Structural Design Code Guide
Structural Design Code Guide
Design Criteria
This chapter contains the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 design criteria. It
includes the codes of design, standards, and specifications. This chapter provides the list of
software programs utilized to complete the project.
It contains computed load design, wind analysis, frame analysis, and beam analysis using manual
and modern calculations like Microsoft Excel. Each design computation contains a flowchart to
understand the procedures of calculations.
“Where strength design or load and resistance factor design is used, structures and portions
thereof shall resist the most critical effects from the following combinations of factored loads:”
o 1.4D
o 1.2D+1.6L
o 1.2D + f1 L
o 0.9D
Where:
f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa, and for
garage live loads, or
“Where allowable stress or allowable strength design is used, structures and all portions thereof
shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combinations of loads:”
D+F
D+H+F+L+T
D + H + F + (Lr or R)
𝐸
D + H + F + (0.6W or 1.4 )
“In lieu of the basic load combinations specified in Section 203.4.1, structures and portions
thereof shall be permitted to be designed for the most critical effects resulting from the following
load combinations When using these alternate basic load combinations, a one-third increase
shall be permitted in allowable stresses for all combinations, including W or E.”
𝐸
D + H F + 0.75 [ L + Lr (0.6W or 1.4 ) ]
0.6D + 0.6W + H
𝐸
0.6D +1.4+ H
D + L + (Lr or R)
D + L + 0.6W
𝐸
D + L + 1.4
Section 204 Dead Load
“Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials of constructions incorporated into the building
or other structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in
partitions, finishes, cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural
items, and fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes.”
Table 204-1
Minimum Densities for Design Loads (kN/m3)
Table 204-2
Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa)
Section 205 Live Load
“The live load shall be the maximum load expected by the intended use or occupancy but no case
shall be less than the loads required by this section.”
Table 205-1
Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads
Table 205-2
Special Loads
Section 205. 4 Rood Live Loads
Section 205.4.1
“Roofs shall be designed for the unit’s live loads, Lr, set forth in Table 205-3. The live loads shall
be assumed to act vertically upon the area projected on a horizontal plane.”
Table 205-3
Minimum Roof Live Loads
Section 207 Wind Loads
Section 207.2
“The wind load provisions are presented in Section 207A through 207F as opposed to prior
editions, where the provisions were contained in a single section.”
Figure 207A.1-1
Outline of Process for Determining Wind Loads
Table 207B.2-1
Steps to Determine MWFRS Wind Loads for Enclosed and Open Buildings of All Heights
Figure 207A. 5-1 A, B, or C
Basic Wind Speed
Table 207 A. 6-1
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd
“For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure shall be based on ground surface
roughness that is determined from natural topography, vegetation, and constructed facilities.”
Section 207A.7.1 Wind Directions and Sectors S
“For each selected wind direction at which the wind loads are to be determined, the exposure of
the building or structure shall be determined for the two upwind sectors extending 45either side
of the selected wind̊ direction. The exposure in these two sectors shall be determined in
accordance with Sections 207A.7.2 and 207A.7.3, and the exposure whose use would result in the
highest wind loads shall be used to represent the winds from that direction.”
“A ground Surface Roughness within each 45sector shall be determined for a distance upwind of
the site as defined in Section 207A.7.3 from the categories defined in the following text, for the
purpose of assigning an exposure category as defined in Section 207A.7.3.”
✓ Surface Roughness B: Urban and suburban area, wooded areas, or other terrain with
numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.
✓ Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally
less than 9 m. This category includes flat open country and grasslands.
✓ Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces. This category
includes smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice.
▪ Exposure B: For buildings with a mean roof height of less than or equal to 9m, Exposure
B shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by Surface Roughness B,
prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than 450m. for buildings. with a
mean roof height greater than 9m, exposure B shall apply where Surface Roughness B
prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than 790m or 20 times the height
of the building, whichever is greater.
▪ Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Exposures B or D do not apply.
▪ Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
Surface Roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than 1500m
or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater. Exposure D shall also apply
where the ground surface roughness immediately upwind of the site is exposure B or C,
and the site is within a distance of 180m or 20 times the building height, whichever is
greater, from an Exposure D condition as defined in the previous sentence.
“The wind speed-up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the
factor Kzt:
Kzt=(1+K1+K2+K3)2
where 𝑲𝟏, 𝑲𝟐 and 𝑲𝟑 are given in Table 207A.8-1 or Table 207A.8-2 associated with Figure
207A.8-1.If site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the conditions specified in
Section 207A.8.1 then𝑲𝒛𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟎.”
“Design wind pressures for the MWFRS of buildings of all heights shall be determined by the
following equation:”
Where:
q = 𝒒𝒉 for leeward walls, side walls, and roofs, evaluated at height h, N/m
𝒒𝒊 = 𝒒𝒉 for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings and for
negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings, N/m
𝒒𝒊= 𝒒𝒉 for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings where height z is
defined as the level of the highest opening in the building that could affect the positive internal
pressure. For buildings sited in wind-borne debris regions, glazing that is not impact resistant or
protected with an impact resistant covering shall be treated as an opening in accordance with
Section 207A.10.3. For positive internal pressure evaluation, 𝒒𝒊 may conservatively be evaluated
at height h (𝒒𝒊 = 𝒒𝒉 ).
Section 419.2.2.1
(a) or (b):”
Section 419.2.4.1
“To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor 𝜆 is used as
multiplier of √𝑓′𝑐 in applications of this chapter.”
Section 419.2.4.2
“The value of 𝜆 shall be based on the composition of the aggregates in the concrete mixture in
accordance with Table 419.2.4.2 or as permitted in Section 419.2.4.3”
[1] Linear interpolation from 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal-
weight fine aggregate as a fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate.
[2]
Linear interpolation from 0.85 to 1.00 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal
weight coarse aggregate as a fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate.
Section 419.2.4.3
“If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑡, is used to
calculate 𝜆, laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTMC330M to establish the
value of 𝑓𝑐𝑡 and the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑐𝑚 and 𝜆 shall be calculated by:
𝑓𝑐𝑡
𝜆= ≤ 1.0 (419.2.4.3)
0.56 √𝑓𝑐𝑚
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that to be used in
the work.”
Section 420.2.2
“Modulus of elasticity. Es, for non-prestressed bars and wires, shall be permitted to be taken as
200,000 MPa.”
Section 421.2 Strength Reduction Factors for Structural Concrete Members and Connections
Section 421.2.1
“Strength reduction factors Ø shall be in accordance with Table 421.2.1, except as modified by
Sections 421.2.2, 421.2.3, and 421.2.4.”
Table 421.2.1
Section 421.2.2
“Strength reduction factor for moment, axial force, or combined moment and axial force shall be
in accordance with Table 421.2.2.”
Table 421.2.2
Strength Reduction Factor, Ø, for Moment, Axial Force, or Combined Moment and Axial
Force
Ø
Classifaction Type of Tranverse Reinforcement
Compression 0.75 0.65
Controlled
Transition 0.75 + 0.15
(∈𝑡 − ∈𝑦 )
0.65 + 0.25
(∈𝑡 − ∈𝑦 )
(0.005 − ∈𝑡𝑦 ) (0.005 − ∈𝑡𝑦 )
Section 421.2.2.1
𝑓𝑦
“For deformed reinforcement, shall be For Grade 280 deformed reinforcement, it shall be
𝐸𝑠
NSCP 2015 Section 422.2 Design Assumptions for Moment and Axial Strength
Section 422.2.1.1
Section 422.2.1.2
Section 422.2.2.1
“Maximum strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber shall be assumed equal to 0.003.”
Section 422.2.2.2
“Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in flexural and axial strength calculations.”
Section 422.2.2.3
“The relationship between concrete compressive strength and strain shall be represented by a
rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or other shape that results in prediction of strength in
substantial agreement with results of comprehensive tests.”
Section 422.2.2.4
“The equivalent rectangular concrete stress distribution in accordance with Sections 422.2.2.4.1
through 422.2.2.4.3 satisfies Section 422.2.2.3.”
Section 422.2.2.4.1
compression zone bounded by edges of the cross section and a line parallel to the neutral axis
located a distance a from the fiber of the maximum compressive strain, as calculated by:”
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐 (422.2.2.4.1)
Section 422.2.2.4.2
“Distance from the fiber of maximum compressive strain to the neutral axis, c, shall be measured
perpendicular to the neutral axis.”
Section 422.2.2.4.3
f’c, Mpa 𝜷1
𝟏𝟕 ≤ 𝒇′𝒄 ≤ 𝟐𝟖 0.85 A
𝟐𝟖 ≤ 𝒇′ 𝒄 ≤ 𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 (𝒇′ 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟖) B
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝟕
𝒇′𝒄 ≥ 𝟓𝟓 0.65 C
Section 409.6.1.1
Section 409.6.1.2
“𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be greater of (a) and (b), except as provided in Section 409.6.1.3. For a statically
determinate beam with a flange in tension, the value of 𝒃𝒘 shall be the lesser of 𝒃𝒇 and 𝟐𝒃𝒘.”
√𝑓′𝑐
a. 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
4𝑓𝑦
1.4
b. 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
4𝑓𝑦
Section 409.6.1.3
“If As provided at every section is at least one-third greater than As required by analysis,
Section 409.3.3.1
“For non-prestressed beams with Pu < 0.10f’c Ag, ∈𝒕 shall be at least 0.004.”
Section 420.6.1.3.1
“Non-prestressed cast-in-place concrete members shall have specified concrete cover for
reinforcement at least that given in Table 420.6.1.3.1.”
Table 420.6.1.3.
Section 409.9.4.2
“Minimum spacing for longitudinal reinforcement shall be in accordance with Section 425.2.”
Section 425.2.1
“For parallel non-prestressed reinforcement in a horizontal layer, clear spacing shall be at least
4
the greatest of 25 mm, and dagg.”
3
Section 425.2.2
▪ Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a widely used spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft. It is part
of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity tools. Excel allows users to create, organize,
and analyze data in a tabular format using rows and columns. With Excel, you can
perform various tasks related to numerical data, such as calculations, data visualization,
data analysis, and reporting. It provides a range of functions and formulas that enable
users to manipulate data and perform complex calculations easily. Excel also offers
features like charts, graphs, pivot tables, and macros to enhance data presentation and
analysis.
▪ Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It is part of the
Microsoft Office suite of productivity tools and is one of the most widely used word
processing applications globally.Microsoft Word provides a comprehensive set of tools
and features for creating, editing, formatting, and sharing documents. It offers a user-
friendly interface with a familiar toolbar and menu system, making it accessible to both
novice and experienced users. With Microsoft Word, you can create various types of
documents, such as letters, resumes, reports, essays, newsletters, and much more. It
allows you to format text, change font styles, apply colors, adjust margins, and add
images, tables, and other visual elements to enhance the appearance of your documents.
▪ AUTOCAD
AutoCAD provides a wide range of tools and features for drawing, drafting, and
modeling. Users can create accurate and detailed drawings using lines, shapes, arcs, and
curves. It offers tools for modifying objects, such as stretching, scaling, rotating, and
mirroring. AutoCAD also supports layers, which allow users to organize and manage
different elements of a drawing. In addition to 2D drafting, AutoCAD enables users to
create and manipulate 3D models. It provides tools for creating solid objects, surfaces,
and meshes. Users can apply materials, textures, and lighting to enhance the visual
representation of their designs. AutoCAD also supports rendering, allowing users to
generate realistic images of their 3D models.
▪ STAAD (Structural Analysis and Design)
STAAD is widely used by structural engineers and consultants for designing structures of
various complexities. It helps streamline the design process, optimize structural
performance, and ensure safety and compliance with applicable codes and standards.
STAAD provides engineers with a comprehensive set of tools for analyzing and
designing structures, including buildings, bridges, towers, and other types of
infrastructure. It supports both static and dynamic analysis methods, allowing engineers
to evaluate the behavior and response of structures under various loading conditions.
Design Development Flowchart
Load Calculations
Load Specification
Dead Loads:
Specifications
Level Second Floor, Third Floor, Fourth Floor Loads (KPA)
Exterior 16.5 KN/m^3, 150 mm THK, Full Grouted, both sides plastered 2.11
Wall
Interior 16.5 KN/m^3, 100 mm THK, Full Grouted, both sides plastered 1.98
Floor Finish Ceramic or Quarry tile (10 mm) on 25 mm mortar bed 0.826
Slab 150 mm THK 3.6
Utilities (Others) Plumbing and Electrical 0.5
Ceiling 12mm THK Gypsum board w/ suspended steel channel system 0.196
Table 3.1 Specification of Dead Load
Wall Exterior 16.5 KN/m^3, 150 mm THK, Full Grouted, both sides plastered 2.11
Wall Exterior 16.5 KN/m^3, 150 mm THK, Full Grouted, both sides plastered 2.11
Live Loads:
Specifications
Residential Type Second FLoor - Roof Slab Loads (KPA)
Decks 1.9
Roof Load 1
2S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.5 Loading and Dimension of 2B -8 (Shorter Side of 2S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
2S - 7
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.850 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.6 Loading and Dimension of 2B-1(Shorter Side of 2S-7)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
2S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.7 Loading and Dimension of 2B -14 (Longer Side of 2S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
𝐻
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ( )
2
(7.102)(2.950) 3 − 0.8805972
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
2.4
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2.11 ( )
2
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
3S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.8 Loading and Dimension of 2B -8 (Shorter Side of 3S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
3S - 7
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.850 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.9 Loading and Dimension of 3B -10 (Longer Side of 3S-7)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
3S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.10 Loading and Dimension of 3B -14 (Longer Side of 3S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
𝐻
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ( )
2
(7.102)(2.950) 3 − 0.8805972
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 7.7677 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2.4
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2.11 ( )
2
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
4S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.11 Loading and Dimension of 4B -8 (Shorter Side of 4S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
4S - 7
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.850 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.12 Loading and Dimension of 4B -10 (Longer Side of 3S-7)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.102)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
4S - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.102 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.13 Loading and Dimension of 4B -14 (Longer Side of 3S-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
𝐻
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ( )
2
(7.102)(2.950) 3 − 0.8805972
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
2.4
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2.11 ( )
2
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
RDS - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.386 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.14 Loading and Dimension of RDB -8 (Longer Side of RDS-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.386)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 7.2629𝑘𝑁/𝑚
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
RDS - 7
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.386 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.850 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.15 Loading and Dimension of RDB-10 (Shorter Side of RDS-7)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(7.386)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
(1.9)(2.850)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
RDS - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.386 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 2.950 m
Longer Side 3.350 m
S/L 0.880597 Two - way
Table 3.16 Loading and Dimension of RBD -14 (Longer Side of RDS-6)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
𝐻
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ( )
2
(7.386)(2.950) 3 − 0.8805972
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
1.1
𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2.11 ( )
2
(1.9)(2.950)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 =
3
RS - 1
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 3.556 kPa
Live Load 1 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 0.95 m
Longer Side 2.6 m
S/L 0.36538 One - way
Table 3.17 Loading and Dimension of RSB -1 (Longer Side of RS-1)
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(3.556)(0.95) 3 − (0.36538)2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
(1)(0.95) 3 − (0.36538)2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
RDS - 6
Loading
Value Unit
Dead Load 7.386 kPa
Live Load 1.9 kPa
Dimension
Shorter Side 0.95 m
Longer Side 3.2 m
S/L 0.296875 Two - way
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆)
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3
(𝑞𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 )(𝑆) 3 − 𝑚2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( ) ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
3 2
(3.556)(0.95) 3 − (0.296875)2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
(1)(0.95) 3 − (0.296875)2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = ( )
3 2
𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.461𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Table of Summary
Floor Loads
2nd Floor
Slab No. Dead Load Live Load
S1 5.122 3.8
S2 5.122 3.8 Table 3.19 Floor Loads in 2nd Floor
S3 7.102 1.9
S4 7.102 3.8
S5 7.102 3.8
S6 7.102 1.9
S7 7.102 1.9
S8 7.102 1.9
S9 7.232 2.9
S10 7.232 2.9
S11 7.232 2.9
Floor Loads
3rd Floor
Slab No. Dead Load Live Load
S1 5.122 3.8 Table 3.20 Floor Loads in 3rd Floor
S2 5.122 3.8
S3 7.102 1.9
S4 7.102 3.8
S5 7.102 3.8
S6 7.102 1.9
S7 7.102 1.9
S8 7.102 1.9
S9 7.232 2.9
S10 7.232 2.9
S11 7.232 2.9
Floor Loads
4th Floor
Slab No. Dead Load Live Load Table 3.21 Floor Loads in 4th Floor
S1 5.122 3.8
S2 5.122 3.8
S3 7.102 1.9
S4 7.102 3.8
S5 7.102 3.8
S6 7.102 1.9
S7 7.102 1.9
S8 7.102 1.9
S9 7.232 2.9
S10 7.232 2.9
S11 7.232 2.9
Floor Loads
Roof Deck
Slab No. Dead Load Live Load
S1 7.436 1.9
S2 7.436 1.9 Table 3.22 Floor Loads in Roof
S3 7.436 1.9 Deck
S4 7.436 1.9
S5 7.436 1.9
S6 7.436 1.9
S7 7.436 1.9
S8 7.436 1.9
S9 7.436 1.9
S10 7.436 1.9
S11 7.436 1.9
Wind Analysis
Manual Calculations
Wx
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 9𝑚
Wy
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 10.0655𝑚
14.93 14.93
𝑛𝑎 = = 14.80.9 = 1.3210𝐻2 > 1.0 𝐻𝑧 ∴ 𝑅𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑
𝑛0.9
G = 0.85
e) Enclosed Building
f) Gcpi = ±0.18
𝑧𝑔 = 365.76; 𝛼 = 7.0
2
4.5 7.0
𝑘𝑧1 = 2.01 ( ) = 0.5721
365.76
2
6.1 7.0
𝑘𝑧2 = 2.01 ( ) = 0.6241
365.76
2
9.1 7.0
𝑘𝑧3 = 2.01 ( ) = 0.6996
365.76
2
12.1 7.0
𝑘𝑧4 = 2.01 ( ) = 0.7590
365.76
2
14.8 7.0
𝑘𝑧5 = 2.01 ( ) = 0.8039
365.76
𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑤 = −0.3867.
𝐶𝑝𝑠𝑤 = −0.70
𝐶𝑝𝑤𝑤 = 0.80
Wind Along X
Windward
Leeward
Sidewalls
Wind Along Y
Windward
GF – 2nd Flr
Leeward
Sidewalls
Windward Along X
𝑙
𝑃𝑙 = 𝑃 ( )
2
b. Grid A1-2
33.5 𝑘𝑁
3.4834 + (1.4514 𝑥 ) = 5.9145
2 𝑚
c. Grid A1-3
1.45 𝑘𝑁
1.4514 ( ) = 1.0523
2 𝑚
B. 2nd Floor – 3rd Floor:
a. Grid A2-1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
1.5588 ( ) = 1.0523
2 𝑚
b. Grid A2-2
3.35 𝑘𝑁
3.7411 + (1.5588 𝑥 ) = 6.3521
2 𝑚
c. Grid A2-3
1.45 𝑘𝑁
1.5588 ( ) = 1.1301
2 𝑚
C. 3rd Floor – 4th Floor:
a. Grid A3-1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
1.6158 ( ) = 4.0699
2 𝑚
b. Grid A3-2
1.45 𝑘𝑁
4.0699 + (1.6958 𝑥 ) = 6.9104
2 𝑚
c. Grid A3-3
1.45 𝑘𝑁
1.6958 ( ) = 1.2295
2 𝑚
D. 4th Floor - RD:
a. Grid A4-1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
1.8040 ( ) = 4.3296
2 𝑚
b. Grid A4-2
3.35 𝑘𝑁
4.3296 + (1.8040 𝑥 ) = 7.3513
2 𝑚
c. Grid A4-3
1.60 𝑘𝑁
1.8040 ( ) = 1.4432
2 𝑚
E. Roof Deck – Roof Slab:
a. Grid A5-1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
1.8862 ( ) = 4.5269
2 𝑚
b. Grid A5-2
3.35 𝑘𝑁
4.5269 + (1.8862 𝑥 ) = 7.6863
2 𝑚
c. Grid A5-3
1.60 𝑘𝑁
1.8862 ( ) = 1.5090
2 𝑚
Leeward Along X:
a. Grid D-1 (Note: Ground Floor & 4th Floor has the same dimension)
4.8 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 ( 2 ) = 3.1846 𝑚
b. Grid D-2
3.35 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 ( ) − 3.1845 = −5.4071
2 𝑚
c. Grid D-3
1.6 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 ( 2 ) = −1.0615 𝑚
Sidewall Along X:
a. Grid A-B
3.075 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −2.6134
2 𝑚
b. Grid D-2
2.6 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( 2 ) − 2.6134 = −4.8231 𝑚
c. Grid D-3
3.075 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −2.6134
2 𝑚
Other Side:
a) Grid A3-B3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −2.5072
2 𝑚
2.85 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) − 2.5072 = −4.9294
2 𝑚
2.95 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −2.5072
2 𝑚
Windward Along Y
b. Grid B3-C3
2.85 𝑘𝑁
1.4514 + ( ) + 2.1408 = 2.0682
2 𝑚
c. Grid C3-D3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.4514 ( ) = 2.1408
2 𝑚
b. Grid B3-C3
2.85 𝑘𝑁
1.5588 + ( ) + 2.2992 = 4.5205
2 𝑚
c. Grid C3-D3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.5588 ( ) = 2.2992
2 𝑚
C. 3rd Floor – 4th Floor
a. Grid A3-B3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.6958 ( ) = 2.5013
2 𝑚
b. Grid B3-C3
2.85 𝑘𝑁
1.6958 + ( ) + 2.5013 = 4.9178
2 𝑚
c. Grid C3-D3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.6958 ( ) = 2.5013
2 𝑚
D. 4th Floor – Roof Deck
a. Grid A3-B3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.8040 ( ) = 2.6609
2 𝑚
b. Grid B3-C3
2.85 𝑘𝑁
1.8040 + ( ) + 2.6609 = 5.2316
2 𝑚
c. Grid C3-D3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.8040 ( ) = 2.6609
2 𝑚
E. Roof Deck – Roof Slab
a. Grid A3-B3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.8862 ( ) = 2.7821
2 𝑚
b. Grid B3-C3
2.85 𝑘𝑁
1.8862 + ( ) + 2.7821 = 5.4699
2 𝑚
c. Grid C3-D3
2.95 𝑘𝑁
1.8862 ( ) = 2.7821
2 𝑚
Leeward Along Y
a. Grid A1-B1
3.075 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 ( ) = −2.0401
2 𝑚
b. Grid B1-C1
2.6 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 + ( ) − 2.0401 = −3.7650
2 𝑚
c. Grid C1-D1
3.075 𝑘𝑁
−1.3269 ( ) = −2.0401
2 𝑚
a. Grid A3
1.6 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( 2 ) = −1.3598 𝑚
b. Grid A3-A2
2.85 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 + ( ) − 1.3598 = −4.2070
2 𝑚
c. Grid A2-A1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −4.0795
2 𝑚
a. Grid D3
1.6 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( 2 ) = −1.3598 𝑚
b. Grid D3-D2
3.35 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 + ( ) − 1.3598 = −4.2070
2 𝑚
c. Grid D2-D1
4.8 𝑘𝑁
−1.6998 ( ) = −4.0795
2 𝑚
Table of Summary of Windload Forces
Summary
Direction Floor Pressure Value
(kPa)
Wind along X Windward Ground 1.4497
Second 1.5457
Third 1.6852
Fourth 1.7949
Roof Deck 1.8778
Leeward −1.3210
Sidewall 1.6922
Wind along Y Windward Ground 1.4497
Second 1.5457
Third 1.6852
Fourth 1.7949
Roof Deck -1.6922
Leeward -1.1107
Sidewall -0.9062
Table 3.23 Summary of Wind Pressure
Frame Analysis
Design Flowchart
Figure 3.10 Beam Flexure Flowchart
Analysis and Design
Summary of Design
Properties Reinforcement
Numbers of Bars
Beam ID Clear
Height Base Main Bar
Cover Design
(mm) (mm) Diameter
(mm)
Start Mid End