NAME:_____________________________

REDESIGNED SAT
MATH
WEEK 4

Fifth Edition
2
3
DIRECT VARIATION
When two variables are related in such a way that y = kx , the two variables are said to be in direct
variation.
Expression of direct variation:

1 y = kx

y y1 y2 y3
1 = k or = = = = k (constant)
x x1 x2 x3

Geometric interpretation: y = kx is a special linear equation, where the y -intercept is ( 0, 0 ) . In the x -

plane, k is the slope of the graph.

INVERSE VARIATION
When two variables are related in such a way that xy = k , the two variables are said to be in inverse
variation.

1 The values of two variables change in an opposite way, that is, as one variable increases, the other
decreases.

2 The product k is unchanged.

IN CLASS PRACTICE: Percentages
1. Before a big test, James memorized 10 5. Taylor has a bank account earning 5 percent
percent more words than Zach. Zach interest compounded annually. If her initial
memorized 30 percent more words than deposit was $1,000 and she makes a
Arny. If Amy memorized a words, how withdrawal of $200 after 3 years, which of
many words did James memorize in terms the following represents the total amount in
of a? her account after 7 years?
A. (1.10 )( 1.30 ) a A. 1, 000 (1.05 )   200
7
−

a B. 1,  000 (1.05 )   800

3
+ (1.05)
4
B.
(1.10 )(1.3)
C. 1, 000 (1.05 )   200 (1.05)
3 4
−
a
C.
( 0.9 )( 0.7 ) D. 1, 000 (1.05 )  −200 (1.05 )
7 4

D. 1.40a
2. Call center A handles 20% fewer calls than 6. A radioactive element decays over time,
Call center B. Call center B handles 20% losing 8 percent of its mass every 5 years. If
fewer calls than Call center C. If Call center scientists have collected an initial 500 grams
A handles 1,200 calls, how many calls does of this element, how much will be left, to
Call center C handle? the nearest gram, after 30 years?
3. If X is 20% of Y and Y is 30% of Z, then what 7. If x is 50% larger than z, and y is 20% larger
percent of Z is X? than z, then x is what percent larger than y?
A. 5% A. 15%

B. 6% B. 20%

C. 8% C. 25%

D. 12% D. 30%

4. This year, Roger beat Rafael in 25% of their 8. James is playing a board game in which she
tennis matches. If Rafael won 18 matches, must collect as many cards as possible. On
how many matches did Roger win? her first turn, she loses 18 percent of her
A. 2 card. One the second turn, she increases her
card count by 36%. If her final card count
B. 3
after two turns is n, which of the following
C. 4 represent her starting card count in terms of
n?
D. 6
 n n
A. C.
(1.18)( 0.64 ) (1.36 )( 0.82 )
B. (1.18)( 0.64 ) n D. ( 0.82 )(1.36 ) n
9. Kyle bought a $2000 government bond that yields 6% in simple interest each year. Which of the
following equations gives the total amount A, in dollars, Kyle will receive when he sells the bond
after t years?
A. A 2000 (1 + 0.06 ) t
=

B. A 2000 (1 + 0.06t )
=

C. A 2000 (1 + 0.06 )
t
=

D. A 2000 (1 + 0.06t )
=

10. Kristen opens a bank account that earns 4% interest each year, compounded once every 2 years. If she
opened the account with k dollars, which of the following expressions represents the total amount in
the account after t years?
A. k (1.04 )
2t

t
B. k (1.04 ) 2

C. k (1.08 )
t

t
D. k (1.08 ) 2

6
IN CLASS PRACTICE: Ratio, Rates and C. Perfect fifth
Proportions D. Major sixth

V2 3 By 1:00 PM, a total of 40 boxes had been

1 P= unloaded from a delivery truck. By 3:30PM,
R
a total of 65 boxes had been unloaded from
Electric power P is related to the voltage V and the same truck. If boxes are unloaded from
resistance R by the formula above. If the voltage the truck at a constant rate, what is the total
were halved, how would the electric power be number of boxes that will have been
affected? unloaded from the truck by 7:00PM?

A. The electric power would be 4 times greater. 4 A "slow" clock falls behind at the same rate
B. The electric power would be 2 times greater. every hour. It is set to the correct time at
C. The electric power would be halved. 4:00 AM. When the clock shows 5:00 AM
D. The electric power would be a quarter of what the same day, the correct time is 5:08 AM.
it was. When the clock shows 10:30 AM that day,
what is the correct time?
2
A) 11:02 AM
Name of the Ratio of two sound
B) 11:18 AM
musical interval frequencies
C) 11:22 AM
Major third 4:5
D) 12:18 PM

Perfect fourth 3: 4 5 The "maximum occupancy" of a room is the

total number of people who can be in a
Perfect fifth 2:3 room without causing a fire hazard. In a
large room, a Fire Safety Code states that the
Major sixth 3:5 maximum occupancy is 1 person for every 7

The musical interval between two sounds is called

square feet ( ft ) .
2
A college is hosting a
an "octave" if the ratio of the sounds' frequencies is concert in a hall that is 14,721ft 2 , and 1,000
2 :1 . The following table shows the names of the people are expected to attend. According to
musical intervals between two sounds based on the the Fire Safety Code, approximately how
ratios of the two sounds' frequencies. many more people can attend the concert
without causing a fire hazard?
If a sound is played with a frequency of 480 Hz and
A) 900 people
a second sound is played with a frequency of
800 Hz , what is the name of the musical interval B) 1
 ,000 people
between the two sounds?
C) 1,100 people
A. Major third
D) 2,100 people
B. Perfect fourth
7
6 A donut company makes cream-filled 8
1 1
donuts using cup (c) of dough and
4 2
tablespoon (tbsp) of cream per donut. The
company decides to change their recipe to
use 3 times the amount of cream for their
"New Triple-Stuffed Donuts!" If the donut
company's new recipe uses the same
amount of dough per donut, what is the
ratio of dough to cream needed to make 12
triple-stuffed donuts?
In the triangle above, the lengths of the sides
A. 1c : 3tbsp
relate to one another as shown. If a new
B. 1c : 6tbsp triangle is created by decreasing s such that
C. 2c : 3tbsp the area of the new triangle is 64 percent of
the original area, s must have been
D. 1c : 2tbsp decreased by what percent?
7 A marine aquarium has a small tank and a A. 8%
large tank, each containing only red and B. 20%
blue fish. In each tank, the ratio of red fish C. 25%
D. 30%
to blue fish is 3 to 4. The ratio of fish in the
large tank to fish in the small tank is 46 to 5. 9 Two leading brands of paper towels are on
What is the ratio of blue fish in the small sale. Brand A has 6 rolls, each with 56 sheets,
tank to red fish in the large tank? for $4.29 . Brand B has 8 rolls, each with 48
sheets, for $5.99 Which of the following
A. 15 :184
best describes the relationship between the
B. 10 : 69 cost per sheet of the two brands?
A. The two brands cost the same amount
C. 69 :10
per sheet.
D. 184 :15 B. Brand B costs $0.003 more per sheet
than Brand A .
C. Brand A costs $0.003 more per sheet
than Brand B .
D. Brand B costs $0.03 more than Brand A.

8
IN CLASS PRACTICE: Units 4 A generator produces 6.5 × 10−2 kilojoules
 kj 
1 Dr. Li Jie measures the absorption of per centisecond   . A watt is equivalent
 cs 
radiation coming from his X -ray device to
J
be 5 ⋅10−18 square centimeters per square to 1 joule per second  ). What is the
s
nanosecond but needs to report the finding
measured power of the generator in watts?
in "grays", where grays are equivalent to
square meters per square second. If there are A.  6.5 × 10−7 watts
109 nanoseconds in a second, what is the B.  6.5 × 10−3 watts
absorption of radiation in grays?
C.  6.5 × 10−1 watts
 A  5 ⋅10  grays 
−40

D.  6.5 × 103 watts

 B  5 ⋅10−31  grays 
 C  5 ⋅10−11  grays  5
 D  5 ⋅10−4  grays  Area (in
State 2013 population square
2 When traveling in France, Joe purchased gas
miles)
which cost 1.45 euros per liter. If at the time
of the purchase 1 euro was worth $1.35 , Connecticut 3,596,080 4,842
what was the approximate cost, in dollars, of
Massachusetts 6,692,824 7,800
one gallon of gas?
New Jersey 8,899,339 7,354
Note: 1 gallon is approximately 3.785 liters.
 A  $0.52 Rhode Island 1,051,511 1,034
 B  $3.52 According to United States Census Bureau, in 2013
 C  $4.07 the five states shown in the table at left had the
 D  $7.40 highest population density of all states, measured

3 In 2012, an 11-year-old cheetah set a new

( )
in population per square mile mi 2 Which state

record by running 100 meters in 5.95 had the greatest population density in 2013?
seconds. During this record-breaking run, at
A. Connecticut
what approximate speed was the cheetah
traveling in miles per hour? B. Massachusetts
Note: There are 1.6 kilometers in 1 mile.
C. New Jersey
A. 16.81 miles per hour
D. Rhode Island
B.  34.27 miles per hour
C.  37.82 miles per hour
D. 60.50 miles per hour
9
HOMEWORK PRACTICE: Percentages 4. Samuel has a collection of toy cars. His
favourites are the 27 red ones which make
1. When a grizzly bear hibernates, its heart rate
up 60 percent of his collection. How many
drops to 10 beats per minute, which
toy cars does Samuel have?
is 20% of its normal value. What is a grizzly
A. 45 toy cars
bear's normal heart rate when not
B. 60 toy cars
hibernating?
C. 40 toy cars
A. 40 beats per minute
D. 54 toy cars
B. 50 beats per minute
5. Daniel works at a nearby electronics store.
C. 12 beats per minute
He makes a commission of 15% on
D. 8 beats per minute
everything he sells. If he sells a laptop
2. Anastasia is grocery shopping with her
for $293.00, how much money does Daniel
father and wonders how much shopping is
make in commission?
left to do. "We already have 60% of the
6. A swimming pool had 2.5 million litters of
items on our list," her father says. Anastasia
water in it. Some water evaporated, and
sees 12 items in the cart. How many grocery
then the pool only had 2 million litters of
items are on the list?
water in it. What percent of the water
A. 20 grocery items
evaporated?
B. 18 grocery items
7. Haruka hiked several kilometres in the
C. 15 grocery items
morning. She only hiked 6 kilometres in
D. 8 grocery items
the afternoon, which was 25 percent less she
3. Mrs. Conley asks her class what kind of
had hiked in the morning. How many
party they want to have to celebrate their
kilometres did Haruka hike in all?
excellent behaviour. Out of all the students
8. A store has a 40 percent off sale on
in the class, 5 want an ice cream
headphones. With this discount, the price of
party, 7 want a movie party, 10 want a
one pair of headphones is $36. What is the
costume party, and the rest are undecided.
original price of the pair of headphones?
If 20% want an ice cream party, how many
9. Finley's pumpkin had a mass
students are in the class?
of 6.5 kilograms before he carved it. After
A. 20 students
carving it, the pumpkin had a mass of 3.9
B. 25 students
kg. What was the percent decrease in the
C. 18 students
mass of the pumpkin?
D. 22 students
10. A grocery store has two recycling machines
outside. The first recycling machine took in
10
 240 plastic bottles and 180 metal cans. The
second took in 30 percent more plastic
bottles but 10 percent fewer metal cans. The
second machine recycled what percent
more items than the first (rounded to the
nearest percent)?
A) 9%
B) 11%
C) 13%
D) 15%
11. A sports equipment manufacturer produced
3,600 footballs and 2,200 basketballs during
the fall. In the winter, it produced 3,060
footballs and a certain number of
basketballs. If the manufacturer decreased
the production of basketballs by the same
percentage as it did for footballs, how many
basketballs did it produce in the winter?
A) 1,810
B) 1,870
C) 1,920
D) 1,950

11
HOMEWORK PRACTICE: Ratio, Rates and shows that every 1 inch on the map is equal to
Proportions 300 miles. On the map, Raheem measures the
5
1 distance between Atlanta and Nashville to be
6
inches. To the nearest ten miles, how many
miles will Raheem have to travel from Atlanta
to Nashville during his road trip?
4 A geneticist conducts a study to investigate the
prevalence of a certain genetic marker in a
particular population of United States (US)
The table at left lists average expenditure rates of adults. During the study, the geneticist observes
playing tennis vs. playing squash based on a body the genetic code of 1,000 randomly selected US
weight of 55 kilograms. The ratio of each value in adults in that population and finds that 350 of
the tennis column to the corresponding value in those adults have the genetic marker. According
the squash column is about the same throughout to the results of the study, what is the ratio of
the table. Which of the following is closest to the observed adults with the genetic marker to
fat burning rate r of squash? observed adults without the genetic marker?

A. 27 g / h  A  7 :13

 B  13 : 7
B  29  g / h  C  7 : 20
C  83  g / h  D  13 : 20
5 Standard movie projectors project 24 still
D 85 g / h images, known as frames, each second. If a
2 Lea's car travels an average of 30 miles per certain movie uses the standard frame rate and
gallon of gas. If she spent $20.70 on gas for a has exactly 129,600 total frames, then, to the
172.5 mile trip, what was the approximate cost nearest minute, how long is the movie?
of gas in dollars per gallon?
6 An architect is creating a scale model of a
A $1.45 per gallon building with a rectangular base. The ratio of
the building's base length to the scale model's
B  $3.40 per gallon
base length is 110in : 3in . If the length of the
C $3.60 per gallon base of the scale model is 9 inches (in), what is
the length of the base of the building to the
D $5.75 per gallon nearest foot?

3 Raheem is trying to calculate the distance of his 7 Following a lightning strike, thunder travels at
upcoming road trip from Atlanta, Georgia to a speed of 1127 feet per second. Using her
Nashville, Tennessee. The scale on his map stopwatch, Fatima counts 4 seconds after a

12
 lightning strike before she hears thunder. To
the nearest tenth of a mile, how many miles
from the lightning strike is Fatima? (1 mile
= 5280 feet )
8 A farmer plants wheat in a rectangular plot of
land having a length of 7260 feet and a width of
1200 feet. If the farmer makes a profit of $30
per acre, how much profit should he expect to
make from the wheat planted, in dollars? (1 acre
= 43,560 square feet )
9 A commercial real estate developer creates a
scale drawing of a commercial property that he
hopes to sell. The ratio of the area of the
drawing to the actual area of the commercial
property is 1ft 2 : 900ft 2 . The developer hopes to
sell the commercial space for $1,800,000 ,
which would be equivalent to $1000 per 1
( )
square foot ft 2 of the property's area. To the
nearest square foot, what is the area of the scale
drawing?
10 New York City has a population density of
27,000 residents per 1 square mile. The area of
New York City is 301 square miles, and there is
approximately 1 subway car for every 1,300
New York City residents. Rounded to the
nearest one hundred subway cars,
approximately how many total subway cars are
in New York City?
11 If a apples cost d dollars, which of the
following expressions gives the cost of 20
apples, in dollars?
20a 20d
A) B)
d a
a 20
C) D)
20d ad

13
HOMEWORK PRACTICE: Units 4 An ancient Chinese candle clock tells the
amount of time that has passed by the
1 In August 2009, Usain Bolt ran 100 meters amount of wax that has been melted off the
in 9.58 seconds (sec), setting the world candle. Each candle is divided into 12
record at that time. There are approximately sections, marked 1 inch (in) apart. It takes 4
1.094 yards ( yd ) in a meter. What was hours (hrs) for each candle to completely
Usain Bolt's average speed in yards per melt, after which a new candle is lit. If two
second? candles have completely melted and one
yd candle has melted 4 in, how many minutes
 A  9.54
sec have passed since the first candle was lit?
yd A. 480 minutes
 B  9.58
sec
B. 500 minutes
yd
 C  10.44
sec C. 560 minutes
yd D. 600 minutes
 D  11.42
sec
5 Which of the following cities had the largest
2 According to the United States Census population density in 2010?
Bureau, on September 1, 2014, the
(Population density is defined to be the
population of the United States was
number of people per square mile.)
increasing by 1 person every 12 seconds. At
this rate, by how much would the Area (in
2010 census
population of the United States increase in City square
population
1 year? miles)
 A  43,800
Boston 645,149 48.43
 B  525,600
 C  2,628,000 Chicego 2,695,598 227.13
 D  31,536,000 Miami 362,470 35.67
3 Grace examines two different size bottles of Philadelphia 1,517,550 135.09
the same laundry detergent. The price for
the 100 -ounce bottle is $9.99 and the price
for the 150 -ounce bottle is $12.99 . How A. Boston
much money will Grace save per 100 ounces
if she purchases the larger bottle? B. Chicago
A $0.01
C. Miami
B $1.33
C $2.00 D. Philadelphia
D $8.66
14
 6 1 1
A) B)
27 9
Air Purchase kWh used per
conditioner cost hour 1 2
C) D)
Unit A $350 1.22 3 3

Unit B $500 1.06

Ming plans to purchase one of the air conditioning
units described in the table above. He expects to
run the unit 900 hours per year, and it costs him
$0.12 per kilowatt hour ( kWh ) for energy. To the
nearest year, how many years will it take for the
energy savings to be greater than the extra cost for
purchasing unit B?
Questions 8-9 refer to the following
information.

7 L = 4π d 2b
The total amount of energy emitted by a star each
second is called its luminosity L , which is related
to d , its distance (meters) away from Earth, and b
, its brightness measured in watts per square meter,
by the formula above. If one star is three times as
far away from Earth as another, and twice as bright,
its luminosity is how many times greater than that
of the other star?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 16
D) 18
8 Astronomers see two equally bright stars,
Star A and Star B, in the night sky, but the
luminosity of Star A is one-ninth the
luminosity of Star B. The distance of Star A
from Earth is what fraction of the distance
of Star B from Earth?

15
EXTRA PRACTICE: Percentages  A  16.7%
 B  33.3%
1 A store holiday sale has an item marked
 C  66.7%
down by $10 with an additional discount of
25% of the new price. If the final price was  D  83.3%
$36.27 , what was the original? 5 On Monday, a fruit vendor bought 80 pieces
 A  $19.70 of fruit to sell at her market, 35% of which
 B  $48.36 were apples and the rest of which were
 C  $58.36 oranges. On Tuesday, the vendor bought the
 D  $61.93 same number of oranges, but she only
bought 73 pieces of fruit. What percentage
2 A school has 63% girls and 37% boys. If of the fruit she bought on Tuesday was
23% of the girls wears contacts and 42% apples?
of the boys wears contacts, what percent of A 28.8%
all students wears contacts?
B 38.3%
A1  4.5%
C 65.0%
B1
 5.5% D 71.2%
C 30.0%
6 A student answered 86 problems correctly,
D  75.0% which was 81.9% , percent of the total
3 Allegra and Simeon were selling containers number of problems on the test. How many
of cookie dough for a charity event. In the problems did the student answer
first week, Allegra sold 30% more than incorrectly?
Simeon did. The following week, Allegra A4
sold 12 containers of cookie dough, while B 19
Simeon sold none. If Allegra sold 40%
C 86
more containers than Simeon did overall,
how many did Simeon sell in total? D 105

4 In a community service class in the fall, 3 of 7 Fabrizzio went shopping on Tuesday and
the 15 class sessions were lectures, while all decided to purchase a pair of pants that is
others were devoted to fieldwork in parks. 15% off the regular price. If he waits and
In the spring, the number of sessions buys the pants on Wednesday, he will
devoted to fieldwork remained the same, receive an additional 5% off. What percent
but the total number of sessions increased to would Wednesday's sale price be of the
18. In the spring, what percent of class original price for the pants? Round to the
sessions were lectures? nearest whole percent.

16
  A  81% 12 For a certain toll bridge, drivers get an 11%
 B  85% bonus credit if they buy credit on a prepaid
 C  95% toll pass instead of paying cash. If a driver
 D  105% pays $9 for a prepaid toll pass, what is the
total credit on the toll pass in dollars?
8 In a college philosophy class during the fall
13 A study of 120,000 randomly selected
semester, there were 323 students, 42% of
photos posted to a social media site
whom were male and the rest of whom were
determined that 4% were "selfies," photos
female. In the spring semester, the same
of oneself. If the percent of selfies is
number of females were in the class as in the
consistent throughout the rest of the photos
fall, but there were only 298 total students
on the site, and there are 20 billion photos,
in the class. In the spring, what percent of
how many billions of photos on the site are
students were female?
selfies?
A 46%
14 Articles in the American Sociology Review
B 58%
Total
C  63% Percent that were
Year number of
quantitative
D 92% articles
9 A taxi ride cost a customer a total of $13.73
1974 59 51%
, which included 4% sales tax and then a
$1 surcharge. What was the subtotal before
2004 37 95%
the surcharge and sales tax?
 A  $0.51
 B  $12.24 The table above summarizes the numbers of
 C  $13.24 articles published in the American
 D  $318.25 Sociology Review in two years. Quantitative
10 A chef has a large container of olive oil. In articles use numerical data and statistics.
How many more quantitative articles were
one night, after he used 25 quarts, 35.9% of
the oil remained. How many quarts of olive published in the journal in 2004 than in
oil remained in the container? 1974? Round to the nearest article.

11 During an activity analysis, a human 15 One marketing professional recommends

resources manager determined that an that businesses budget between 12% and
employee spent 1.7 hours on the phone one 16% of their monthly gross sales for rent. If
a business earns $540,000 in gross sales per
week, which was 4% of the employee's
total work hours for the week. How many year, how much would the adviser
hours did the employee work? recommend as the maximum budget for
rent each month?

17