JOHN B.

LACSON COLLEGES FOUNDATION-BACOLOD

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND EDUCATION
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
Major in Cruise Ship Services
And
Bachelor of Science in Custom Administration

LEARNING MODULE
COURSE CODE AND TITLE: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

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Year and Section:________________________________________
Contact Number:________________________________________
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Instructor:_____________________________________________

Authored by:

JEFFREY A. MENDOZA, MM-EM

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 MODULE 1

COURSE OUTLINE FOR PRELIM TERM

Orientation on Philosophy, Mission, Vision, Culture, QHSE Policy, Advocacy, Core Values and 10
point Agenda.

Unit 1 THE ETHICS ENVIRONMENT

Lesson 1 The ethical principles
a. Define ethics, ethical principles and corporate social responsibility
b. Classical philosophies and belief system
c. Filipino value system

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Introduction:
Business Ethics and Social responsibility covers the ethics related aspects of the business
decision making process, as well as the relevance and application of ethical concepts and
principles towards professional management. It aims to recognize ethical issues that you may
encounter in your future career and to develop your understanding and ability to resolve these
critical dilemmas applying to the responsible business enterprise.
The study of ethical principles is essential to all business practitioners and students. Ethical
principles guide and direct the performance and conduct of business leaders and their
organizations.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
In many leadership approaches and models, a list of values and virtues are often enumerated.
This is because the leader is tasked to direct the enterprise and its employees in the
accomplishment of business goals. For the Leader and manager to accomplish these goals
according to moral courses of action this individual must have principles of conduct such as
courage, honesty, respect, loyalty, fairness, integrity, and responsible citizenship.

The moral standards or philosophies refers to the principles, rules and values people use in
deciding what is right and wrong. Selected moral philosophies presented as guides or ethical
systems include:

• Universalism states that all people should uphold certain values, such as honesty, and
other values that society needs to function
• Egoism defines satisfactory behavior as that which takes full advantage of consequences
for the individual.
• Relativism bases ethical behavior on the opinion and behaviors of relevant other people;
• Utilitarianism seeks the “greatest good for the greatest number of people”.
The useful of these moral philosophies may be given when determining a defective product.
- Universalism viewpoint says that all people would have the same measurement with
regard to the defective product.
- Egoism point of view would be silent about the defective product
- Relativism viewpoint encourages discussion on industry practices, company policies,
and/or trade journals vis a vis the defective product.

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 - Utilitarianism principle would dictate a thorough cost benefit analysis on the product in
question.
Understanding moral standards and assessing moral impact, the problem is identified and the
evaluation begins, with focus on:

• Economic outcomes or costs and/or potential profit of an option;

• Legal requirements or compliance with laws; and
• Ethical duties which identifies actions that have these characteristics:
- be proud to receive acceptance thereof;
- capable of building a sense of community;
- can generate the greatest social good;
- be willing to share benefits;
- does not harm, especially the least among us; and
- does not interfere with the right of everyone to develop their skills completely.
The process as detailed is complex and intimidating, but it is useful guide for business to arrive
at realistic moral solutions. Measurement of moral impact serves as the basis of rules that
individual may use, as dictated by society. However, personal values vary.
Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral development presents different levels of moral reasoning
that people progress through as they age

The categories based on level of moral judgment are:

• pre- conventional stage where people make decisions based on concrete rewards and
punishments and pressing self-interest;
• conventional stage where people observed the rules according to the potentials of ethical
behavior held by groups or civilizations such as society, family, or peers; and
• post conventional stage where people see beyond authority, laws, norms and follow their
self-chosen ethical principles.
The Kohlberg model states that over time, through academic learnings and know-how, people
change their ideals and behavior. When combined with the regular and disciplined use of moral
impact measures, the Kohlberg model allows for movement into the post-conventional
category.

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What is Ethics:
- Ethics is based on the identification of rules that should direct people’s behavior.
- is a set of moral principles and values that we use to answer questions of right or
wrong.
- can also be defined as the study of the general nature of morals and of the moral
choices made by individuals in their relationship with others.
-
What is Social Responsibility:
- Social responsibility, like ethics means distinguishing right from wrong and doing right.
- is an ethical framework which suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual,
has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large.
- is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the
economy and the ecosystem.
- Is management’s obligations to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the
welfare and interests of society as well as the organization
You must be familiar with the company “APPLE”. It is often talked of as a place where people
want to build products that will change the world. IBM company has an effective marketing
campaign on building a “smart planet”. Zynga, the mission is “connecting the world through
games”.
Guy Kawasaki of Alltop and Garage Technology Venture is an enterprise, but he also an Apple
executive and the author of many books including selling dreams about evangelizing products. “
I learned from Steve Jobs that people can change the world”, Kawasaki said. I learned from
Steve that some things need to be believed to be seen. These are powerful lessons
What is Business Ethics:
- Or corporate ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical
principles and morals or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies
to all aspects of business conduct and its relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire
organization.
- It refers to contemporary standards or set of values that govern the actions and behavior
of an individual in the business organization.
Business ethics ha normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career
specialization, the field is primary normative. Academics attempting to understand business
behavior employ descriptive methods. The range of quantity of business ethical issues reflect
the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business
ethics accelerated dramatically during the 80’s and 90’s both with major corporations and
within academia.

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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHIES AND BELIEF SYSTEMS
Ethical principles have evolved from classical philosophies and belief systems. Some basic
concepts of classical philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. aside from the contribution
of these three famous western philosophers, the lives and the belief system of a few truth
seekers like St. Augustine, Buddha, Confucius and Mohammed are also synthesized to enhance
understanding of the ethical principles.

• SOCRATES
- 469-399 BC
- is viewed by many as founding figure of western philosophy.
- Grew up during the golden age of Pericle’s Athens
- Served with merit as a soldier
- Became best acknowledged as a questioner of everything and everyone
- His passion for definitions and hairsplitting questions inspired the advancement of formal
logic and systematic ethics from the time of Aristotle th Renaissance and into the modern
era
• PLATO
- 428-348 BC
- Greek philosopher whose family was one of the most distinguished in Athens
- The Republic is a treatise on ideals, which postulates that the world that we live is not the
real world
- Man came from the real world ( ideal)
- Returning to the ideal world through the use of his intellect, motivation, and enthusiasm
Plato’s philosophies and contribution to ethical studies include The Composition of the State
which is built on:
- Knowledge or wisdom, when present in the whole, will be inherent in the smallest part,
and one which takes the lead and directs the rest;
- Courage or that part which goes inside an arena and battles in the defense;
- Temperance or control of certain desires and craving; and
- Justice, a universal principles that everyone ought to perform role in the community
which best suits his nature.
• ARISTOTLE
- 384-322 B.C
- Sent to Athens to study in Plato’s Academy when he was seventeen
- Stayed as pupil and teacher for twenty years
- Started his own school called the Lyceum in 334 BC
- Tutor of Alexander the Great in 342 BC.
- Treatises have contributed to the study of ethics, as exemplified in his postulates in “The
Good Citizen and The Good Man”.

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THE FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM
The value system of a given country is a combination of ethical principles, classical philosophies
and belief system. The unique value system of a given country is also a product of its history
and local customs and traditions. The Philippines and its value system is a creation of all of
these influences.
The visit of Pope Francis to the Philippines in 2015, coming closely at the heel of natural and
man-made disasters- earthquake damage in Bohol, Cebu and other provinces in the Visayas
region, typhoon and storm surge damage in Bicol and Visayas regions; and the Zamboanga
siege- attest to the strong personal faith of the Filipino.
Recovery efforts and the trial that accompany loss of family and property were not easy, and
many still face formidable challenges.
Respect for authority in the Philippines is founded on the explicit honor paid to elders member
of the family, and often, to anyone in a position of power. This is evident in the “fawning
admiration” according to popular political entertainment, and sports personalities. When taken
to extreme, this trait can develop into an oppression that discourages self-regulating decisions
and individual initiative.
Filipinos are sensitive to attacks on their own self-esteem and develop an understanding of the
self-esteem of others as well. Anything that might hurt another’s self-esteem is avoided or else,
the relationship may come to an end.
Some manifestations of this traits may be traced to the characteristics attributed to certain
regions or provinces. For example, Ilocos region, takes pride in their hard working and penny-
pinching ways. Those roots in Pampanga are recognized for their culinary arts, and the Cebu
region is well known for its stunning and affable women.
This concern for self- esteem helps to maintain harmony in society and within one’s particular
circle.
- A Filipino’s loyalty goes first to the immediate Family.
- Mutual kinship system known as compadrazgo means godparenthood or sponsorship
- Ritual kinship bond is primary method of extending the group from which one can help in
the way of favor
- Ritual bonds are often sealed in ceremonial occasion. ( baptism, marriage, confirmation)
- Utand na lood ( dept of gratitude) is expected that the debtor will attempt repayment (
providing employment, making possible for another)
- Circle of social alliance with friendship
- In commercial context, suki relationship ( market- exchange partnership) may develop
between two people who agreed to become regular customer and supplier

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 Financiers, business people, prosperous landlords, high military officers and national
politicians, with the wealthy Philippine elite on top compose pyramid structures.
The middle class group includes civil servants, clerks with relatively secure employment,
teachers, merchants, small entrepreneurs, and property owners, while the informal sector of
the Philippine economy make out a living through peddling, occasional paid labor and
contractual labor.
Philippine statistics still show income level disparity as seen in spending pattern for food, the
major expenditures. For families in the bottom 30% per capita income group, expenses on
food accounted for two-thirds (62.3%) of the total family expenditure, followed by
expenditure on housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels at 15%. Families in the upper
70% per capita income group spent 39.7% of their total expenditure on food, and 21.5% on
housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels.

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