CHINA CONSTRUCTION FOURTH ENGINEERING DIVISION CORP.

LTD

Piling Works Include Pile Cap and Earth Mat

Works for Proposed The Sampoerna RRP
Phase IV, West Karawang
Construction Method

Content:
S.N Method Page

A General Project Information 2

B Construction Sequence & Scope of Work 3

C Pile Fabrication Sequence & Delivery 5

D Pile Driving Method 18

E Pile Test Method 48

F Pile Cutting Method 65

G Pile Cap & Tie Beam Construction 72

H Rainy Season Management Method 118

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CHINA CONSTRUCTION FOURTH ENGINEERING DIVISION CORP.LTD

A. General Project Information

 Project Name : The Sampoerna RRP Phase IV, West Karawang

 Project Scope : Piling Works (Spun pile & Mini pile)

 Project Location : West Karawang, West Java, Indonesia

 Stastitical Table of Construction Area

PC Piles Mini Pile

S.N Building Name
(QTY) (QTY)

ᴓ300 ᴓ400 250x250

1 Warehouse 387 60
2 Ingredient 20
3 Tax Stamp 50
4 Power House 50
5 Production 87 236
6 Dust Collector 40
7 Loading Dock 8
8 Waste Duck 30
Total 87 643 238

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B. Construction Sequence & Scope of Work

 Construction Sequence

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 Scope Of Work

S.N Main Work Item Scope

Preliminary Including organize management staffs and workers,

1
Mobilization material and equipment entry the construction site.

1) Docking with government departments, water and

electricity connection certificate (temporary water and
electricity);

2 Preparation Work 2) Report to the owner for approval by the government

department (including temporary water and
electricity);

3) Start access to water and electricity.

Refer to past project, including more offices for Sub

3 Temporary Facility
Contractor offices and Storage

1) Preliminary: shop drawing and approval; method

statement & approval; material procurement, sampling,
test lab & delivery;

4 Piling & Pilecap Cast 2) Production: benchmark joint survey; excavation; lean
concrete; reinforcement fabrication & installation;
formwork fabrication & installation; embedded water
pipe & electricity; concrete pouring; backfill.

1) Preliminary: shop drawing and approval; method

statement & approval; material procurement, sampling,
5 Earth Mat Work
test lab & delivery;

2) Install & backfilled

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C. Pile Fabrication Sequence & Delivery

Formwork &
Reinforcement
Fabrication

Prestressed Steel

Concrete Pouring

Formwork Dismantle
& Marking

Pile up to
Laydown Area

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1. General

1.1 Design Standard and Specification Basis

Below documents are the basis of the specification, any conflict(s) between this
standard and Industry standards, engineering drawings, and contract documents shall be
resolved at the discretion of Air Products:

S.
Category Standard
N
a. 4ECE-M10 Concrete and Reinforcement

b. 4ECEM12 Piling
1 Engineering Standards
c. C4ACS-640113 Auger-Cast Piling

d. 4WCE-600702 Piling Safety

a. JIS A 5335-1987: Prestressed Concrete Spun Pie

b. JIS 543-00 Design, manufactured and installation

of concrete piles

Indonesia Local Codes c. SNI 03-2847-2013 Indonesian concrete code

2
and Product Brochure
d. JIS G 3137 Small size deformed steel bars for
prestressed concrete-Grade D SBPD

e. JIS G 3101 Rolled steels for general structure

a. PIP ST503001-Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Specification
Process Industry
3
Practices (PIP) b. PIP STS02360-D-Pile and Driving Equipment
Data Sheet.

American Concrete a. ACT 543R-Design, Manufacture, and Installation

4
Institute (ACI) of Concrete Piles

5 American Society for a. C33-03 Standard specification for concrete

Testing and Materials aggregate
(ASTM)
b. C494-2016 Standard specification for chemical

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admixture for concrete

c. A 36 Standard Specification for Carbon Structural

Steel

d. A 615 Standard Specification for Deformed and

Plain Carbon Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement

e. D 1143 Standard Test Methods for Deep

Foundations Under Static Axial Compressive
Load

f. D 3699 Standard Test Methods for Deep

Foundations Under Static Axial Tensile Load

g. D3966 Standard Test Methods for Deep

Foundations Under Lateral Load

h. D 4945 Standard Test Method for High-Strain

Dynamic Testing of Deep Foundations

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2. PC Pile Construction Preparation

S.N Preparation Details

1) The project technical department organizes

personnel to set up an on-site measurement team,
setting of the construction site axis and elevation
control piles, and re-check the pile points that owner
requirement has cast.
2) Collect engineering geological data, draw pile
foundation construction plan, and pile foundation
construction plan.
3) Organize the management personnel of the project
management department to learn about atlas,
drawings, construction specifications, technical
standards and technical documents.

1 Technical preparation 4) The chief technical engineer participates in the

technical disclosure, and is led by the chief technical
engineer to organize the study of the engineering
drawings, review the work, and make sure the joint
review of the drawings and the disclosure of the
construction plan.
5) According to the content of the joint review of the
drawings, improve the adjustment and preparation of
the construction organization design before the start of
construction.
6) Prepare scientific and practical construction plans,
quality assurance measures and inspection plans.
7) Make sure of technical and safety disclosure to the
team.
1) All kinds of materials are prepared, the purchase and

2 Material preparation purchase plan of materials are completed, and various

materials (including supporting documents) are
guaranteed to be in place in time during construction.

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2) The specifications and quality of prestressed pipe piles

must meet the design requirements and construction
specifications, and the on-site stacking is reasonable.

3) The prestressed pipe pile should reach 100% of the

design strength before piling, and there should be
enough piles on site to meet the needs of pile
allocation.

4) Equipped with qualified equipment and a certain

number of fire-fighting equipment.

5) Complete the various certificate procedures required

by the owner or the relevant local departments.

1) Establish a leading agency for construction projects.

According to the scale, structural characteristics and
complexity of the project, determine the candidates
and quotas for the leading agency of the construction
project; follow the principles of reasonable division of
labor and close cooperation, and the principles of
setting up positions and selecting people according to
the position, and establish a construction experience,

Preparation for labor pioneering spirit and work efficiency. High

3
organization construction project lead agency.

2) According to the start date and labor demand plan,

organize workers to enter the site, arrange the life of
employees, and conduct education on safety, fire
prevention and civilized construction.

3) Workers and managers who are equipped with special

technical grade certificates, job qualification
certificates and qualification certificates.

Construction site
4 1) The personnel of all departments of the construction
preparation
organization determined in this construction plan shall
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be concentrated in place, the construction preparation

objectives shall be clarified, the operation shall be
carried out according to the main functions of the
personnel of the project department, and the
organization and preparation of the pile foundation
operators shall be completed.

2) Complete the various certificate procedures required

by the owner or the relevant local authorities.

3) Complete the maintenance, debugging and cleaning of

construction machinery (tools). Ensure that the
mechanical (with) performance and condition are in
good condition before entering the site.

4) Plan and organize the transportation force, and inspect

and implement the access roads and routes.

5) Temporary construction layout: According to the site

conditions and engineering needs, the color board
room is used as the site office, worker dormitory, and
canteen, and the power supply and water points are
confirmed. See construction plan for details.

6) Organizing construction equipment to enter the site:

According to the demand plan of construction
equipment, according to the requirements of the
construction plan, organize the construction
machinery, equipment and tools to enter the site, store
them in the specified location and method, and carry
out corresponding maintenance and trial operation.

7) Organizing the entry of building materials: According

to the demand plan of the pipe piles required for this
project, organize the pipe piles to enter the site, and
place them according to the walking route of the pile
driver. Due to the particularity of the project site and
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the rainy weather during the construction period, in

order to ensure the construction period and the actual
consideration of the project, in order to ensure the
normal construction of the pile driver, the pipe piles
should be transported to the vicinity of the pile driver,
so that the pile driver can have piles that can be driven.

3. Construction Method
S.N Method Detail
1) Carefully check the performance of each part of the
piling equipment to ensure normal operation;

2) In addition to checking the quality of all pipe piles

according to the regulations, the production date
and steam curing method of the pipe piles should
also be checked.

The following preparations 3) Draw the pile number map of the whole project
1 should be completed before according to the construction drawing.
piling are as follows:
4) The pile positions on the site shall be measured and
marked in batches or all by professional surveyors,
and the deviation shall not be greater than 20mm.

5) Mark the length of the pile in meters, and mark the

length of the pile in order from bottom to top, so as
to observe the depth of the pile and record the
pressure value.

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1) When the pipe pile is lifted into place and inserted

into the ground, the verticality deviation shall not
exceed 0.5%, and should be corrected with a long
level rod or other measuring instruments; if
necessary, it should be pulled out and reinserte

2) During the construction of the pipe pile, the

centerlines of the pile hammer, the pile cap and the
The test driving of pipe pile body should coincide. When the pile tip enters
2 piles shall meet the the hard soil layer, it is strictly forbidden to use the
following requirements: method of forcibly pulling back the pile frame to
correct the deviation.

3) When piling, a full-time recorder should fill in the

pipe pile construction record form in a timely and
accurate manner, and it can be used as a valid
construction record after being verified by the
supervisor on duty (or the representative of the
construction unit).

 sudden change in penetration;

In one of the following
 Peeling and breaking of concrete at the pile
situations, piling should be
head;
suspended, and the design,
 Sudden inclination and movement of the pile
3 supervision and other
body;
management personnel
should be studied and dealt  The ground is obviously uplifted, the adjacent
with in a timely manner: piles are floating or the displacement is too
large.

1) The depth of the pile should not be greater than

The pile delivery shall 2m.
4 meet the following
2) When the pile top is driven close to the ground and
requirements:
needs to be sent, the verticality of the pile should
be measured and the quality of the pile top should
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be checked, and the pile should be sent

immediately after passing the test.

3) The final penetration of the piling should be

reduced with reference to the final penetration of
the piles under the same conditions when the piles
are not delivered.

4) After piling is completed, the part of the pile head

that is higher than the ground should be carefully
protected. It is strictly forbidden to collide with
construction machinery or use the pile head as an
anchor point; the holes left by the piles should be
backfilled or covered immediately.

3.1 Common problems encountered in piling and preventive measures and treatment
methods:
Preventive
Frequently
measures and
S.N Encountered
Cause treatment
problems
methods

The strength of the pile head is low, and the

top of the pile is uneven; the protective Correct
1 Pile head broken layer is too thick; the hammer is not according to the
perpendicular to the pile; the drop hammer cause;
is too high; the hammering is too long;

2 Torsion or The tip of the pile is asymmetric; the body It can be

displacement of of the pile is not vertical; corrected by
pile prying, slow
hammer and low
blow; if the
deviation is
small, it can be

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ignored;

If the deviation
is too large, it
should be pulled
out and shifted
and pressed
again; if the
deviation is not
too deep (<1m),
When one side encounters obstacles such as
the wooden
Pile body tilt or stones, the soil layer has a steep inclination
3 frame can be
displacement angle; the pile cap and the pile body are not
used to lower the
on the same line;
deviation and the
hammer can be
driven in slowly;
if the obstacle is
not deep, the
backfill can be
dug out and then
hammered;

A sudden encounter with a hard rock Adjust the

Broken pile
formation, the hammer body falls too far; hammer;

Pile up The piles are arranged too densely; in case Re-insert those
of quicksand or softer soil; with a large
amount of
floating, perform
a static load test,
and repeat or re-
drill those that
do not meet the
requirements. If
necessary, lead
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holes may be
required;

Pull up the pile

In case of soft soil layer, soil hole; joint
to check, correct
rupture, or pile tip splitting; pile body
Pile subsidence and re-strike, or
4 bending or serious transverse cracks; falling
quickly make up the pile
hammer is too high, and the pile connection
near the original
is not vertical;
pile position;

In case of
obstacles or
gravel layers,
drill through
The pile is not When encountering buried objects, hard with a drilling
easy to submerge soil interlayer; if the pile driving clearance machine and
5
or reach the time is too long, the friction resistance then drive in;
design elevation increases. correctly
determine the
pile position
according to the
geological data.

3.2 Certification and Specification.

1 Before starting of piling work prior to check all of Certificate and specification (SIO).

2 Piling machine should have equipment certificate (SILO).

Operator of Equipment (piling crane and service crane) should have operator Migas
3
certificate.

4 Pile material should match with specification.

3.3. Setup Equipment and Set Pile Position

All of Crane and part should be setup become unit of piling crane, consist of body of
1
crane, boom, leader, leader support and Diesel hammer.

2 The axis of each pile will be located by coordinate system using a total station
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instrument. The pile positions will be marked by qualified surveyor engineer at the
working area with a painted peg (steel pins) that will be properly driven at each pile
position based on approved drawing.

3.4. Transport Material

(a)

(b)

Figure 8.1 – Transport Material (a) & (b)

1 PC Pile material will be stocked basically in laydown area notify to owner.

2 If in piling area has space area, we propose to unload directly to piling area.

3 For transport PC Pile material from laydown to piling area, we will use trailer.

During loading and unloading PC pile material, ensure that position of trailer is level
4
notify to owner.

During loading and unloading PC Pile material ensure that end stopper has been
5
installed properly, this is avoid the PC Pile falling down.

6 Before transport the PC Pile material, ensure that chain has been installed properly.

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3.5. Stock of Pile

1 Field Contour of stock of pile should be flatted and enough strong for stock piles.

2 Solid subgrade conditions / not collapsed due to layer of stack pile.

The piles is placed above the ground using a wooden pedestal at the position of the
3
chain marking on the pile.

4 The position of the wood is one vertical line (cosentric) between layers of stack.

Both the outer side / edge of each layer of piles of wood mounted in a block or stopper.
5

Refer to 522445-AUR990-SPE-BS-0001, Handling and Storage, Stored piles shall be

placed on skids to prevent contact with the ground. Sufficient skids shall be provided
to keep deflection of stored piles within tolerable limits ( 2% of the smallest pile
dimension). Precast concrete piles shall be stacked in a maximum of three layers and
6
installation sequence shall be the same as the production sequence. When lifting or
transporting precast reinforced concrete piles, lift anchors, slings, or other approved
means shall be used. Lift anchors shall be removed and the holes filled with a non-
shrink grout or epoxy according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Pile Stock (front look)

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Pile Stock (Side View)

Figure 8.2 - Pile Stock (a) & (b)

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D. Pile Driving Method

Work Sequence

DRAWING

 Piling Work Using Diesel Hammer

1) Lifting pile for loading / unloading.

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Figure 8.3 - Loading / unloading pile

Figure 8.4 - Lifting point position

S.N Detail

1 Prepare service crane, lifting sling belt, and sackle.

2 Prepare wooden beam as pile support with dimension 70/50 mm.

3 Ensure that trailer for transporting position in level position, this is to avoid the
pile rolling.

4 Ensure that wooden support or wooden wedge still installed properly.

5 Open the chain from trailer carefully, ensure that the pile not falling down / rolling.

6 Check length and load of pile that will be lifted.

8 Ensure that capacity of crane, sling belt and sackle enough capacity.

9 Then tie the sling belt on the both side with distance from side is 0.2 of pile length.

10 Ensure that tie of sling belt are two turns and sackle has been installed properly.

11 Then lift up the pile in 10 cm to ensure that the crane is stable.

12 Continue to lift up the pile until free position from other piles.

13 Then swing the pile carefully, ensure that no body around swing area.

14 Then put the pile on the wooden support.

15 Put the small wooden support to avoid the pile rolling.

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16 Maximum stack of pile is 2 layer.

2) Lifting Pile for Piling Work (Pitching).

Pile pitching and handling shall be exercised with greatest care. Lifting shall not
be allowed outside tolerance of 10 cm from lifting position indicator. All pile
damaged during handling and lifting shall not be further used and must be replaced.
Pitching with procedure yet if damage still occurs, pile supplier must be contacted
and responsible for replacement.

Piles may be suitably constrained to maintain their designed position by means

of guides. Piles deflected from the vertical or proper line shall, where appropriate, be
withdrawn and re-pitched until the proper line is obtained. Particular care shall be
taken to prevent raking piles from sagging from their current position. No forcible
method of correction in the position or line of any pile shall be permitted. Any pile
damage during driving or which is driven out of its proper position or driven below
the cut off level shall be corrected by either splicing the pile or by driving another
pile or piles adjacent to the defective or low pile as appropriate.

Figure 8.5 – Ilustration work

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Figure
driving 8.6 - Lifting pile for driving work.
work Figure 8.7 - Lifting pile for

S.N Detail

1 Prepare piling ring, lifting sling, and sackle.

2 Check position of piling rig, ensure that position of piling rig is stable.

3 Then tie the sling belt on top side with distance from top is 0.3 of pile length.

4 Ensure that tie of sling belt are two turns and sackle has been installed properly.

5 Then lift up the pile in 10 cm to ensure that the crane is stable.

6 Continue to lift up the pile until free position from ground and position of pile is
stable.

7 Then swing the pilingrig carefully, ensure that no body around swing area.

8 Then put the pile on the point position that marked by surveyor.

3) Piling Rig

Figure 8.8 – Piling Rig.

Driven pile is selected for part of the foundation system. The specification of the
driven pile system using Diesel Hammer is according to client requirement:

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Figure 8.9 – Ilustration work

4) Positioning/setting out
Positioning/setting out of the driven pile points will be performed using Total
Station by a qualified surveyor. The surveyor will also be responsible for accurate
survey location during erection and prompt survey checking. All pile points shall
be measured based on existing Bench Marks verified by AP. Before measuring, first
the existing bench marks will be checked for point accuracy and for this purpose
existing bench marks (BM) from client shall be used as a reference. After setting
out of each point is completed, the pointshall be marked by appropriate marker. All
main setting out points shall be maintained safe and undisturbed.

S.N Method Detail

Before driving process, it is a compulsory to
check the verticality of the pile using waterpass
and/or survey equipment. The pile shall be driven
Pile vertically and eccentricity shall be limited to
1
Verticality maximum deviation of 75 mm. Should piles be
driven outside this tolerance the effect of the design
and appearance of the structure shall be assessed and
remedial measures shall be carried out by contractor.

2 Pile Lead and Piles shall be supported in line and position with
Cushion leads while being driven. Pile driving leads shall be
constructed so as to afford freedom of movement
of the hammer, and shall be held firmly in position
to ensure rigid lateral support to the pile during
driving.
The head of all concrete piles shall be protected
by caps of appropriate design having a suitable wood
cushion inside. The cushion shall be check and
replaced regularly and have minimum thickness of 5
cm.
No pile head shall be held so firmly as to prevent
the slight rotation of the pile normally occurring

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while the pile is being driven. When the area of the

head of any concrete pile is greater than that of the
face of the hammer, a suitable cap shall be provided
to distribute the blow of the hammer throughout the
cross section of the pile and thus prevent, as far as
possible the tendency to split or shatter the pile.

Full length piles shall be used where practicable. Where the

use of splices is necessary the method of splicing shall
follow Pile Supplier splicing drawing endorsed and
approved by Client. All splice shall be welded using full
circumference butt weld type using AWS Elextrode
minimum 3.2 mm executed by appropriate and qualified
welders. Inadequate splicing by contractor welders shall be
Pile rectified with regards to criteria set in approved splicing
3 Splicing/Joint
ing

method.
Figure 8.10 – Ilustration work

The pile driving process shall be executed

continuously if possible to prevent built up skin
friction in soil, driving process shall be stopped only
Pile Driving during joint process and shall be completed until
4
Contingency final setting.
Piles must be driven and with length of pile shall
be adequate to achieve the required working load
capacity with a factor of safety of 2,05.

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5) Pile Recording
Contractor shall maintain daily a complete record of all piles installed during the
day. The form of the records shall be prepared in a standard format. The form shall
include and not limited to :

S. Detail
N
1 Project name, number, and location;
2 Drawing number and structure identification;
3 Name of constructor, subcontractors, and suppliers ;
4 Date of pile installation;
5 Pile location, number, and design capacity; level of the ground at the
commencement of operations ;
6 Pile type, size, and length;
7 Design and actual pile cut-off and tip elevations;
8 Hammer make, model, stroke, weight, normal operating speed, and rated
energy ;
9 Type, dimension, and condition of cushion or capblock;
10 Operating pressure for steam/air hammer and bounce chamber pressure
for double-acting diesel hammer;
11 Actual operating rate or speed (blows/minute) during final driving;
12 Other installation equipment including details on use of pile cushion,
follower, mandrels, pre-drilling, and water jet;
13 Time for start and finish of driving pile;
14 Sequence of pile driving for piles in group;
15 Penetration under own weight and penetration under own weight plus
weight of hammer;
16 Driving data in number of blows per foot from initial to final driving and
number of blows per 1 inch (25 mm) for the last 12 inches (300 mm);
17 Splice types and locations;
18 Records of re-striking;
19 Interruptions (reason, time, duration, tip elevation) ;
20 Degree of out-of-axial alignment;

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21 Deviations from contract documents;

22 Weather conditions and temperature;
23 Notation of any unusual occurrences during installation or of any
observed pile damage ;
24 Signature and title of inspector recording pile-driving data.

6) Equipment and Hammer Selection

In order to gain good result in the driving process, careful selection piling
equipment and hammer type shall be implemented. Piling crane of minimum 50 ton
capacity shall be used to support the hammer DD85 & DD35 lifting and pile pitching
and to suitable guide the pile into installation. Hiley formula calculation for optimum
drop height during calendaring recording process for various hammer types are listed
in appendix. Set criteria’s RC pile for hammer DD85 with a weight 8.5 ton and DD35
with a weight 3.5 ton.
7) Jacking Using Dolly
For cut off level of pile below ground level, contractor shall use dolly/another
section of pile to push in the used pile to the oppropriate top pile design (1 m higher
from C.O.L of pile). Suppose any used pile is jacked lower than 1 m top pile, it has to
be more than 40D high from C.O.L. otherwise to extend and splice more pile
segments, or to extend rebar up to 40D.

8) Installation of Pile

S.N Requirement
Minimum concrete age is 14 days and the concrete compressive strength
1
reaches 80% of the compressive strength of the plan.
Use a plywood / multiplex dry pile cushion on the Hammer cap to prevent
2
damage to the pile head.
Replace the pile cushion if it is not elastic (highly compression), it has
3
been charred or burned when erecting the pile.
Enforcement of the pile by binding the lift sling to the marking position for
4
enforcement on the pile.
The fixing point according to the layout of the foundation point and the
5
length of the pile segment is enough to reach the depth of the plan.
6 The position of the pile and pile leader is parallel.

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7 Cosentric pile axis (one line) against the impact hammer axis.
8 The pile is connected by full welding on the connecting plate grooving / gap.
The connection pile erection is continued after the welding work and
9
inspection completed.
The condition of the cosentric connection pile to the pile that will be
10
connected.
After connecting, for the location of non-corrosive plates and allow for
11
the corrosive location coated with free tar epoxy.

The minimum pile set value is 25mm / 10 blows to avoid damage to the pile
on the head / under the pile. The estimated capacity for the final set criteria
shall refer to chart below :
Figure 8.11 Bottom Pile and Top Pile

 Prepare pc pile and prime paint material (cat meni).

 Mark the pc pile with paint with distance each 1 m bog size and 0.5 m for
12 small size.
 Marking of pile it is mean to indicate of pile penetration.

Figure 8.12 – Preparation Equipment

 Prepare all of equipment including piling rig, hammer and PC Pile
material.

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 Ensure that lifting sling in good condition.

 Ensure that PC Pile material in good condition and no defect or
crack.
 Ensure that pile cushion (15cm) already installed.

Figure 8.13 – Loading PC Pile

 Tie the PC Pile using lifting sling.
 Ensure that PC ile has been tied in double condition.
 Ensure that no body surrounding lifting area.
 Then lift up the PC Pile using piling crane carefully.
 Then lift up the hammer simultaneous with pc pile.
 Then insert the pile head into the hammer cap.
Figure 8.14 – Lift Up PC Pile & Diesel Hammer

 Then lift up PC Pile and hammer together.

 Then put the tip of pile on the point position.
 Check verticality from two perpendicular direction using plumb-bobs or
theodolites.
 Re check that all condition is ok.
 The first hammer will be set in low jamp.
 Then start to driving work using hammer.
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 Then co ntinue to driving work until remaining 60 cm from ground.

 Repeat form above.
 Then prepare for welding work.
(a) (b)

Figure 8.15 – Piling Work (a) & (b)

Figure 8.16 - Welding Work

 Prepare top pile, welding machine and welding electrode.

 Lift up the top pile using crane.
 Put top pile on the bottom pile.
 Check straightening of both piles.
 Then start welding work follow the CSCEC Welding procedures and
individual welders shall be qualified in accordance with AWS D1.1. If
requested, qualification records shall be made available to AP.
 After welding work completed then check by visual test.
 Then check by NDT / Penetrant 10% of total joint.
 Finally result of welding will be touch up coated using free tar coat material.

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Figure 8.17 – Final Set

 Then continue to driving work.
 Then take final set or calendaring and check or calculate the bearing
capacity of pile by dynamic formula.
 If the capacity of pile has reach design capacity then the driving work can be
terminated.
 If the capacity of pile did’nt reach design capacity yet continue to driving
work until top of pile reach ground level. Then the piling work can be
terminated.

9) The Recommended Working Proposal Emphasize :

Regarding the driving pile construction is a special work type which need
good experience in local market and be high familiar with local Geotechnical
information, local sub contractor & local supplier proposal shall be taken into

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consideration. The following description shall be carried out during the driving pile
execution as belows:
Proposal 1: PC Pile Lifting Proposal

Proposal 2: PC Pile Delivery Proposa

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Proposal 3: PC Pile Dropping Tools Proposal

Proposal 4: PC Pile Production Storage Proposal

Proposal 5: PC Pile Production Lifting Proposal

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Proposal 6: PC Pile Installation Proposal(1)

Proposal 7: PC Pile Installation Proposal(2)

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Proposal 8: PC Pile Theodolite Proposal

Proposal 9: PC Pile Cushion Proposal

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Proposal 10: PC Pile Strength Detection Proposal

Proposal 11: PC Pile Penetration Value Proposal

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Proposal 12: PC Pile Welding Connection Proposal

Proposal 13: PC Pile Welding Flow Proposal

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Proposal 14: PC Pile Cutting Proposal

Proposal 15: PC Pile Cutting Proposal

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Proposal 16: PC Pile Erection Failure Proposal

Proposal 17: PC Pile Rein-Improvement Proposal

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 Piling Work Using Hidraulic Hammer

1) Introduction
Driven pile is selected for part of the foundation system. The specification of the
driven pile system using Hydroulic Hammer is according to client requirement:

2) Positioning/setting out

Positioning/setting out of the driven pile points will be performed using Total Station by
a qualified surveyor. The surveyor will also be responsible for accurate survey location
during erection and prompt survey checking. All pile points shall be measured based on
existing Bench Marks approved by client. Before measuring, first the existing bench marks
will be checked for point accuracy and for this purpose existing bench marks (BM) from
client shall be used as a reference. After setting out of each point is completed, the point
shall be marked by appropriate marker. All main setting out points shall be maintained safe
and undisturbed.

S. Method Detail
N
Before driving process, it is a compulsory to check the
verticality of the pile using waterpass and/or survey
equipment. The pile shall be driven vertically and
eccentricity shall be limited to maximum deviation of 75
1 Pile Verticality
mm. Should piles be driven outside this tolerance the effect
of the design and appearance of the structure shall be
assessed and remedial measures shall be carried out by
contractor.

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Piles shall be supported in line and position with leads

while being driven. Pile driving leads shall be constructed
so as to afford freedom of movement of the hammer, and
shall be held firmly in position to ensure rigid lateral support
to the pile during driving.

The head of all concrete piles shall be protected by caps

of appropriate design having a suitable wood cushion inside.
Pile Lead and The cushion shall be check and replaced regularly and have
2
Cushion minimum thickness of 5 cm.

No pile head shall be held so firmly as to prevent the

slight rotation of the pile normally occurring while the pile is
being driven. When the area of the head of any concrete pile
is greater than that of the face of the hammer, a suitable cap
shall be provided to distribute the blow of the hammer
throughout the cross section of the pile and thus prevent, as
far as possible the tendency to split or shatter the pile.

3 Pile Splicing/Jointing Full length piles shall be used where practicable. Where the
use of splices is necessary the method of splicing shall
follow Pile Supplier splicing drawing endorsed and
approved by Client. All splice shall be welded using full
circumference butt weld type using AWS Elextrode
minimum 3.2 mm executed by appropriate and qualified
welders. Inadequate splicing by contractor welders shall be
rectified with regards to criteria set in approved splicing

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method.

Figure 8.10 – Ilustration work

The pile driving process shall be executed continuously

if possible to prevent built up skin friction in soil, driving
process shall be stopped only during joint process and shall
Pile Driving
4 be completed until final setting.
Contingency
Piles must be driven and with length of pile shall be
adequate to achieve the required working load capacity with
a factor of safety of 2,05.

3) Pile Recording

Contractor shall maintain daily a complete record of all piles installed during
the day. The form of the records shall be prepared in a standard format. The form
shall include and not limited to :

S.N Detail
1 Project name, number, and location;

2 Drawing number and structure identification;

3 Name of constructor, subcontractors, and suppliers ;

4 Date of pile installation;

5 Pile location, number, and design capacity; level of the ground at the
commencement of operations ;

6 Pile type, size, and length;

7 Design and actual pile cut-off and tip elevations;

8 Hammer make, model, stroke, weight, normal operating speed, and rated energy
;

9 Type, dimension, and condition of cushion or capblock;

10 Operating pressure for steam/air hammer and bounce chamber pressure for
double-acting diesel hammer;

11 Actual operating rate or speed (blows/minute) during final driving;

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12 Other installation equipment including details on use of pile cushion, follower,

mandrels, pre-drilling, and water jet;

13 Time for start and finish of driving pile;

14 Sequence of pile driving for piles in group;

15 Penetration under own weight and penetration under own weight plus weight of
hammer;

16 Driving data in number of blows per foot from initial to final driving and
number of blows per 1 inch (25 mm) for the last 12 inches (300 mm);

17 Splice types and locations;

18 Records of re-striking;

19 Interruptions (reason, time, duration, tip elevation) ;

20 Degree of out-of-axial alignment;

21 Deviations from contract documents;

22 Weather conditions and temperature;

23 Notation of any unusual occurrences during installation or of any observed pile

damage ;

24 Signature and title of inspector recording pile-driving data.

4) Equipment and Hammer Selection

In order to gain good result in the driving process, careful selection piling equipment
and hammer type shall be implemented. Piling crane of minimum 70 ton capacity shall be
used to support the Hydroulic Hammer NH 70’s lifting and pile pitching and to suitable guide
the pile into installation. Hiley formula calculation for optimum drop height during
calendaring recording process for various Hydroulic Hammer types are listed in appendix.
Set criteria’s RC pile for Hydroulic Hammer NH 70 with a weight 7 ton.

5) Jacking Using Dolly

For cut off level of pile below ground level, contractor shall use dolly/another section of
pile to push in the used pile to the oppropriate top pile design (1 m higher from C.O.L of
pile). Suppose any used pile is jacked lower than 1 m top pile, it has to be more than 40D
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high from C.O.L. otherwise to extend and splice more pile segments, or to extend rebar up to
40D.

6) Prevention Protection At Steel Joint Plate

In the environment that is associated with open air connecting plate accessories
susceptible to rust due to the process of chemical reactions between iron material on
steel plate connect with oxygen contained in air or water on the surface of the
connecting plate. Rust process this will take place faster in an acidic environment (pH
lower than 7)

Due to rust on the connecting plate, it can cause problems of strength degradation
and even fatal structural failure. This is caused when the oxidation / rust process of the
steel surface thickness decreases with increasing time.

To prevent rust from connecting the piles, the connecting plate must be
immediately coated with a protective layer rust after the production process, as well as
after the welding process of connecting piles, protective coating / coating again applied
to repair the protective layer damaged due to the welding process so that the
connecting plate has long-term corrosion protection

7) Joint Pile With Welding

This Method statement describes in detail the welding process for pile work and the
welder’s qualification test procedures. This includes addressing programs for
implementing commitments regarding the quality of welding works.

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 Requirement:

S.N Requirement

Welding procedures and individual welders shall be qualified in accordance with

1
AWS D1.1. If requested, qualification records shall be made available to AP.

Use a helmet / welding mask to protect the face, eyes and skin from welding sparks.

Because of grooves / grooves +/- 300, so that the welds fill up fully, the first layer is
3 welding using a welding rod with diameter of less than 4mm.

In layered welding, after finishing welding the first layer clean the slag / slag with a
4 welding hammer until clean (use glasses while cleaning the slag), then do the welding
in the next layer.

5 Use 2 layers of weld filling for groove depth ≤12mm. Whereas for grooves /
grooves >12mm use 3 layers of weld filling.

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If weld defects are found, fix it by peeling / grinding the defective part and refilling it
6
with weld.

Cover the pile with zinc chromate paint coat for non-corrosive locations, epoxy paint
7
coat for corrosive locations or pile tape for connecting plates in tidal areas.

The design is done after the welded connecting plate is allowed to cool naturally until
it reaches a temperature of 200 °C to 250 °C.

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E. Pile Test Method

Pile test & acceptance shall be done 25 days after pile construction. Load tests are
carried out to determine the compress working capacity of the piles in the friction strata
together with the end bearing strata related to the ultimate compress pile capacity, to judge
the performance of the piles.
The test is performed by a certain mechanism, the detail arrangement of the load test
is summarized as follow:
 Excavation around the pile head is done with a depth of as per site.
 The pile head is chipped off with steel plat size as per design requirement, with steel
cage.
 Another plat fixed at height equal approximately 2.00m with pile reinforcement.
 The main girder is placed in a longitudinal position. Drawings for beam arrangements and
cross sections are attached.
 The hydraulic jacks and the pump are placed to obtain the loading and unloading
effects. Certificates of calibration of jacks are available on request.
 Four dial gauges are used to obtain the average readings which indicate the uplift of
the pile. Certificates of calibration of gauges are available on request.
 The reaction load is obtained by the steel bars. 2 supports on ground are needed for
the test pile and arrangement of supports around the test pile is given by attached
drawings.
 The readings are taken as per loading procedure and the analysis of these reading is
done to obtain the curves and relations which determine the pile characteristics.

 Static Axial Compressive Load Test

The BDSLT will be performed by a qualified testing personnel in accordance with the
“ASTM D8169/D8186M-18” Standard Test Method for Deep Foundations Under Bi-
Directional Static Axial Compressive Load.

Typical schematic of an embedded bi-directional cell assembly placed within a test

pile in preparation for a BDSLT is present below. The resultant line of force of the bi-
directional cell assembly shall coincide with the central axis of the foundation element.
During initial bi-directional cell pressurization, a fracture plane will form through the
concrete surrounding the bi-directional cell assembly, and the pile reinforcement and
instrumentation shall not restrain the subsequent expansion of the assembly after the fracture
occurs. As indicated below, different types of deep foundations require different methods of
bi-directional cell installation.
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 EQUIPMENT.
The main equipment to be used by Testing Laboratory for instrumentation and testing are as
follows:
 Bi-Directional Hydraulic Cell (BD-cell)
 Concrete Embedment Strain Gauges
 VW Displacement Transducers
 VW Pressure Transducer
 Pressure Gauge
 Automated Digital Level
 Aeroquip Hydraulic Hoses and Fittings
 Air Driven Pump & Fittings, etc.
 Data Taker Geologger
 Laptop Computer
 Bearing plates prepared in accordance with drawings
 Nominal ½” G.I. pipes cut to length schedule
 Reinforcement cage of lengths including tremie guide etc.
 Welding and lifting equipment etc.

 TEST PILE PREPARATION.

The test pile preparation is carried out by, or under the supervision of laboratory
personnel. A single level bi-directional cell assembly will be installed in the test pile along
with the necessary hydraulic system and instrumentation attached to the steel reinforcing
cage.
The final bi-directional cell assembly position is subjected to the approval of the project
geotechnical design engineer. For the purpose of fully mobilizing the axial compressive
capacity, the engineer will usually locate the bi-directional cell assembly at a location within

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the pile where the capacity above the assembly equals the capacity below it. The position of
bi-directional cell assembly herein is a preliminary estimate based on assessment of the soil
investigation provided by the Client.
 BI-DIRECTIONAL CELL ASSEMBLY.
The assembly will comprise of bi-directional cell(s) and steel bearing plates. The
fabrication of the bi-directional cell assembly will be carried out on site or at the piling
contractor’s workshop, where the bi-directional cell(s) will be accurately positioned and
welded to steel bearing plates above and below the bi-directional cell(s). Fabrication
drawings for the bi-directional cell assembly for bearing plates are included in the below
figure:

Note:
 Bottom and top bearing plate welded to the rebar cage.
 Tremie pipe should be less than the maximum tremie hole diameter.
 Tremie guide is constructed to direct the tremie pipe pass to the assembly.

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To ensure that no damage occurs to the bi-directional cell(s) during handling or lifting
the assembly, temporary reinforcement will be installed across the bi-directional cell
assembly. Two or more pieces of reinforcing steel will be welded between the top and
bottom of the bearing plates as to temporarily reinforce the bi-directional cell assembly.
Temporary reinforcement at the bi-directional cell assembly will be cut once the cage is
vertical and is being lowered into the excavated bore, such that no steel crosses the bi-
directional cell opening level.
 PILE CONSTRUCTION
 Rebar Cage Assembly;
 Pile Instrumentation;
 Pile Excavation & Installation;
 Casting of Concrete.

 LOAD TESTING.
BDSLT will commence after the pile concrete reached a minimum strength as required by
the project specification.The applied loads will be increased in fixed increments of 10% of
the anticipated maximum test load and in decrements of 50% of the maximum applied load.

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Each load increment will be maintained for a minimum period of 15 minutes and until the
specified creep rate has decreased to less than 0.06 mm over a 15-minute period but for no
more than 1 hour per increment.The creep criteria will be followed for plate displacements of
up to 25 mm (either top or bottom plate). Instrument readings will be automatically recorded
every 30 or 60 seconds during the entire test. Example for proposed loading schedule as per
this figure.
Testing will begin by pressurizing the bi-directional cell in order to break the tack welds
that hold it closed and to form the fracture plane in the concrete surrounding the base of the
bi-directional cell assembly.
After the break occurred, the pressure will be immediately release from zero pressure.
BDSLT will proceed as per approved loading schedule. During loading, the bi-directional cell
will be internally pressurized, creating an upward force on the pile in upper side shear and an
equal, but downward force in combined lower skin friction and/or end bearing. The bi-
directional cell load is determined by relating the applied hydraulic pressure to the bi-
directional cell load calibration factor. A calibrated, high-pressure bourdon gauge will be
used to read the pressure on the pump line and a calibrated pressure transducer will read the
pressure on the return line. The load will be removed, and testing completed once either one
of the following situations occur:
 The maximum required test load has been applied.

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 The bi-directional cell(s) approaches its maximum nominal stroke of 150 mm.
 Plunging failure* of the pile section above or below the bi-directional cell location are
achieved.
and the final steps are data collections, measurement, and data reporting.

 High-Strain Dynamic Testing (PDA Test)

This proposal is to predict the pile driveability, determination of pile capacity and driving
stresses and as a quality assurance for the piling works as required in the specifications.The
Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) is both field data acquisition units as well as a computer unit
for onsite data assessment. The CAPWAP computer software allows full and accurate
analysis of the PDA field data. The CAPWAP facility is office based, and will be available
for the analysis data. Only an engineer with extensive experience program package. This will
guarantee quality results.

 SCOPE
This scope of pile instrumentation and monitoring services during pile driving is based on
the ASTM D4945-96.

 PRIOR TO PILE INSTALLATION

Wave equation analysis is carried out to predicting the pile driving characteristic for the
pile/hammer combiations under differnet pile penetrations to obtain the driving behavior. The
wave equation analysis is used obtain the maximum soil resistance and to check whether the
pile can be driven by the hammer used to a final blowcount.
The output shall be :
 In the form of arelationship between pile capacity and driving behavior;
 An estimate of the final set (mm/blow);
 Relationship between driving stresses in the pile and penetration resistance.

 DURING PILE INSTALLATION

Measurement of pile and hammer performance and the following data during driving:
 Force in the pile;
 Maximum stress measured at the pile top;
 Soil resistance to driving;
 Pile integrity.

Immediate evaluation of the above data in the field will be made by an experienced
engineer to assess the capacity of the piles.

 AFTER PILE INSTALLATION

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The field instrumentation data will be processed and the following values will be
calculated on completion of driving:
 Energy of the hammer actually transmitted to the pile;
 Efficiency of the hammer at different operating pressures, strokes, etc;
 Total soil resistance , skin friction and tip resistance during driving;
 Magnitude of pile driving stress at the measured friction.

PDA Test Typical Set Up

 FINAL REPORT

A final report will be prepared on completion of the field work, incorporating results of
the tested piles together with the details of pile instrumentation and recording equipment,
records of the field measurements made and analysis of the measured data.

 TEST PROCEDURE

Dynamic pile test will be conducted on piled foundations at the end of driving or at
restrike for selected piles. The pile is to be at least 3 diameter or 1.0 m above the ground level
3 nos. each of 6mm diameter holes are drilled on opposite sides of the pile. The gauges are
then attached to the pile using Ramset plugs.
The client will supply and operate the piling hammer to induce a driving force on to the
pile. Dynamic measurement of force and velocity will be collected by gauges attached to the
pile (see Figures 2). This data will be processed by the PDA to give immediate visual and
permanent record onsite.

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A typical visual record is shown in figure 3. The PDA will provide on site results such
as:
 RMX-Mobilised static load capacity based on the CASE method;
 BTA Pile Integrity-localion and extent of damage;
 CSX - Pile stresses-maximum compression forces at top;
 EMX-Hammer Performance-maximum energy tranferred to the pile.

Typical Visual Record of PDA Test

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Result of PDA Test

 DATA ASSESSMENT AND CAPWAP ANALYSIS

a. The pile top force and velocity signals recorded in the field will be processed and a
representative will be selected for further analysis using the CAPWAP suite of
computer software.
b. CAPWAP analysis involves applying the measurement pile top forcel/velocity time
record as a boundary condition to a wave equation model of the pile comprising of
continuous segments.
c. The soil model is continuousty adjusted in an iterative procedure until the computed
pile top force time record is in close agreament to the measured pile top force time
record. When goods agreements is obtained between measured and computed pile top
data the soil resistance parameters are assumed to provide the best accurate model af
tha actual soil behavior.
d. A typical presentation of the CAPWAP results will be as follows :
 CAPWAP model – a match curve of computed pile top force to the measured pile
top force time record.
 Total computed soil capacity – sum of Skin Friction and Toe Bearing;
 Computed Load against Settlement curve.
 REPORTING
Initial results are normally available within 24 hours or two working days of the
completion of each test. These shall include the following:
 the assumed damping factor;
 the assumed wavespeed;
 the maximum force applied to the pile head;
 the maximum pile head velocity;

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 the maximum energy imparted to the pile;

 the maximum tension force experience by the pile;
 the field estimated static resistance;
 the maximum driving stresses;
A full report shall be submitted within 7 days of the completion of testing. This report
shall include the following:
 report all information given in preliminary report;
 information of pile size and working load;
 date of pile installation;
 date of test;
 pile identification and location;
 length of pile below existing surface;
 total pile length, including projection above existing surface at tme of testing;
 length of pile from instrumentation position to pile toe;
 hammer type;
 best estimated static capacity;
 pile Integrity;
 force/lvelocity versus time trace;
 computed load versus settlement;
 gauges calibration, certificate.

 EQUIPMENT
Crawler Crane : PC 200 (0.8 cum)
Pile Driving Analyzer : 1 Unit
Dial Gauge : 4 Unit

 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality control is the single most important element in a successful dynamic test. Every
stage in setting up and operation of the testing is subjected to through quality assurance
checking procedures. The equipment has many in built checking routines and signals warning
display.
Quality assurance procedures are also followed in data processing and CAPWAP
analysis. Check reviews and re-analysis will be carried out prior to final reporting. The
international acceptance of PDA/CAPWAP system and the proposal to use geotechnical
engineers trained and experienced in the application of the system are the key issues in
providing the necessary quality assurance.

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Pile Driving Analyzer

PDA Set Up

Gauge Attachment

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Gauge Attachment on opposite sides

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 Low-Strain Integrity Testing

PIT (Pile Integrity Testing) is a method of non-destructive integrity testing of pile

foundations, to check the integrity of precast piles and installed drill piles. This method can
detect pile foundation damage such as cracks, fractures and imperfect joints in precast pile
foundations, and changes in pile diameter (necking / bulging) in the bored pile foundation
and estimate the length of the pile. This test has been recognized and standardized in the
ASTM D-5882 Standard Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing of Deep

Foundations.
PIT of Driving Pile Foundation
 Advantages of Using PIT:
 Pile damage can be detected early;
 The existence of discontinuities in the pile can be seen;
 The approximate length of the pile can be found;
 The approximate pile profile can be found (for drill piles);
 Implementation is faster and more economical;
 Disturbance to activities in small fields;
 The equipment used is easy to carry and easy to operate.

 Number of PIT Tests:

The recommended number of PIT Tests is a minimum of 10% of the number of installed
pile foundations. When on that test, if some piles quality are not good enough, it is necessary
to do more intensive PIT testing, however , the PIT test number will subject to the project
specification requirement.
 Testing Preparation:
 To get the best results, the pile head must be flat, clean, easily accessible, and free
from stagnant water.

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 Completeness of data, such as data on the results of soil investigation of the project
location, pile data (for example: drilling data, volume of tested pile casting).

 Principle of Testing:
PIT is carry out by professional lab Engineer with a special hammer or instrumented
hammer and accelerometer is very sensitive to the pile head. The impact is carried out using a
hammer with a soft head, so that the pile does not experience significant deformation and
remains in an elastic state. A blow (impact) to the head of the pile generates a stress-wave
that travels from the head to the end of the pile. If the pile material is homogeneous, the
waves will travel at a constant speed. If the stress-wave gets disturbances, for example:
cracks, changes in the cross section of the pile, there is a connection, etc., the wave will be
reflected back to the pile head.
 Results Presented:
Due to the test speciality, the main contractor should take sufficient consideration for the
site preparation before the test commencement. The Consultant Engineer will come to site for
necessary witness base on the QA/QC inspection procedure.
The test result will present the following technical data and information:
 Velocity graphs
 Velocity wave graphs and signal matching (especially for drill pile foundations)
 Estimated length and profile of the pile foundation (specifically for drill pile
foundations).

 Lateral Pile Test

The pile lateral test is a test by applying a load in the direction perpendicular to the pile
(horizontal load) in accordance with the planned lateral load to measure the deflection that
occurs on the pile due to the lateral load. This lateral test is usually carried out at the cut of
level elevation or at the location where the greatest lateral load will occur. Lateral testing on
piles was carried out according to ASTM D3966-07 standard, “Standard Test Methods for
Deep Foundations Under Lateral Load”. Lateral testing on foundation piles can be carried out
using two methods, namely the pile to pile method and the Kentledge method.
Lateral testing carried out on foundation piles can be carried out by 2 methods which are
usually carried out on foundation piles, namely:
 Pile to pile mothod
Is a method that utilizes the pile around as a support to be able to provide a horizontal load
on the test pile.

 Kentledge method
Is a method that uses inanimate objects in the form of concrete, walls or any object that can
withstand literal forces.
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In testing the Lateral load test, it is necessary to have testing tools that are in
accordance with test standards and are operated by a professional in testing, the equipment
includes:

• Hydraulic Jacks

Must have the same or more capacity than the load to be tested.

• Hydraulic pumps

Is a unit of hydraulic jack tool

• Transfer beams

The transfer beam must be of suitable strength to prevent test failures

• Reference beam

The reference beam must have strong enough power so that it does not move during the test

• Load cells

The tool used to accurately measure the actual load on the test pile

• Pressure gauges

Is a tool used to control the pressure on the oil given to the hydraulic pump and hydraulic

• Jack Dial gauge

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Is a tool that is installed horizontally, and is used to be able to measure the amount of
deflection that exists on the pile when it is given a lateral load

• Steel plates

Used on the uneven surface of the foundation pile, so that the pressure on the hydraulic jack
can be upright on the surface of the pile.

 Test preparation

• Land preparation and test piles as well as the method to be used in the Lateral load test

• In preparation if using the Kentledge method, then prepare the loads to be used such as
concrete blocks or heavy objects that are 3x larger than the test load, if using pile to pile
prepare the two piles that will be the transfer beam as well as the number of plates that will
be used to accommodate distance.

• If the cut of level is below the evaluation of the soil, then an excavation is carried out to
evaluate the cut of level of the test pile.

• Before the test starts, a test is carried out on the test equipment using a load of about 5% of
the test load

Testing Procedure

After these preparations have been carried out, the procedure for testing is carried out with
loading, where loading begins and readings of dial gauges are carried out in accordance with
standards, each reading is recorded on the existing reading form and equipped with the actual
date and time, if a load is used. cell, the actual load cell reading results are also recorded on
the same or separate form, after these results have been filled in, the test results can be
submitted to the contractor to read the results of the test.

Testing Terms

In testing, there must be a condition or limit in carrying out the test, including the following:

1. There is damage to the foundation piles, if damage occurs the readings in the test will not
be appropriate, damage to the foundation piles in the form of cracks appearing around the dial
gauges.

2. Damage to the retaining structure or supporting beam

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3. The occurrence of excessive deflection to exceed the specified limit

4. Force majeure occurred

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F. Pile Cutting Method

Below descriptions are the basis of technical specification, a practical proposal about the
method of the pile cut off work, technical specification, construction method, etc.

1. Construction Preparation

When the precast square pile, the top elevation of the cast-in-place pile should be higher
than the design pile top elevation by 1 times the pile diameter to ensure the strength of the
pile foundation concrete, but the part of the pile head higher than the design elevation of the
pile top must be chiseled in the subsequent construction process. The work of removing this
part of the pile head concrete is called "breaking pile head".

1.1 Cut Pile Purpose:

In the process of concrete pouring, it is difficult to guarantee the strength of the mixed
slurry above the pile head.
The main reinforcement in the pile is driven as the reinforcement of the pile caps.
During the concrete pouring process, it is inevitable that the pile head part will fall into
the soil and other impurities. Therefore, the specification stipulates that the pile head
elevation is higher than the design elevation. For example: 500mm1000 mm during the
construction of concrete piles, and the pile head elevation is 800 mm—1000 mm higher
than the design elevation during the construction of the concrete piles in this project.
Prevent the effect of concrete necking caused by the lateral force of the soil on the
diameter of the pile body;

1.2 Machine & Equipment

S.N Equipment Application

1 Manual Pickaxe Broken guard posts;
2 Air compressor Clean top off the pile head;
Jack Hammer Cut a seam along the pile body 100mm above the pile top
3
elevation;
Used for crushing super-long pile heads and pile heads above
4 Small crusher
the cutting seam;

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2. Construction Method

According to the bill of quantity, the amount of the pile to cut off are:

1) Spun Pile Diameter 600mm: 2535 nos;

2) Spun Pile Diameter 300mm: 391 nos;

2.1 Construction Flow

Earthwork excavation to the elevation of the bottom of the pile cap → measuring and
setting out → measuring the elevation of the designed pile top → determination of the
position of the steel bar at the pile head → marking the elevation of the top of the pile on
the pile body → treatment of the seam at the top of the pile → cutting the seam to 200mm
above, and manually chiseling the protective layer to Expose the main reinforcement →
break the upper concrete → open the gap → strip the steel bar → deepen the gap → add
drilling and top breaking → lift off the broken body → remove the residual → clean the
pile head.

2.2 Construction Method

S.N Method
If the piles in this project are relatively dense, the super-long pile heads on the top of
1 the pile cap must be removed with a small crushing gun, and the lower part must be
removed manually;
The surveyor will measure the pile top elevation of each pile, and draw a cutting red
2 line along the pile top elevation (note that the pile head should extend into the cap or
bottom 10cm), and at the same time draw a control red line;
Determination of the position of the steel bar at the pile head, determine the position of
3 the steel bar before cutting to ensure that the steel bar will not be hurt during the
cutting process;
4 During construction, the construction team shall use a hand-held concrete cutter to cut
along the cutting line along the circumferential direction at the position of the pile top
required by the design (20 cm the band-shaped area above the cutting line is
temporarily referred to as the key construction area) along the cutting red line. The
cutting depth is generally about 3-5cm, and the cutting depth is adjusted according to
the thickness of the steel protective layer measured; it is slightly less than the thickness
of the steel protective layer (the thickness of the main reinforcement protective layer of
the enclosure pile 50mm), and the pile foundation steel bar must not be cut. The
purpose of setting the cutting line is to prevent damage to the effective pile body (the

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pile body below the cutting line) during the next construction step, that is, manual
chiseling of concrete in key construction areas. In some previous construction
methods, a second cutting line was set 15 ~ 20cm above the above cutting line, that is,
the entire key construction area was cut and separated, but one cutting line was enough
to protect the effective pile body, whether to increase the second cutting line The line
is determined according to the degree of damage to the pile head removed on site;
The air pick peels off the protective layer of the steel bar above the cutting seam. When
it is close to the cutting seam, a light air pick or manual chisel should be used to
prevent damage to the concrete of the pile body extending 10cm into the cap. The outer
5
side is slightly bent (not more than 30 degrees) to facilitate construction; the depth of
chiseling is the thickness of the protective layer of the steel bar, and the steel bar shall
not be damaged during chiseling;
When cutting the pile head, place 2-4 steel drills symmetrically at the same angle on
6 the same horizontal plane, and simultaneously strike the pile head with a
sledgehammer symmetrically to cut off the pile head;
The air pick is horizontally or slightly inclined upward to drill into the concrete in the
middle and upper parts of the key construction area, that is, the concrete on the
10cmleft and right sides of the pile top is required by the design, and the gap is
7
continuously deepened. The only reason why it is required to make a deepening gap
above the pile top 10cmis to reserve possible damage space for the drilling of the air
pick to prevent damage to the effective pile body;
When the depth of the notch reaches about 30cm, the top of the air pick and drill is
broken, and the drill bit is level or slightly upward. This step is the key to the whole
pile breaking process. The principle of drilling top fracture is that concrete is a brittle
material, and the characteristic of brittle material is that under the action of external
force, only a small deformation is generated, that is, the fracture is broken, and the
8
fracture surface is flush. The vertical upward force generated during the jacking
process of the pneumatic pick is enough to break the invalid pile above, and the broken
ends are flush. When cutting the pile head, place 2-4 pieces symmetrically at the same
angle on the same horizontal plane. Steel drill, the pile head is cut off by hitting
symmetrically at the same time with a sledgehammer.
9 The excavator lifts off the invalid pile body that has been broken off;
10 Manually chisel the remaining piles in the key construction areas, reach the pile top

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elevation required by the design, clear the pile head scum, and rinse it clean; all pile
heads must not be piled up around the pile cap, causing accidents, and must be shipped
out. Within 3km.
Finely trim the pile head, and use an air pick to finish the uneven part after the pile
11
head is jacked up.
Trimming the pile head: After cutting the pile head, manually chisel the pile head.
12 When the pile head is trimmed to 3-5cm above the cutting red line, it must be chiseled
from the periphery to the middle until it reaches the red line elevation.

2.3 Construction Detail Precaution

S.N Precaution
For the construction of the chiseled pile head, the removal depth must be strictly
1 controlled, and a height of 10 cm should be reserved to extend into the bearing
platform.
After the pile is broken, clean up the loose concrete fragments, and then rinse with
2 water to facilitate the concrete bonding. The length of the pile reinforcement anchored
into the cap or bottom plate shall meet the requirements of the design drawings;
When the pile head is chiseled, the concrete of the pile body is polluted, the concrete is
loose, the laitance is too thick, and the elevation after chiseling is lower than the
designed pile top elevation, it must be reported to the business department in time, and
3 it is strictly forbidden to deal with it without authorization . The head shall not be
excavated to find the pile to avoid damage to the pile head. The method of manually
finding the pile and cleaning the mud and soil must be used. All the pile heads need to
be ground manually with a small strain to meet the testing requirements.
There are more pile foundation drawings provided by the design department. At
present, the site is in the stage of urgent construction. In order to speed up the
construction progress on the site, the building connected to the pile height 2 adopts a
4
culvert pipe with an inner diameter of 1.2m, and is poured with K350 underwater
concrete. The other buildings in the area are connected to the piles using blockwork
tire molds and formwork support forms.
5 After the original core tube area is changed to a non-core tube area, earthwork shall be
excavated to the original design drawing elevation, and the elevation of the pile head
shall be removed until the longitudinal reinforcement exposes enough welding length,

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the lap length takes the maximum value. For engineering piles whose connecting
length is less than the lap length, the construction shall be considered according to the
drawings will provide by the design department.
 After the earthwork is excavated to the design elevation, the pile head shall be
broken. Due to the change of the previous design, after the pile head is broken and
the length of the leaked anchor bars outside the pile head is seriously insufficient,
the excavation shall be continued downward until the anchors are exposed. The
drawing of the pile connection method required by the design department.
 Except for the core tube area, when the length of the steel bars leaking from other
engineering piles is insufficient, if the steel bar lap welding method is adopted, the
welding length of one side shall be 10d, and the overlapped steel bars shall be meet
the requirements.
 The leaking anchor bars at the pile head are broken during the construction of the
broken pile head, and the reinforcement construction shall be carried out according
to the node diagram provided by the design department.
6
 If the reinforcement cage is off-set and there is no protective layer, excavate down
to the position with the protective layer, remove the soil, and seal it with waterproof
mortar to ensure that the steel bar has a protective layer. The thickness of the
protective layer is 50mm.
 When the pile head is broken and there are cracks in the surrounding concrete, the
bell mouth is left around the pile head and poured at the same time as the pile cap
concrete, and the cushion concrete shall not be poured.
 The anchorage length of the leaking steel reinforcement at the pile head should be
calculated from the bottom reinforcement of the pile cap to ensure that the
anchorage length of the steel reinforcement is satisfied.
 Make sure that the pile head is flat and the full section is in contact with the pile
cap.

3. Pile head quality defects & treatment methods

1) Common pile head defects

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Pile head defect is a common and important quality problem of reinforced

concrete bored piles. Generally, when the foundation trench is excavated and the pile
head is broken to the design pile top elevation, if the pile body (visible part) below the
design elevation has the following conditions, it is a pile head defect:

The anchorage length of the main reinforcement does not meet the design
requirements;
Insufficient mud and concrete strength;
The protective layer is not enough and the ribs are leaking. The pile head defect must
be dealt with, otherwise it cannot be connected with the superstructure. To deal with
the pile head defect, corresponding measures should be taken according to the nature
of the defect;

2) Defect handling measures

The anchorage length of the main reinforcement does not meet the design
requirements
Phenomenon: the main bar is broken, the main bar is exposed and the pile head is too
short
Action: Double-sided lap welding
Process flow: cleaning pile head → chisel pile → slag cleaning → welding →
concrete repair
Construction sequence: Clean the pile head and the concrete at the reinforced part of
the pile head with a chisel to expose the original main reinforcement for not less than
48d. The chiseled concrete ground should be left as a flat surface or slightly inclined
to the center of the pile, and should not be left to the outside of the pile. For sloping
slopes, use steel wire to clean the steel bars to be welded, and carry out construction
according to the large sample of planting bars provided by the design. Clean the
residual concrete in the foundation groove, pour the top beam cushion, and use K350
concrete to pour after the inspection and acceptance by the supervisors;

The thickness of the protective layer is not enough and the ribs are leaking
Phenomenon: The main reinforcement of the pile body leaks out
Action: Refill concrete
Technological process: manual digging → cleaning the pile body → tying steel bars →
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pouring concrete
Construction sequence: Manual digging, the width of the digging groove expands along the
pile body, and the depth of the digging groove is 10 20cm~ 15cmbelow the exposed steel bar.
Clean the concrete surface of the original pile body with a wire brush, compact the
foundation soil, and pour the cushion. After acceptance by the on-site supervisors, pour K350
concrete;

Insufficient mud and concrete strength

Phenomenon: pile top concrete is mixed with mud
Measures: Remove the muddy parts and pour concrete
Technological process: chisel pile → clean pile head, steel bar → pour concrete 10~
15cmaway from the minimum mud-filled surface, chisel the pile head flat, and clean the pile
head and steel bars. Then the soil at the bottom of the pile is backfilled and compacted in
layers, the slope is manually repaired, and the concrete cushion is poured. Prevent debris
from entering the pile pit, and pour K350 concrete after acceptance by on-site supervisors;

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G. Pile Cap & Tie Beam Construction

 Working Method

Foundations are structures used to support columns and walls and move loads to
the soil layer. Among the several types of reinforced concrete foundations commonly
used are types of wall foundations, single column foundations or local foundations,
combined foundations, raft or mat or floating foundations, strap foundations, and pile
caps. Pile cap is used to tie a pile that has been installed. Pile cap dimensions can vary
depending on the number of embedded poles. The function of the pile cap is to accept
the load from the column which will then continue to be spread to the pile. In pile cap
work, care must be taken from the initial work of the pile cap such as excavation of
the soil to the pile cap that has been casted to its treatment concrete is a mixture of
cement, aggregate, water and added ingredients with the right dose and created with
selected materials, quality and pass the feasibility test for casting needs

Before doing formwork process for the pile caps, we need to know the volume of
pile cap area we working for, the excavation works are 11.295 m² and the blockwork
formwork are 5.287 m³ for all area at Ignite Data Centre Piling Works Include Pilecap
and Earth Mat Project.

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Pilecap Works Scheme

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1. Preparation
 Preparation of K3 (Safety and Occupational Health), It is a first step stage a company
has to do before starting work.
 Drawing Reading, Shop Drawing which is the basis work implementation. With
shops drawing can be known in detail construction characteristics, specifications
structural elements to be built, shows the dimensions of a construction.
 Field Cleaning Work, Field cleaning work consists of from cleaning the land from the
rest of the excavation, iron, trash, and other materials that unwanted and annoying
existence.
 Measurement Work, Measurement aims to regulate based pile cap axle point shop
drawings followed by installation of stakes as pile cap for get the position right on
when drilling. Theodolite is used and spirit level. After reading done marking the axle
on the work floor.
 Preparation of Tools and Materials, Check the condition of heavy equipment the
machine, so that when it works takes place there are no such obstacles damage the
machine and the material reinforcement can also be assembled

2. Excavation

Below descriptions are the basis of technical specification, a practical

proposal about the method of the earth works such as excavation, backfilling, and
compaction.

Excavation shall be carried out in accordance with the lines and depth
indicated on the drawings or as established by the company. The dewatering
mentioned in this specification shall be limited to pumping and disposal of
accumulated water due to rains, seepage, water table and/or due to any other cause,
from the excavations to an approved location. This shall exclude special dewatering
techniques such as well pointing, coffer dams etc.

2.1. Reference
S.N Reference
1 SKBI Indonesian Building Construction Standards
2 SNI 03-1743-2008 Heavy Density Test Method for Soil
3 SNI 03-3422-2008 Soil Shrinkage Limit Test Method
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4 SNI 03-2828-2011 Field Density Testing Method with Sand Cone Tool
5 AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials
6 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
7 DC5B _ Spec 01 Structural Concrete Works
8 Other Applicable Regulations with Consultant Approval

2.2. Technical Specification

According to the tender specification, requirement of excavation method are
as follows in this table:

S.N Method Standard

1 Excavation 1） The Contractor shall note that any excavations for the
construction of the substructures shall not in any way affect or
cause subsidence to any of the existing structures and areas.
2） For pile cap excavation:
 Contractor shall excavate to cut off excess length of piles
and for pile caps.
 Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to avoid
damaging or displacing the piles
3) Prior to excavation for footing foundations, the Contractor
may he required to construct temporary covers for all footing
foundations without piles to prevent rainwater from getting
into the excavations. This work shall however he stipulated in
the Supplementary Specification if so required.
4) The Contractor shall excavate, locate, identify and inspect all
piles over which pile caps, beams or columns are to be
constructed. Contractor shall straighten pile reinforcements
for anchoring pile caps, carry out excavations, erect formwork
and temporary timbering for the construction of pile caps and
ground beams. The Contractor shall allow in his Tender Sum
the cost of enlarging the pile caps by average 75 mm in width
and in length.

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5) The bottom of excavations shall be cleaned and if in loose or

disturbed ground shall be well rammed and the whole shall he
approved before it is covered with a blinding layer of lean
concrete not less than 50 mm thick. The required cover of
concrete under the reinforcement shall he entirely above the
blinding layer.
Excavated material suitable for use as backfill and
embankment material may be deposited by the contractor in
Proposed storage piles at points convenient for re-handling of the material
2
Backfill during the backfilling and embankment operations. The location
of the storage piles shall however, be subject to the approval of the
company.
1) The contractor shall furnish approved power operated or
power driven hand operated compactor to compact fill and cut
areas. Compaction by flooding with water or jetting shall not
be permitted.
2) If the fill or degree of compaction is unsatisfactory, necessary
Proposed adjustment shall be made until the appropriate compaction
3
Compaction requirements are met. Material placed over layers which are
not satisfactorily compacted shall be removed and
unsatisfactory areas shall be compacted as per specifications
and as directed by the company. The contractor shall arrange
to conduct a Standard Proctor Test whenever required by the
company without additional cost.
Proposed All suitable excavated material shall be used for backfill.
Disposal of Material which is not needed or not suitable for backfill shall be
4
Excavated disposed off at designated areas.
Material

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2.3. Construction Flow Chart

Earthwork Construction Sequence

Site Clearance, Dewatering, etc.

Prepare the Access to Equipment and Earthmoving Machinery

Excavation Backfilling Compaction

Quality testing & inspection on Site Finished Product

2.4. Method Description

1.1 Excavation

Excavation Method:
1) Excavation works start after 50% of pile driving progression to save time
2) During the process of excavation works, site condition shall be maintained with the
provision of good drainage systems;
3) During the progress of excavation, it shall be allowed to utilize machineries except
places where the use of such machineries shall damage nearby objects, structures or
works which have been done or completed previously. In this case works shall be
carried out by utilizing hand tools.
4) In the event that damages occurred to the building or the building become collapse
due to the excavation works so that the contractor shall be responsible for such

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damages including all things or objects affected. The contractor shall pay the cost in
full for such damages.
5) The contractor shall carry out sufficient protections and maintenance for portion of
works above ground and also underground, drainage, waste water channels and other
obstacles which encountered in the implementation of the work.
6) Excavation slope shall be made in the proportion of minimum 1(one) part in
horizontal position to 1(one) part in vertical position, except otherwise shown in the
drawing or as directed by the Construction Manager.
7) General soil excavation:
 General/ordinary soil excavation shall include all excavations except for rock
excavations, construction excavations or material excavations and other raw
materials.
 When the Construction Manager requests the Contractor to do so, the Contractor
shall demolish and remove any unwanted materials resulting from excavation
works to other specified place.
 When those unwanted materials shall be removed from the site, then fill soil used
for back filling any of those pot holes left shall be compacted.
 When those unwanted materials are located under the ground water level, then soil
and other materials as the fill material shall use sands or other grainy materials, to
a thickness of minimum 30 cm above ground level. In this situation, compaction
works may not necessary on condition that the Construction Manager approved.
8) Rock excavation (if any)
Rock excavations consist of excavations/removal of stones and rocks on excavated
area including conglomerate stones which in the opinion of the Construction Manager
shall be excavated and removed.

9) Analysis of construction obstacle in excavation:

S.N Obstacle
All excavations as mentioned in the construction excavation consist of: building floor
structures, existing building foundations, road / lawn pavements, piping/ electrical
1 cables, gas pipes, drinking water pipes, ditches and other constructions as stated in this
Specifications.

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This work include works to back fill any pot holes left by excavation works by using
proper materials from any material types approved by the Construction Manager,
2
remove excessed material from site, drain out or pump out any water available on site
where necessary, demolitions and other works related to this work.
Prior to the start of excavation works, the Contractor shall inform the Construction
3 Manager in advance to ensure that the area, level and its measurement could be carried
out on the available land condition before affected by any work activities.
Excavation for foundations or other construction works shall be excavated to the slope
limitations and levels as shown on the design drawings or as directed by the
4 Construction Manager. Those excavations shall have sufficient dimensions so that the
placement of the construction structures with dimensions as shown on the design
drawing could be implemented without any difficulties.
Hard rocks, other materials which are hard enough and allowed to become part of the
foundation base/construction shall be cleaned from any loose materials and shall be cut
5 in such a way to make it in a strong form with smooth surface plane as directed by the
Construction Manager. All existing cracks and slits shall be cleaned and filled with
mortar. All loose materials, weathered rocks and other thin layers shall be removed.

10) Soil Excavation Precautions:

S.N Precautions
In order not to affect the surrounding environment and prevent the dust from being too
large, a car washing tank is set up at the door to wash the vehicles passing by, and the
1
roads are regularly sprayed with water to reduce dust. Cover the excavator to keep soil
from littering the road.
The excavation of each layer of earthwork must be precisely controlled in elevation to
2
prevent over-excavation, and the over-excavation part is filled with concrete.

3. Pile Cutting
 After digging the ground, then do the next step PC head cutting piles. Only cutting of
bore piles is permitted done after the pole is stable, and shows no more indications
movement

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4. Blockwork Formwork
The propose excavation method are as follow:

 After prepare the foundation hole, then the work sequence as follow below :
 For Pilecap thickness above 1000mm

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 For Pilecap thickness below 1000mm

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 After Spraying Anti Termite solution, then 5 cm thick compacted sand filling work,
the bottom of the hole must be dry to do the commissioning work sand above the
original soil surface followed by concrete brick installation alongside the foundation
area refer to the drawing

Fig. Blockwork Formwork

5. Backfilling & Lean Concrete

 After blockwork formwork has strong enough, need to backfill the area

The proposed requirement of backfill method are as follows in this table:

S.N Description
1 No backfilling shall be done without the approval of the company.
2 Before backfilling the contractor shall ensure that the area to be backfilled is free from
excess water. All water, in excess to that required to provide the optimum moisture
content will be removed by pumping or by any other suitable method. Also all
construction material and other undesirable material shall be removed before

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backfilling operation is started.

All over excavated spaces shall be backfilled. Backfill material shall be free from large
3
lumps or other extraneous material.
Contractor shall conduct trial fill and compaction to determine the most suitable
4 combination from type of compaction equipment, compaction thickness and number of
passes to achieve the required degree of compaction.
Backfill for less than 4m height, filling shall be placed in layer not more than 300 mm
5 in depth, the following are minimum parameter for each layer, yd = 95% and CBR =
6%.
Backfill for more than 4m height, filling shall be placed in layer not more than 300 mm
in depth for last 4m height and not more than 450 mm in depth for layer below based
6
on trial fill result with company approval, please refer to point 4.2.d, the following are
minimum parameter for each layer, yd = 95% and CBR = 6%.
Backfill Shall be compacted to a density comparable with the adjacent and undisturbed
7 material. Each layer of backfill material shall be wetted uniformly to the moisture
content required to obtain the specified density.
Unless otherwise provided by the plans or special provisions, hand tamping will not be
accepted as an alternative for mechanical compaction. The approved material used in
8 backfilling shall be free of any appreciable amount of gravel or stone particles more
than 100 mm in greatest dimension and of such gradation as to permit thorough
compaction.
When, in the opinion of the company, such material is not readily available, the use of
rock or gravel mixed with earth will be permitted, in which case no particles larger
9 than 150mm in greatest dimension and 50mm in least dimension may be used, and the
percentage of fines shall be sufficient to fill any voids and insure a uniform and
thoroughly compacted mass of proper density.

The propose General fill material requirements:

a) The source for fill material shall have sufficient stocks to ensure the availability and
continuity of fill soil supply required by the owner.
b) All fill materials shall obtained approval from the Construction Manager for its
quality and its source prior to be brought in and used in the work site.

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c) Fill material which has organic soil content, roots, rubbish and other materials shall
not be used as fill material. Such material shall be removed and shall be kept in an
approved dumping location or as directed by the Construction Manager.
d) Fill material which have been placed in the area to be filled but not met the standard
required as fill material, shall be removed and dumped to outside of the site and shall
be replaced by fill materials which conform to the standard required. All costs
incurred for such replacement shall be borne by the Contractor.
e) Mud layer or soft soil available on site shall be removed by raking it prior to the start
of fill works. During the process of raking and filling, those areas shall be kept free
from water.
f) The compaction and compression shall be carried out in accordance with the article
mentioned on that subject in this paragraph and its continuation.
g) During heavy rain, no fill work or compaction work shall be carried out. When water
found on the top layer of the fill or compacted surface, the Contractor shall make
water channels on those surfaces to drain out the water available until the proper
water content shall be achieved and then shall be re-compacted.
h) The surface level of the site after filled and compacted shall achieve an elevation level
as shown on the design drawing.
 Compaction trial
a) The Contractor shall be responsible for choosing the method and equipment used
for compaction to achieve a required compaction standard.
b) Compaction trial shall be carried out with a various number of tracks passed by
the compaction equipment used and its water content shall be monitored to
achieve a required compaction standard/value.
c) The result from such trial process then shall be used as reference for the actual
compaction works.
d) Testing of fill material quality shall be carried out periodically for the fill
material carried in and used in the project site. For every 1000 m3 of fill material
entered to project site, minimum shall be carried out one test of Active Value as
required in “Requirements of fill material”.

5.1. Compaction

5.1.1. Compaction using plate compactor

Before Starting The Operation

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Always check the manufacturer’s manual and check whether all parts are present.
Familiarize yourself with the controls of the machine and check the necessary dos and
1
don’ts that may cause the compactor to not work. Also check your working environment
if there are any obstruction that can cause the compactor to break.
Check the tightness of the bolts & nuts. Fix unsteady bolts that may cause the thread to
2
be loosen that may cause damage during vibration.
Check engine oil tank. Before doing so, always make sure that the engine is not working
3 and must be in a stable position. Refer to the manual for the recommended oil level and
type. Do not overfill as it may cause it to leak.
Check fuel tank. Like the oil tank, visually check if the fuel is in the recommended level
as per manufacturer’s manual. When filling, always make sure that the engine is not
4
turned on and should not be hot, have it cooled down first. If spillage happens, wipe it up
and never turn on the machine unless it is all dried up.
Check Air cleaner and filters if dirt and dust are present. Always clean and if needed,
5
replace the filters.

1) Operating the Compactor

a) Wear the necessary protection for eye and hearing.
b) Turn on the fuel valve lever. After doing so, move the throttle lever to idle or
between the max and the slow speed. Now place the choke lever in an open
position.
c) Grasp the starter grip and slowly pull it up. Avoid pulling the rope all the way to
the end and never quickly release, allow it to rewind. When the engine starts,
release the starter grip and allow it to recoil.
d) Now when the engine starts, check for any leaks, unusual noise and if it is
working smoothly. You can now move the throttle lever to run position.
e) Push down the handlebar and maneuver the compactor to your desired location.
Be careful in travelling it forward or backward in flattening your surface. Firmly
hold on to the grip to move it in your desired position.
f) Compactors sometimes slows down but it could be from different reasons. One
could be that a clay or similar material lodged on the plate. Another factor is the
soil being compacted is in a high moisture level.
2) Soil Compaction

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Soil is classified into three types: sandy, clayey and silt soil. Sandy soils are
coarse so it feels gritty when felt between fingers. They have no cohesive strength
which tends to crumble when picked up. Clayey soils are smooth and are more
cohesive which means it is stickier when water is present.

a) Add your soil to the area and start misting it with water. Avoid throwing off too
much water as it will get sticky and harder to compact. You can attach low-nozzle
on your hose.
b) Wait for a couple of minutes until the water is soaked in your soil.
c) After the soil drained the water, add more water until the soil get the adequate
amount.
d) Now, start plate compacting in a straight direction going through all the corners of
your lot. Always check whether your soil is wet enough.
e) Check the firmness of the soil and compact until you get the desired stability.
f) Once done, avoid other activities on the area and wait until it is dry.

Figure 2 – Soil Plate Compactor Illustration

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5.1.2. Compaction Quality Control

Compaction test shall be carried out on each layer of compacted fill work in
accordance with SNI 03-2828=1992. In the event that the result of each test shows
that the compaction shall be less than as specified, then the Contractor shall repair his
works until it meets the required standard without any additional cost.

S.N Test Detail

1) Equipment used for CBR inspection on site consists of:
 Mechanical CBR jack with a capacity of 10 ton complete
with swivel head and proving ring (testing ring) with a
capacity of 1.5ton, 3 ton and 5 ton or as required, penetration
piston and connecting pipes.
 Pointing wristwatch for measuring penetration with accuracy
of 0.01mm completed with + 2.5 m length of supporting
beam made of profiled steel.
 Weight or load pieces with a diameter of 2.5 cm with a hole
on its center weight of 5 kg and other additional weight or
Testing by CBR
load of 2.5 kg each for additional weight when required.
1 inspection on site.
 A truck loaded with weight as required, on the backside of
the truck shall be installed a mechanical CBR jack.
 Two truck jacks, excavation tools, stamper tools, spreader
tools and other required testing tools.
2) This test shall be carried out to inspect CBR (California
Bearing Ratio) directly on site. CBR shall be a ratio between
penetration weight for a soil layer or pavement against
standard material with the same depth and penetration speed.
3) The Contractor shall carry out on site CBR test for the last
compacted layer which shall be expected that its value in
accordance with the design drawing.
2 Maximum Dry Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of
Density and soil shall be determined by one of the methods described in
Optimum Moisture ASTM D1557-70 (AASHTO T180-74) commonly known as the
Content Standard Proctor Test. Any compaction shall achieve the

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compaction to the extent so as to give minimum of 85% of

maximum density as determined by Standard Proctor Test.
(Refer to Density for Cohesive Soil & Density for Cohesion
Soil).
At the time of compacting areas where high density is
required, fill material and the surface on which it is placed shall
be within the specified range of moisture content. The
Contractor shall not compact fill until it is within the range
Moisture Control required for moisture content. He shall add an accurately
3
determined and carefully measured amount of water to materials
or surfaces which are too dry. He shall spread out to dry,
material which is too wet, and if necessary, disk, harrow or
pulverize it by hand or mechanical means. (Refer to Density for
Cohesive Soil & Density for Cohesion Soil).
1) The contractor shall proof roll stripped and cut areas under
company direction, to determine if soft spots exist in the
area. He shall use a loaded dump truck, compaction roller, or
similar approved compacting equipment. The type, size and
weight of the equipment to be used shall be as directed by
Proof Rolling the company.
4
2) The contractor shall place and compact fill material in low
spots. If wet or spongy areas are revealed, he shall notify the
company so that corrective measures may be determined.
Areas which support structures shall be inspected during
proof rolling and approved by the company before further
earthwork operations are performed.
5 Density for For soils having 30% or more, by weight, of particles passing
Cohesive Soil a No, 200 sieve, required relative compaction, as determined by
one of the method described in ASTM D1557-70 (AASHTO
T180-74), or Standard Proctor Test and expressed as a
percentage of maximum dry density, and moisture content, at the
time of compaction shall be ass follow:

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Soil having less than 30% by weight, of particles passing a

No 200 sieve, required relative compaction as determined by one
of the method described in ASTM D1557-70 (AASHTO T180-
74), or Standard Proctor Test and expressed as a percentage of
maximum dry density as follows:
Density for
6
Cohesion Soil

5.1.3. Disposal of Surplus Soil

All suitable excavated material shall be used for backfill. Material which is not
needed or not suitable for backfill shall be disposed. from the construction site. The
Contractor shall remove and dispose all excavated soil from bore pile holes to the
outside of the site/project area or to a certain place as directed by the Construction
Manager.

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6. Installation of reinforcement
Below descriptions are the basis of the specification, technical specification, a
practical proposal about the method bar schedule, bar bending, assembling and erection.

1. Reference
S.N Reference
1 SNI 07-2052-2002 Standar Nasional Indonesia Baja Tulangan Beton
2 ANSI / AWS D1.4 Reinforcement Steel Welding Procedures
3 ASTM A 184 M Standard Specification of Threaded Steel bar for Fabricated
Cage
4 ASTM A 496-9 Standard Specification of Steel Wire for Reinforced Concrete
5 ASTM A 615 Standard Specification of Threaded and Rolled Plain Steel bar
for Reinforced Concrete
6 ASTM A 645M-96a Standard Specification of Threaded Rolled and Plain Steel bar
7 ASTM A 82 Standard Specification of Plain Reinforcement Wire for
Concrete Reinforcement
8 BS8666 Specification for Scheduling, Dimensioning, Bending and
Cutting of Steel Reinforcement for Concrete
9 Other Applicable Regulations with Consultant Approval

2. Technical Specification
All concrete steel bars shall be new, quality and dimensions shall be in accordance with
standard of Indonesia and shall be approved by the Construction Manager.

2.1 Cutting, Bending, and Placing Reinforcement Specification

S.N Specification
The contractor shall provide approved equipment and the necessary skilled manpower
1 to carry out the cutting / bending, tying and placing rebar in position as shown on the
drawings.
2 The rebar shall be cut and bent using a rebar cutting / bending machine as per the
lengths and numbers required by the drawing (Shop drawing/BBS-bar bending
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schedule). All lengths cut shall include the necessary allowance for bends, laps and
kinks. All bending shall be done in smooth even motion. Any bar showing signs of
crack or rupture shall be rejected.
For straightening the bar cold working methods shall be used as far as possible. In case
of large diameter bars; heating of bars is allowed but only in case of mild steel round
3 bars. The mild steel bars heated for straightening shall not be quenched by pouring
water or by any other method. No deformed bars shall be heated for bending and / or
cutting or for any other purpose.
Rebars shall be positioned as shown in the drawing and shall be tied by 16 G, steel
4 annealed wire. In case of slabs or footings at least every alternate junction shall be tied
in both directions (tied shall be zig-zag type).
Laps shall be provided as follows:
 Mild Steel - 50 times diameter at least.
5
 Deformed steel - 40 times diameter. (Preferable 50 times diameter)
 B.R.C. Mesh - 150 mm on all sides.
All such laps shall be jointly recorded before concrete is poured. All laps shall be tied
adequately with 16 G annealed steel wire. The joint record of laps shall be used for
6
reconciliation purpose only (incase the reinforcement steel material is supplied by
company).
No deformed bar shall be welded to another deformed bar or a mild steel bar unless
7 approved by the company. Welding can be carried out by using proper electrodes
specified for such welding.

2.2 Concrete Cover

The cover for reinforcement shall be as under, for various elements of structures. These
shall be achieved by means of readymade cover blocks of the quality approved by the
company or shall be made on site as required. Any cover block damaged during placing the
rebar shall be immediately replaced. All labor for fabrication of cover blocks of all sizes and
erecting them shall be in the Contractor's scope. concrete cover to reinforcement shall be as
follows:

 75 mm at bottom and 50 mm at side for works below ground and in contact with
water

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 50 mm for stump
 40 mm for columns and walls
 50 mm at top and 40 mm at side and bottom of beams
 25 mm for top and bottom of floor slabs

2.3 Bar Schedule

Bar schedule and details are described below for reference purposes:

1) Minimum scheduling radii, former diameters and bend allowances

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2) Standard shapes, their method of measurement and calculation of length

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3) Tolerance

4) Radius of Bending

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5) Minimum anchorage bond lengths and tap lengths as multiples of bar size

6) In addition the lap length shall be modified under the following conditions

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3. Construction Flow Chart

Quality Testing and Steel Bar Quality Rebar Storage

Adjust Rebar by Line Field Welding Specimen Rebar Fabrication

Tie the Base Reinforcement

Main Beam Reinforcement
Column & Wall Stud Positioning

Tie the Upper Rebar Tie the Beam Reinforcement

Tie the Column & Wall Horizontal Reinforcement

Finished Product Protection

Place the Spacer

4. CONSTRUCTION METHOD

4.1 Definition
Steel bar is hot rolled steel bar, cold reduced steel wire or steel fabric which
have composition, manufacture, chemical characteristic and physically suitable.

4.2 Rebar Fabrication

1) Bar Bending and Cutting

a) Bending of reinforcement must be done with a bending machine which has been
approved.
b) The Contractor shall provide facilities for manual bending tools at Project location to
make adjustments in Field.
c) Concrete reinforcing steel must be bent/formed carefully according to with the shapes
and sizes indicated on the plan drawings.
d) All reinforcing bars must be cold bent.
e) Bending of reinforcement by heating (hot bending) does not allowed.

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f) Reinforcement steel shall not be straightened or bent back in a way that could damage
the material. Reinforcing bars with bends that are not shown in the design drawings
may not worn.
g) Galvanized reinforcement shall comply with BS729 and shall be done after cutting, but
before bending reinforcement.

Figure 3 - Bar Bending and Cutting Illustration

2) Bar Assembling
 Rebar Joints
a) The form and connection system of reinforcing steel must be in accordance with plan
drawing.
b) Overlap at the joints of the main reinforcement must be at least in accordance with the
standard reinforcement detail on the working drawings.
c) Overlap at joints for secondary reinforcement bars at least it must be in accordance
with the standard for reinforcement details in the picture work.
d) Welding of Structural Joints
 Welding of structural joints is not permitted, unless with special approval from
the Court.
 Connection with spot welds on reinforcing bars is not permitted, except in a
state of necessity but must get MK approval.
 The connection with point welds on galvanized reinforcement is not allowed.
e) Mechanical Joints
 Mechanical joints are used only in the positions indicated in plans unless
otherwise specified and has been approved by the Constitutional Court.

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 The method of installing mechanical joints must be in accordance with factory

recommendation.
 All mechanical connections must be able to withstand a minimum 125% of the
yield strength of reinforcing steel.

Figure 4 - Base Reinforcement Rendering Illustration

 Rebar Assembling Precautions:

S.N Item Description

Collect the sump well steel bars first, and then the bottom floor
steel bars. After the slab bars are bound, lead the walls,
1 Assembling Steps
columns, and stair lines to the surface of the previous batch of
steel bars for inserting and fixing.

2 Marker Line Before binding, according to the spacing of the steel mesh,
calculate the number of steel bars actually needed for the base
plate (check the list of steel materials), make the steel bar near
the base protection wall be 50mm away from the edge of the
formwork, and first pop a black ink line on the waterproof
concrete protective layer and release the position edge of the
sump, wall, column, and stair foundation beam. In order to be
eye-catching and easy to locate and insert ribs in the future, red
paint triangles are drawn every 2.0m on each sideline. Draw a
red triangle at each corner of the wall column and extend the
edge. When the rebar is in place, place the rebar according to

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S.N Item Description

the rebar position line.

For sump pits and large-area base plates, the short direction
Reinforcement should be laid first for lowering the net, and the long direction
3 Placing Steps should be laid last, and the opposite is the case for online
access.

All steel bar joints on the base plate are connected by straight
Connector threads, and the connection position of the upper and lower
4 location steel bars shall meet the requirements of design and
construction specifications.

The spacer is made of C30 concrete. The material used for the
concrete should be the same as the material used for the base
plate. The aggregate can be 10mm, and the stainless-steel wire
5 Spacer Making
is built in for easy fix ratio. Spacer should be made 30 days in
advance, and can be used only after the curing strength reaches
C30.

Assembling of steel bars on outer walls, inner walls, etc: The

vertical height of steel bars in this part is relatively large.

6 Dowel Bar Fixing Before assembling, temporary steel bars should be erected to
support steel bars. After the steel bars are connected and bound,
the support frame should be removed.

All the intersection points of the steel mesh on the platform and
the bottom plate should be tied firmly, using positive and
Assembling negative buckle binding, and the adjacent binding points should
7 Requirements be in a figure-eight shape to prevent the mesh from being
skewed and deformed. All binding wires are directed towards
the interior of the concrete.

8 Support Design Due to the thick base plate and the large self-weight of the steel
bars, I-shaped stirrups are used for support during construction.

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S.N Item Description

The horse stool is made of Φ25 steel bars connected with 50×50
angle irons. The stirrup angle irons should be firmly bound with
the steel bars under the bottom plate.

According to the good position line, project the opening,

column edge line, and the starting position line of the ladder
board to the steel bar on the Internet, and insert the bar
according to the specifications and spacing required by the
drawing. Bind the insertion bars of the walls and columns deep
into the foundation firmly, and the depth of insertion into the
foundation should meet the anchoring length. Wall and column
insert bars and stubble shall be staggered by 50%.

Wall and column Two limit horizontal bars are set in the slab for wall inserts, one
9 reinforcement for lower net and one for upper net. In addition, two temporary
limit horizontal bars and horizontal ladder bars are set on the
concrete surface; four column bars are set in the slab Limit
stirrups, one for the upper and lower nets, two at equal intervals
within the height of the middle plate, and two temporary limit
stirrups and column spacers on the concrete surface. The rib
and the wall column rib are bound firmly to ensure that the rib
is vertical, not skewed, not toppled, and not in place. Refer to
the figure for the fixing of the wall column reinforcement.

3) Rebar Erection and Installation

 Rebar hoisting

Tower cranes and/or car cranes will be used for the installation of the fabricated
rebar. Some of the rebars will be hoisted directly to several distributed points on the
floor or to the working platform where rebar’s installation works are taking place and
others will be hoisted after being assembled at the site.

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The hoisting method includes the following steps:

S.N Steps Details

Adopt a hoist with main and auxiliary hoisting
hooks and prepare the main hoisting assembly and
the auxiliary hoisting assembly, lay the steel cage
Preparation for lifting
1 horizontally, and then hook the prepared main
hoisting assembly and the auxiliary hoisting
assembly on the main and auxiliary hoisting hooks
respectively;
The hoisting points are set respectively in the
direction extending from the axial ends of the steel
cage to the center. The main lifting point and the
auxiliary lifting point are respectively set. The main
lifting point is set on the steel cage at the horizontal
2 Hoisting Points
diameter of the horizontal steel cage. The main
hoisting component and the auxiliary hoisting
component are respectively connected with the
main hoisting point and the auxiliary hoisting point
on the rebar cage;
The main and auxiliary hooks of the crane are
hoisted at the same time, and after the steel cage
leaves the ground, the auxiliary hook always keeps
the lower end of the steel cage at a distance of 0.5-
3 Lifting 1.0 meters from the ground, and the main hook
continues to lift upward, and the steel cage
gradually Stand upright until it is perpendicular to
the ground, turn the crane to align the steel cage
with the drilled hole and put it into the drilled hole;

 Rebar Installation

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a) The rebars installation procedure will be supervised by the site engineers of the
contractor. Each position of site engineer has a duplicate staff, thus night time rebar
installation will cause no problem in items of supervision.
b) Columns and beams rebars will be assembled as far as possible mainly at the Stock
Yard and then hoisted to the designated place by tower cranes using trying to hold the
rebar configuration in place. If necessary, supplement bars or angles will be added
temporarily to increase the rigidity of the prefabricated rebar. Because of the
congestion of rebars within the column, a part of beam rebar’s still need to be
assembled in place.
c) Column rebar will be also assembled to some extent at the Stockyard. Column main
bars will be tied completely with column ties before being hoisted by tower cranes and
positioned to the designated places. To hold pre-assembled rebar’s in place tying shall
be done.
d) Wall & slab rebars will be usually hoisted as bundles carried from the stockyard and
installed manually by steel fixers. However, if the site condition allows, a portion of
wall vertical rebar might be temporarily assembled at the stockyard for efficient
installation.
e) Rebar will be tied firmly with approved wires at the designated spots. Approved
supports, chairs and spacers with various shapes and dimensions will be placed
underneath or at sides of rebar’s to ensure the correct concrete cover required in the
contract documents for each structural element.
f) The prefabricated rebar cages shall be tied firmly to keep rebar configuration
undisturbed during the hoisting operations.

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Figure 5 - Rebar Installation Illustration

 Rebar Storage
1) Storage of steel bars shall be placed in such a way so as not to touch ground surface and
shall be prevented not to get contaminated by other materials.
2) Steel bars shall be clean and free from rust spots, rust off, oil and other material which
may cause negative effect to the steel bar and the concrete or resulting in less
cohesiveness between both materials.
3) The Contractor shall prevent so as steel bars not in direct contact with weather which
may cause rust spot on the steel bar surface.

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Figure 6 - Rebar Classification and Storage Illustration

 Finished Product Protection

1) After the reinforcement of the column is tied, it is not allowed to step on it;
2) After the bent steel bars and negative bending moment steel bars of the floor are tied, it
is not allowed to walk on them. When the concrete is poured, a special person shall be
responsible for repairs to ensure the accurate position of the negative bending moment
reinforcement；
3) When installing wire pipes, heating and guarding pipelines or other facilities, do not
arbitrarily cut and move steel bars.

7. Pouring Concrete

Below descriptions are the basis of technical specification, a practical proposal

about the method of the concrete preparation work, material specification, technical
specification, concrete test, equipment to be used, etc.

7.1. Reference

S.N Reference Title

INDONESIAN CODE
1 SNI 2847:2019 Persyaratan Beton Struktural Untuk Bangunan Gedung
2 PBI-1971 Peraturan Beton Bertulang Indonesia
3 SNI 05-2049-2015 Semen Portland
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE- ACI
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5 ACI-318-2011 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.

Recommended Practice for Evaluation of Strength Test
6 ACI 214
Results of Concrete.
Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing,
7 ACI 304R
Transporting, and Placing Concrete.
Manual of standard practice for detailing reinforced
8 ACI 315
concrete structures.
Recommended practice for selecting proportions for
9 ACI 613
concrete.
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING MATERIAL - ASTM
Test for Flow of Portland Cement Concrete by use of the
10 ASTM C 124
Flow Table.
11 ASTM C 143 Test for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete.
Test for Ball Penetration in Fresh Portland Cement
12 ASTM 360
Concrete.
Test for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by
13 ASTM C 403
Penetration Resistance.
14 ASTM C 232 Test for Bleeding of Concrete.
Test for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content
15 ASTM C 138
(Gravimetric)
Test for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
16 ASTM C 173
Volumetric Method.
Test for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
17 ASTM C 231
Pressure Method.
Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Natural
18 ASTM C 294
Mineral Aggregate.
19 ASTM C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregate.
20 ASTM C 70 Test for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate.
21 ASTM C 40 Test for Organic Impurities in Sands for Concrete.
22 ASTM C 131 Coarse Aggregate by use of the Los Angeles Machine.
23 ASTM C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
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24 Other Applicable Regulations with Consultant Approval

7.2. Material Specification

The material specification of concrete material are:

S.N Material Detail

1 Cement 1) Unless otherwise specified, cement shall be
Ordinary Portland Cement of an approved brand
and manufacture and shall comply in every respect
with SS26. Sulphate-resisting Portland Cement, if
specified, shall comply to BS 4027. High alumina
cement shall not be used for any concrete work.
2) Before starting any work the Contractor shall
submit for acceptance the type and brand of cement
he proposes to use. The Contractor shall not
change the cement brand unless he has specific
reasons to do so and permission in writing shall be
obtained from the Project Manager.
3) The cement shall be fresh and delivered either in
unbroken branded bags of the manufacturer and
stored in a weatherproof dry shed with raised
boarded floor, or in bulk storage tanks, provided
that the Project Manager is satisfied that the
methods of transport, handling and storage are
satisfactory.
4) Cement of different manufacture and of different
types shall be kept separate at all times and shall
not be mixed together in the same concrete mixer.
5) Consignments of cement shall be used in the order
of delivery. Any caked or lumpy cement shall not
be used for concreting and shall be removed from
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Site immediately.
6) The Contractor shall at the request of the Project
Manager, produce a certificate showing the date
and place of manufacture of the cement. As and
when directed by the Project Manager, samples of
cement shall be provided for testing. Any cement
failing to comply with the requirements of the
relevant standards shall be rejected.
2 Coarse Aggregate

Admixture and coatings used shall generally comply

with BS 1014, BS 3892 and BS 5075 for more details.
Other types of admixtures not covered by these
3 Admixtures
Standards may be considered by full supporting
information. Admixture containing calcium chloride
shall not be used.
5 Water 1) Only clean fresh water supplied by the Authority
shall be used for mixing concrete, mortar and grout,
for washing out formwork and for curing of
concrete.
2) It shall be free from organic or other harmful
substances in solution or suspension. When directed

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by the Project Manager, the Contractor shall arrange

for tests of water to be carried out in accordance
with BS 3148 before and during the progress of the
work.

7.3. Reinforced Concrete Specification

The reinforced concrete batching specification are:

 Cement shall be batched in whole 50 kg bags or measured by weight when stored in a

silo. The fine and coarse aggregate shall be measured by weight separately and due
allowance be made for the weight of free water in the aggregates. The amount of water
added shall be measured with due allowance being made for any free water in the
aggregates.
 The accuracy of the weighing equipment shall be ± 3% of the required weight of the
cement, water or of the total weight of the aggregates. The accuracy of volumetric
weighing equipment shall be ± 3% of the indicated quantity.
 Before commencement of work and subsequently as often as the Project Manager may
direct, measuring equipment shall be calibrated with known weights and volume
measures. For minor works, volume batching of aggregate may be considered subject to
the discretion of the Project Manager.

7.3.1. Water-Cement Ratio (WCR)

In order to obtain a concrete construction in accordance with the design concrete

mix are as follow:

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7.4. Construction Sequence

The propose construction sequence and method are as follow:

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3
The volume of the concrete pilecap & tie beam of all scope of work is 9,521m³

7.5. CONSTRUCTION METHOD

7.5.1. Concrete Construction for Slab, Pile Cap, etc.

S.N Key Activities Management Requirement

The installation of the formwork is then followed by
the installation or assembling the steel reinforcement such
Steel Reinforcement & as main reinforcement, stirrup reinforcement and anchors
1
Formwork Installation in the joints. Installation of reinforcement also includes the
installation of overlapping and bending dimensions in
several parts according to specifications.
Checking the formwork whether it is sturdy enough,
Steel & Formwork and checking whether the reinforcement is installed
2
Checking correctly with the diameter and other requirements
according to the drawing
3 Slump Test Check for slump of concrete immediately upon arrival
on site before added with water or water proofing integral
in accordance with terms of the product to be used. The
addition was made for obtain slump results in accordance
with technical specifications if there are slump results that
do not meet the criteria.

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Slump Test Illustration

The cylindrical concrete sample made was 15 cm in
diameter and 30 cm long. Each batch of concrete must be
sampled for testing. The number of samples taken for each
production or concrete mix delivery is stated in the
technical specifications.

Cylinder sample
3.1
making

Cylindrical concrete sample illustration

3.2 Compressive Strength Compressive strength testing was carried out on
Test in Lab samples at the age of 28 days after being mixed and then it
will be taken to the lab for testing using a testing machine.

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Compressive Testing Illustration

Casting will be done using a concrete pump in each
section. Prior to concrete casting, all formwork surfaces
which will be casted with concrete will be free from
stagnant water, debris or any other loose materials. Tremie
or other equipment suitable will also prepared for
controlling the fall of concrete (if there is a rather high
casting).

Casting Concrete by
4
concrete pump

Casting Concrete Illustration

Curing will be done by periodically wetting the
5 Concrete Curing concrete surface with water to keep it moist during
treatment, either with a sprinkler system to make it
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practical or by flooding the concrete surface.

Concrete Curing Illustration

The core test will be carried out by taking a sample test
by means of boring on a number of concrete cores on
proper locations. A minimum of 2 inches in diameter and a
minimum of 3 samples will be taken from each element or
area considered potentially defective. After the sample is
taken, it will be tested on it.

6 Core Test

Concrete Core Test Illustration

Concrete parts that have been drilled after the core test
7 Concrete Repairing will be repaired until the surface of the structural elements
is smooth.

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H. Rainy Season Management Method

As the working schedule start at some rainy season between January to May, rainy
season management should be prepare to prevent delaying work from scheduled date

S.N Key Activities Management Requirement

Preparation of rainy season on the working area
including pedestrian slippery & mud prevention, installing
visibility sign such as reflective line/stickers. And protect
electrical cables from puddle and rain water.

Working Area &

1
Road

At some cases, if the road are to much slippery, installing

rubber mat will be consider
Steel are easy to get rust with the rain water, if rain
come, steel bar and other material such as formwok or any
equipment should be covered by plastic tarpaulin

Steel & Formwork

2
Cover

For Safety, need to place a proper signage and lighting

system at the rainy weather. Because it can cause limited
3 Signage & Light
visibility at rain, use reflective signage and anti fog lamp if
necessary

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Pouring concrete during rain is best avoided altogether,

but if the scheduled are tight, we will do it by making shelter
to the fresh pouring concrete with wood and plastic
sheet/tarpaulin, if its rain before pouring concrete, make sure
to push any water of the edge of formwork

4 Casting Concrete

5 Labor Safety & Rainy season cannot be change, but must be prepare to
Equiment do the work to follow the schedule, some equpement will be
prepare such as raincoat with reflective, construction safety
boots, flashlight etc

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