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Feedback Amplifiers Guide

This document discusses feedback amplifiers. It defines feedback as a portion of the output being returned to the input to form part of the system excitation. It then derives equations for open-loop gain (A), closed-loop gain (Af), and the general feedback equation. It describes the advantages of negative feedback such as reduced gain sensitivity and increased bandwidth. It also notes one disadvantage is that overall amplifier gain is reduced compared to the basic amplifier. Finally, it discusses different feedback amplifier topologies including series-shunt, series-series, shunt-series, and shunt-shunt configurations.

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Rohit Paul
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49 views32 pages

Feedback Amplifiers Guide

This document discusses feedback amplifiers. It defines feedback as a portion of the output being returned to the input to form part of the system excitation. It then derives equations for open-loop gain (A), closed-loop gain (Af), and the general feedback equation. It describes the advantages of negative feedback such as reduced gain sensitivity and increased bandwidth. It also notes one disadvantage is that overall amplifier gain is reduced compared to the basic amplifier. Finally, it discusses different feedback amplifier topologies including series-shunt, series-series, shunt-series, and shunt-shunt configurations.

Uploaded by

Rohit Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UN IT-I

EC 84 52/ELECTRO N IC CIRCUITS-II
F EED BA CK A M PLIF IERS
F eedback A m plifiers
.
Feedback: Is the process where by a portion of the output is returned to the input to
form a part of the system excitation.

Open-Loop Amplifier Closed loop Amplifier


D erivation –open and closed loop
A=
X0 X i = X s + (- X f )
Xi
X0 X0
X0 Af = =
Af =
Xs Xs Xi + X f
X 0 / Xi A
Af = Af =
( Xi + X f ) / X i 1+ X f / X i

Af =
A A
X Af =
1 + Aβ
Xo
1+
f

X o Xi
Th e General F eedback Equation
• Closed loop and op en loop
• Closed loop gain
xo A
Af ≡ =
x s 1 + Aβ
• F eedback factor͆
• Loop gain A ͆
• A m ount offeedback (1+ A ͆)
A dvantages ofN egative F eedback
1. G ain Sensitivity – variations in gain is
reduced.
2. Bandwidth Ex tension – larger th an th at of
basicam p lified.
3. N oise Sensitivity – m ay increase S-N ratio.
4 . Reduction ofN onlinear D istortion
5. Control ofIm p edance Levels – inp ut and
outp ut im p edances can be increased or
decreased.
D isadvantages ofN egative F eedback

Circuit G ain – overall am p lifier gain is reduced


com p ared to th at ofbasicam p lifier.
Block diagram ofa basicfeedback
am p lifier
M easurem ent ofth e outp ut voltage &
current:
TO PO LO G IES O F THE F EED BA CK
A M PLIF IER:
๴ 1. Series-sh unt feedback
2. Series-series feedback
3. Sh unt-series feedback
4 . Sh unt-sh unt feedback

๴ Th e alternative nom enclature used is as follows:


1. Voltage-series or series-sh unt feedback
2. Current-series or series-series feedback
3. Current-sh unt or sh unt-series feedback
4 . Voltage-sh unt or sh unt-sh unt feedback
Series-Sh unt or voltage-series
feedback:
• Th e inp ut voltage Viofthe basicam p lifier is the algebraicsum of
inp ut signal Vs and the feedback signal Vo , where Vo is the outp ut voltage.
Current-Series or Series-Series
F eedback:
• Trans-conductance feedback am p lifier p rovides an outp ut current Io
which is p rop ortional to th e inp ut voltage Vs . The feedback signal is the voltage Vf
, which is added to Vs at the inp ut ofth e basicam p lifier.
Sh unt-series or current-sh unt feedback
• Th e current-sh unt feedback am p lifier, sup p lies an outp ut current Io
which is p rop ortional to th e inp ut current Ii. This m akes it a current am p lifier.
• Th e feedback signal is th e current if the inp ut current ofthe basic
am p lifier is Ii= Is + Ifand the outp ut current is Io = IL.
Voltage-Sh unt or Sh unt-Sh unt
F eedback
• Th e voltage-sh unt or sh unt-sh unt feedback am p lifier p rovides an
outp ut voltage Vo in p rop ortion to the inp ut current Is. The inp ut current Iiofthe
basicam p lifier is th e algebraicsum ofIs and the feedback current If.
Identify th e circuit(Em itter follower)
Inp ut and O utp ut circuit
Rep lacing th e circuit with
Hy brid p aram eter
F ind th e op en loop voltage gain

• A v=V o/V s
• V o =h fe IbRe
• V s =Ib (Rs+h ie)
• A v=h feRe/(Rs+h ie) h ie =1.1K Ω,h fe=50
Calculate ͆
• ͆=V f/V o =1both voltages p resent across Re

Calculate D , A vf, Rif, Rof, R’0f:


D = 1+ ͆A v =2.38
A vf=0.7
Ri =Rs+h ie = 2.1K Rif =Ri D =7 .098 K
Ro & Rof= Infinite.
Identify th e top ology
Inp ut and outp ut Equivalent circuit
Rep lacing active device by ‘h ’
p aram eter
Identify th e top ology
Current Sh unt- Equivalent circuit

2015-2-18 O scillators By S.M .M eh zabeen


Identify th e top ology
Voltage Sh unt-Equivalent circuit
F eedback A m p lifier
Inp ut and outp ut Im p edances
• Sum m ary
1. F or a series connection at inp ut or outp ut,
th e resistance is increased by (1+βA ).
2. F or a sh unt connection at inp ut or outp ut,
th e resistance is lowered by (1+βA ).
F eedback A m p lifier

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