APOS/HIPAP Basic Operator Course
WORLD CLASS – through people, technology and dedication
AGENDA
• Day 1 – Introduction, Basic SSBL-theory, Transponder theory
• Day 2 – APOS Operator sofware introduction. Exercises. Technical
introduction
• Day 3 – More technical theory. Exercises. Hands on training.
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Our location: Strandpromenaden, Horten, NORWAY
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”SIMRAD ECHO” test-boat
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Offshore department
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Hydrographic dept.
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Fishery Dept.
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Hugin department. Wireless AUV
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Production department (including test dept.)
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Main purpose of the HIPAP system
•DP-referance
•Monitor targets
•Sensor reading
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DP is all about balancing
This ”DP” needs all referances available...it’s 1000m
straight down !
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Typical reference sensors onboard
• DGPS
• Differential global positioning
system
• RADIUS
• Short range microwave position
fixing system
• FANBEAM
• Laser beam /reflector
• TAUTWIRE
• Mechanical reference system
• HiPAP®/HPR
• Hydroacoustic position
reference system using sound
waves to communicate.
• HAIN (new for DP-use)
• Hydroacoustic aided inertia
navigation.
• Separate computer interfaced
to a IMU-sensor (inertia
measuring unit) using HIPAP as
aid.
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Offshoreloading Statfjord A and B
Template
Transponders
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Single anchor loading field
Hose-end TP Depth
sensor TP Angle sensor TP
Heading
sensor TP
DP-ref TPs
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Submerged Turret Loading
Transponders to
monitor bouy
elements
Transponder for DP ref
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Transponders on ROV
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Mini Transponder mounted on ROV
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Transponders used for Template installation
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Transponders for bundle installation
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HIPAP in Drilling operation
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Emergency Shutdown system for BOP
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Pipe / Cable Laying & Trenching
Vessel positioning
Touch down monitoring
Plough monitoring
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HIPAP used in rock-dumping operation
”Spider”-
positioning
DP-ref Transponders
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HIPAP to position ”HUGIN”
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Dam-inspection by TP range measurement
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BREAK !
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HIPAP system components
Operator
Station
Motion sensor
Heading sensor
Data output
Ethernet
switch/
Converter
Hull
Unit
Responder
(optional)
Responder
Drive Unit
Transceiver
unit Model x81 Hoist Control
Unit
HiPAP 350 HiPAP 450 (Cd31053a)
HiPAP 100 HiPAP 500
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Multiple systems in ”Master / Slave mode”
Operator Operator
Station Station
Network comm.
Motion sensor Motion sensor
Heading sensor Heading sensor
Data output Data output
Ethernet Ethernet
switch/
Converter
Hull switch/
Converter
Hull
Unit Unit
Responder Responder
(optional)
(optional)
Responder Responder
Drive Unit Drive Unit
Transceiver Transceiver
unit Model x81 Hoist Control unit Model x81 Hoist Control
Unit Unit
HiPAP 350 HiPAP 450 (Cd31053a) HiPAP 350 HiPAP 450 (Cd31053a)
HiPAP 100 HiPAP 500 HiPAP 100 HiPAP 500
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The HIPAP Transducer….how does it work ?
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SSBL principle
Requires one multi-element Transducer onboard
and at least one submerged Transponder.
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Transducer element (Total: 241 inside)
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How the Transducer elements work
TRANSMITT RECEIVE
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HIPAP Transducer ”aiming” at Transponders
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Submerged equipment
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What is needed below surface for positioning ?
• Transponders (Seabed)
• Transponders (BOP)
• Transponders (Special)
• Responders (Rov)
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Typical Seabed-Transponders for fixed operation
Notice the difference
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Identification of a Transponder
Notice this ID-ring
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Transponder coding
Transponder type
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More codes on ID-ring
Battery type
Serial number
Channel code
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TRANSPONDER codes overview:
• TP model:
• MST Mini Positioning Transponder - Remotely Operated Vehicle
• SPT SSBL Positioning Transponder - Super Short Base Line
• MPT Multifunction Positioning Transponder – Advanced operations
• Model numbers:
• 1. digit:
– 1= 15 kHz - low frequency
– 3= 30 kHz - medium frequency Options:
• 2. digit:
– 1= 1000 meter depth rating • D Depth sensor
– 2= 2000 meter depth rating • H Heading magnetic compass
– 3= 3000 meter depth rating • E External power
• I Inclinometer
– 6= 6000 meter depth rating
• II Internal and external inclinometers
• 3. digit: • N Rechargeable battery pack
– 1= ± 15° beam width • R Release mechanism
– 3= ± 30° beam width • S Split, separate transducer & housing
– 4= ± 45° beam width • T Temperature sensor
– 6= ± 60° beam width • L Long tube
– 9= ± 90° beam width • Sx Short tube
• Rsp Responder
• DuB Dual Beam
• Ail Analogue interface logger
• St Stainless Steel Housing
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Depth sensor mounted in a Transponder
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Old style Release unit
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New style release unit
Magnetic release Mounting of the
clump weight
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”BOP-type” Transponder
Transponder with
internal Inclinometer
External
Inclinometer
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Mini Transponders for ROV work
Notice the difference
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Mini-Transponders for ROV
Connector for
ROV
power/trigger
Internal pressure
release valves
ON / OFF
plug
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Transponder test and configuration unit :
TTC400 with test-Transducer
• Typical Deck-test of
Transponders :
• Change channels
• Check battery status
• Read sensor data
• Test release function
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TRANSPONDER CHANNELS - MEDIUM
FREQUENCY
• HPR 300 and HPR 400
• medium frequency channels
• Example channel number B33
• Interrogation pulse
• 23923Hz
• Reply pulse:
• 29762Hz
• Example channel number B25
• First interrogation pulse (2)
• 21500Hz
• Second interrogation pulse (5)
• 23000Hz
• Reply pulse (even/5)
• 30500Hz
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Sensors used in Transponders
• Depth-sensor (using two pulse coding)
• Heading-sensor (using two pulse coding)
• Angle-sensors (inclinometers using three pulse coding)
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Sensors shown on APOS Display
Depth sensor
value
Inclinometer
value
Heading value
What is the ”down-side ” using sensors ?
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Required information by the ”topside” software
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• Battery Lifetime
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Transponder Battery
Two internal batteries:
10V
• 10V powering Receiver
and microcontroller
• 36V powering the Transmitter
36V
Technology:
• Lithium (mostly used)
• Alkaline
• Nickel Cadmium
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Transponder Batteries
SPT/MPT 319 xx Lithium Alkaline Rechargeable SPT/MPT 331 Lithium
Battery Type L10/36 (18/30) A10/36 (24/24) N10/36 (18/30) L10/36 (18/36)
Maximum continuous on-time 185 Days 71 Days 16 Days 185 Days
Quiescent time 1045 Days 301 Days 90 Days 930 Days
Reply pulses, Low source level 19,6 million 5,4 million 1,4 million 6,4 million
Reply pulses, High source level 9,8 million 2,2 million O,7 million 3,2 million
Reply pulses, Max sourse level 4,9 million 1,1 million 0,36 million 1,6 million
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Transponder Battery Lifetime
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Transponder Battery Lifetime
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Transponder Battery Lifetime
Factors:
Activity (disabled, navigation, telemetry, update rate, sensor data…)
Source level (Max, High, Low, Min)
Lifetime specification:
Ping Count Readings:
Number of reply pulses in High source level
Quiescent lifetime:
The total time the transponder can listen for interrogation pulses
After this time transponder will not be able to reply
Max continuous on time:
Max time transponder continuously in operation, receiving and transmitting
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Tx Battery Lifetime
Battery capacity given as reply pulses, referred to high source level
Ping count reading from APOS, show consumed battery
Source Level Factor | Max:0,5 | High:1 | Low:2 | Min:4 |
Update rate as read in position overview in APOS
Total reply pulses sent at each position update
(Battery capacity - ping count reading) x S.L.Factor x Update Rate
Reply Pulses
24 hours x 60 min x 60 sec
(9,8 million – 1,7 million) x 1 x 2,6
3
= 81,25 Days
24 hours x 60 min x 60 sec
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Rx Battery Lifetime
Check capacity – Rx % used
Rx capacity (days) as in transponder manual and APOS help
(100% - Rx % used) x Rx capacity (days)
100
(100% – 35%) x 185
= 120,25 Days
100
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Transponder Battery Lifetime
Conclusion
Tx: 81,25 Days
Rx: 120,25 Days
Transponder battery lifetime depends on Tx- and Rx-usage
In this example the transponder will last for 81,25 days.
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Battery status example from APOS sw.
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Battery Storage
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How to open a Transponder
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Handling Transponder Batteries !!
• Lithium-batteries are potentially dangerous !
• Never expose Lithium-batteries to seawater…they will
corrode. Corrosion can cause uncontrolled current
between the battery cells
• Uncontrolled current could lead to temperature build-
up.
• Temperature over 180 degC will lead to EXPLOSION!
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Recovering a ”non-working” Transponder
• First question : Do you really need to recover it Now !
• Visual check for mechanical damage !
• Feel the outside to detect temperature difference !
• If temperature is rising…..try to cool it ASAP !
if necessary ….over board.
• …more details in ”SAFETY DATA SHEET” shipped with
the Transponders and batteries.
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Maintenance of your HIPAP system !
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System maintenance : Transducer shaft
Very dry !!??
What
happend ?
Lubricate if
needed
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No hope.....if this is the case…remove it ASAP!!
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Maintenance saved this one….repairable
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Someone lost their Party-wig ?
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Could need a scrub.....
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Anything left ?
In one piece ?
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Broken shaft !
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Typical installation
Make sure the cable is secure all
the way up/down
If platform not mounted….
….ask for one !!
Bolted Securing beams !!
Remember to put back !!
Shaft-sleeve
needs lubication !
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END OF INTRO-PART !!
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APC11 Topside Operator Station
Two main programs:
APOS
• Reading MRU, Gyro, GPS,
Depth sensors etc.
• Output to DP, Survey, Blom-
log, ROV equipment, VDR etc…
HIPAP
• View HiPap performance
• Position calculation
• Check status in Transceiver
• Fault-finding tool
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Inputs / outputs on a HIPAP system
Operator
Station
Motion sensor
Typical outputs:
Heading sensor
Typical Inputs:
Data output
MRU Ethernet
switch/ Hull
DP
Converter
Unit
Responder
GYRO Survey
(optional)
Responder
Drive Unit
Transceiver
unit Model x81 Hoist Control
GPS
Unit
ROV
ROV-depth BLOM
ROV-Gyro Diving
Digiquartz depth Etc..
HiPAP 350 HiPAP 450 (Cd31053a)
HiPAP 100 HiPAP 500
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