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Trans Line P2

This document discusses key concepts related to transmission lines and antenna systems, including: - Defining transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves and their relationship to transmission lines. - Deriving equations for the velocity of propagation in transmission lines and defining the velocity factor. - Explaining the concept of reflection in transmission lines and defining the reflection coefficient and standing waves. - Discussing how to calculate the impedance of a section of a transmission line. The document provides objectives, definitions, explanations, equations, and example problems for several important transmission line and antenna systems topics.

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Idris Jeffrey Manguera
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55 views18 pages

Trans Line P2

This document discusses key concepts related to transmission lines and antenna systems, including: - Defining transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves and their relationship to transmission lines. - Deriving equations for the velocity of propagation in transmission lines and defining the velocity factor. - Explaining the concept of reflection in transmission lines and defining the reflection coefficient and standing waves. - Discussing how to calculate the impedance of a section of a transmission line. The document provides objectives, definitions, explanations, equations, and example problems for several important transmission line and antenna systems topics.

Uploaded by

Idris Jeffrey Manguera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSMISSION

MEDIA and
ANTENNA
SYSTEMS
TRANSMISSION LINES
Part 2

Engr. Idris Jeffrey M. Manguera


Lesson Objectives
After completing this lecture, you should be able to:
• Define what is a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave and discuss its
relationship with transmission lines
• Derive equations in relation with velocity of propagation in transmission lines
• Define velocity factor and discuss the parameter that influences it
• Solve problems involving velocity of propagation
• Understand the concept of reflection in transmission lines
• Define and discuss reflection coefficient and standing waves
• Solve problems involving reflections
• Calculate the impedance of a section of a transmission line
Transverse
Electromagnetic
Wave
Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM)
Wave refers to a form of radiant energy
which is essentially an oscillatory
disturbance in free space that is
composed of two components, electric
field (E) and magnetic field (H) which
are perpendicular to each other and to
the direction of propagation.
Transverse Electromagnetic Wave
Velocity of Propagation
This refers to the speed of the TEM wave propagating in a transmission line. This is
always less than the speed of the wave in free space.

Velocity Factor
The ratio of the actual velocity of propagation through a given medium to the
velocity of propagation through free space.
Problem Show that the velocity
of propagation in a
Solving transmission line can be
obtained by the
equation:
𝑐
𝑉! =
∈"
Transverse Electromagnetic Wave
Problem For a lossless
transmission line with
Solving 𝐿=
#$%&
and 𝐶 = 20
!(
,
' '
solve for: a) 𝑉! b) 𝑉)
c)𝛽 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓 = 750 𝑀𝐻𝑧
Reflections
If the transmission line is not
terminated with a load impedance,
equal to the characteristic impedance,
reflections will occur.
Incident Waves (𝑬 ! )
TEM waves that travel along a
transmission line from the source
towards the load.
Reflected Waves (𝑬 " )
TEM waves that travel from the load
back towards the source.
Reflections
Reflection Coefficient
This refers to a vector quantity that represents the ratio of the reflected voltage to
incident voltage.
Problem A communication
system uses an RG-58U
Solving transmission line
terminated at a load
impedance of 50-j25
ohms. Determine the
reflection coefficient.
Problem Solve for the reflection
coefficient if a
Solving transmission line is
terminated with a) short
circuit b) open circuit
and c) load impedance
equal to Zo.
Reflections
Standing Waves
The two traveling waves (incident and reflected) set up an interference pattern known as
standing waves.
Reflections
Problem A communication
system uses an RG-58U
Solving transmission line
terminated at a load
impedance of 50-j25
ohms. Determine the
SWR.
Problem A transmitter supplies
50 W through a line with
Solving an SWR of 2:1. What is
the power absorbed by
the load?
Impedance of a Section of a Tx Line
Problem Calculate the impedance
looking into a 50 Ω line 1
Solving m long, terminated with
a load impedance of
100Ω, if the line has a
velocity factor of 0.8
and operates at a
frequency of 30 MHz.
Problem A 50-ohm short-
circuited line operates at
Solving 500 MHz. Determine the
equivalent reactance
and component of this
line if it is: a) 0.1𝜆 and b)
0.375𝜆 long.

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