circles

Example 8:
2.5 Variation
 2.5 Variation
Example 9:
2.5 Variation
2.5 Variation
 2.5 Variation
Example 10:
2.5 Variation
 2.5 Variation
Example 11:
Basic Terminologies
 LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS
Functions
1
2 The Graph of a Functions

PROGRAM 3 Properties of Functions

STRUCTURE

4 Library of Functions; Piecewise-

defined Functions
5 Graphing Techniques:
Transformations
6 Mathematical Models: Building
Functions
 LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

3.1. GRAPHS AND EQUATIONS

 LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

3.1. GRAPHS AND EQUATIONS

 LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

3.1. GRAPHS AND EQUATIONS

Example 1: Compound interest. An investor deposits
$30,000 in Godel Municipal Bond Funds, at 4%. How much is
the investment worth (rounded to the nearest cent) at the end
of 1 yr, if interest is compounded:
a) annually? b) semiannually?
c) quarterly? d) daily (use 365 days for 1 yr)? e) hourly?
3.2. Library of Functions
Linear Functions
Linear Functions
Quadratic Functions
Quadratic Functions
Quadratic Functions
Quadratic Functions
 3.3: GRAPH OF A FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS AND MODELS

Definition: A function is correspondence between a first set,
called the domain, and a second set, called the range, such that
each member of domain corresponds to exactly one member of
the range.
 3.3: GRAPH OF A FUNCTIONS

Example 3: Determine whether each of the following is the

graph of a function
 3.3: GRAPH OF A FUNCTIONS

Piecewise functions:
 3.3: GRAPH OF A FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS AND MODELS

Example 4: Use the vertical-line test to determine whether
each graph is that of a function.
 3.4 MATHEMTICAL MODELS:
BUILDING FUNCTIONS
3.4 FUNCTIONS AND MODELS
Compound interest. The amount of money, ( ), in a savings
account that pays 6% interest, compounded quarterly for
years, with an initial investment of dollars, is given by:
.
= 1+
Example 5: If $500 is invested at 6%, compounded quarterly,
how much will the investment be worth after 2 yr?
 FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

Example 6: Compound interest. Suppose that $5000 is

invested at 8% interest, compounded semiannually, for years.
a) The amount in the account is a function of time. Find an
equation for this function.
b) Determine the domain of the function in part (a).
Example 7: Compound interest. Suppose that $3000 is
borrowed as a college loan, at 5% interest, compounded daily, for
years.
a) The amount that is owed is a function of time. Find an
equation for this function.
b) Determine the domain of the function in part (a).
Example 8: Incidence of breast cancer. The following graph
(considered in Example 28 of Example Set R.1 without an
equation) approximates the incidence of breast cancer I, per
100,000 women, as a function of age x. The equation for this
graph is the function given by
= −0.0000554 + 0.0067 − 0.0997 − 0.84 − 0.25
a) Use the graph to determine the domain of .
b) Use the graph to determine the range of .
c) What 10-yr age interval sees the greatest increase in the
incidence of breast cancer? Explain how you determined this.
SLOPE AND LINEAR FUNCTIONS
Example 9: Profit-and-loss analysis. Boxowitz,Inc., a computer
firm, is planning to sell a new graphing calculator. For the first
year, the fixed costs for setting up the new production line are
$100,000. The variable costs for producing each calculator are
estimated at $20. The sales department projects that 150,000
calculators can be sold during the first year at a price of $45 each.
a) Find and graph ( ), the total cost of producing calculators.
b) Using the same axes as in part (a), find and graph , the
total revenue from the sale of calculators.
c) Using the same axes as in part (a), find and graph ,
the total profit from the production and sale of calculators.
d) What profit or loss will the firm realize if the expected
sale of 150,000 calculators occurs?
e) How many calculators must the firm sell in order to break
even?
Example 10: Profit-and-loss analysis. Jimmy decides to
mow lawns to earn money. The initial cost of his
lawnmower is $250. Gasoline and maintenance costs are
$4 per lawn.
a) Formulate a function ( ) for the total cost of mowing
lawns.
b) Jimmy determines that the total-profit function for the
lawnmowing business is given by = 9 − 250. Find a
function for the total revenue from mowing lawns. How
much does Jimmy charge per lawn?
c) How many lawns must Jimmy mow before he begins
making a profit?
Example 11: Book value. Tyline Electric uses the function
= −700 + 3500 to find the book value, ( ), in
dollars, of a photocopier years after its purchase.

a) What do the numbers −700 and 3500 signify?

b) How long will it take the copier to depreciate completely?
c) What is the domain of ? Explain.
 Nonlinear Functions and Models

Find the equilibrium point for each pair of demand and

supply functions.
Example 12: Demand: = 1000 − 10 ; Supply: =
250 + 5
 Nonlinear Functions and Models

Example 13: Demand: = −4 ; Supply: = +

2 + 6 (assume ≤ 4).
Example 14: Stock prices and prime rate. It is theorized
that the price per share of a stock is inversely proportional
to the prime (interest) rate. In January 2010, the price per
share of Apple Inc. stock was $205.93 and the prime rate
was 3.25%. The prime rate rose to 4.75% in March 2010.
(Source: finance.yahoo.com and Federal Reserve Board.)
What was the price per share in March 2010 if the
assumption of inverse proportionality is correct?
Example 15: Demand. The quantity sold of a
plasma television is inversely proportional to the
price . If 85,000 plasma TVs sold for $2900 each,
how many will be sold if the price is $850 each?
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

4.1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Definition 4.1
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
Definition 4.2
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Theorem 4.1:
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Theorem 4.2:
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Theorem 4.3:
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.2 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.2 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Example 1: Find the domain of the given function

2 −6
=
−6 +5
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.2 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Example 2:
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.2 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
4.2 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Example 3:
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
 LESSON 4:
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
 Chapter 6: (Lesson 5+6)
EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUCNTIONS
Composite functions
1
One-to-One functions, Inverse
2
functions
PROGRAM
STRUCTURE 3 Exponential Functions

4 Logarithmic Functions

5 Logarithmic and Exponential

Equations
 5.1 Composite Functions
Definition 1
5.1 Composite Functions
5.1 Composite Functions
 5.1 Composite Functions

Example 1
 5.1 Composite Functions

Example 2

Solution:
 5.1 Composite Functions

Example 3
 5.1 Composite Functions

Example 4
 5.1 Composite Functions

Example 5
5.2 ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS;
INVERSE FUNCTIONS
Definition 2
 Inverse functions

Theorem 2:

Definition 3:
In other words,

Theorem 3:
Example 6
Example 7
Example 8
 5.3 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Definition 4:
 5.3 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Theorem 4:
 5.3 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Some properties of exponential function:

Definition 5
Example 9
Solution:
Example 10:
Example 11:
Example 12:
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Definition 6
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Example 13
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Graph of logarithmic functions

 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Some properties of logarithmic functions

 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Some properties of logarithmic functions

5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Example 14
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Solution:
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Solution:
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Solution:
 5.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Solution:
 6.5 LOGARITHMIC AND
EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example 15
Example 16
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Theorem 1:
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Example 1:
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Theorem 2:
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Example 2:
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Example 2:
 5.7 FINANCIAL MODELS

Theorem 3:
Example 3: Fermat’s Last Bank makes a car loan of $18,000,
at 6.4% interest and with a loan period of 3 yr. What is the
monthly payment?
Determining monthly payments on a loan:
If dollars are borrowed, the monthly payment ,
made at the end of each month for months, is
given by
1+
12 12
=
1+ −1
12
Proof:
 Chapter 12:
System of equations and inequalities

In this chapter, we’ll talk about

• Systems of linear equations

• Systems of linear inequalities

• Linear programing
Lesson 7: Systems of linear equations
Lesson 7: Systems of linear equations
With any system, there are two cases:
• The system is consistent

• The system is inconsistent

The linear system of two unknowns
+ =
(1)
+ =
There are three cases occur for this system.
Lesson 7: Systems of linear equations
The methods to solve the linear systems of two
variables:
+ =
(1)
+ =

Substitution,
Elimination,

Determinant
Example 1:
Example 2:
 Exercises

12.1: 12, 15, 16, 49, 50, 56, 58, 67, 68, 75, 82
(P855-857)
Systems of Inequalities
Systems of Inequalities
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Solution:
Exercises 12.7: 24, 25, 29, 30, 36, 37, 55, 56, 57, 58
 Linear Programming
Set up linear programming
Example 1:
 Linear Programming
Solution:
Definition 1:
Definition 2:

Theorem:
Example 2:
Solution:
Example 3:
Solution:
Exercises 12.8: 11, 12, 15, 16, 28, 31
 Chapter 13: Sequences; Induction;
The Binomial Theorem

This chapter may be divided into three independent parts:

* Sections 13.1–13.3:
13.1 Sequences
13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
13.3 Geometric Sequences; Geometric Series

* Section 13.4: Mathematical Induction

* Section 13.5: The Binomial Theorem

 13.1 Sequences

Definition 1: A sequence is a function whose domain is

the set of positive integers.
A sequence is usually represented by listing its values in
order. For example, the sequence whose graph is given in
right figure might be represented as

1 , 2 , 3 , … or 1, , , …
The list never ends, as the ellipsis indicates. The numbers
in this ordered list are called the terms of the sequence.
When a formula for the nth term (sometimes called the
general term) of a sequence is known, the entire
sequence can be represented by placing braces around the
formula for the term.

For example, the sequence whose ℎ term is =

may be represented as =

or , , ,…, = ,…
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3: Determining a Sequence from a Pattern
Definition:
Example 4:
Example 5:
Example 6:
Theorem 1:
Theorem 2:
Example 8:
Exercises 13.1: 28, 34, 43,44, 57, 58, 73, 77, 82, 83
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Definition 1:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Example 1:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Theorem 1:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Example 1:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Theorem 1:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Example 2:
 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
Exercises 13.2: 14, 15, 29, 30, 50, 54, 58, 60, 62
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Definition 1:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Example 1:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Theorem 1:

Example 2:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Theorem 2:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Definition 2:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Theorem 3:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Theorem 4:
 13.3 Geometric Sequences,
Geometric Series
Example 3:
Exercises 13.3: 17, 18, 31, 32, 62, 68, 84, 85, 86
 13.4 Mathematical Induction
Mathematical induction is a method for proving that
statements involving natural numbers are true for all natural
numbers.

Theorem 1:
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
 13.5 Binomial Theorem
Definition 1:
 13.5 Binomial Theorem
Pascal triangle: Expansion of +
Theorem 2:
Example 1:
Example 2:
Theorem 2: