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Heat Transfer and Measurement Guide

This document discusses heat transfer and temperature measurement. It explains that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, and is usually measured using thermometers on Celsius or Fahrenheit scales. Heat is transferred between objects by conduction, convection or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves the movement of fluids, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves. These three methods work together to transfer heat within the troposphere.

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Jung Ahn Hong
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274 views3 pages

Heat Transfer and Measurement Guide

This document discusses heat transfer and temperature measurement. It explains that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, and is usually measured using thermometers on Celsius or Fahrenheit scales. Heat is transferred between objects by conduction, convection or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves the movement of fluids, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves. These three methods work together to transfer heat within the troposphere.

Uploaded by

Jung Ahn Hong
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heat Transfer

Learning Objectives
1. Describe how temperature is measured.
2. Describe how heat is transferred.

How Is Temperature Measured?


 All substances are made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) that are
constantly moving.
 The faster the particles move, the more energy they have.
 Thermal energy measures the total energy of motion in the particles of a
substance.

Measuring Temperature
 Temperature is the average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a
substance.
 Air temperature is usually measured with a thermometer.
 A thermometer is a device that measures temperature.

Temperature scale
 Temperature is measured in units called degrees.
 Two temperature scales are the Celsius scale and the Fahrenheit scale.

How Is Heat Transferred?


 Heat is thermal energy that is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one.
 Heat is transferred in three ways: convection, conduction, and radiation.
 Atoms and molecules in fluids (liquids and gases) can move easily.
 As they move, their energy moves with them.
Convection
 The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid is called convection.

Conduction
 The transfer of heat between two substances that are in direct contact is called
conduction.
 When a fast moving molecule bumps into a slower moving molecule, the faster
one transfers some of its energy to the slower one.
 The closer together the molecules are in a substance, the better they conduct
heat.
 Conduction works best in some solids, such as metals, but not as well as in
liquids and gases.

Radiation
 Radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
 Most of the heat that you feel from the sun travels to you as infrared radiation,
which you cannot see but can feel.

CONVECTION CONDUCTION RADIATION

Heating the Troposphere


 Radiation, conduction, and convection work together to heat the troposphere.
 During a sunny day the land gets warmer than the air. But because air does not
conduct heat well, only the first few meters of the troposphere are heated by
conduction.
 When air at ground level warms, its molecules spread out, making it less dense.
Cooler denser air sinks toward the surface, forcing the warmer air to rise.
 The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form
convection currents.
 Heat is transferred mostly by convection within the troposphere.

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