Definition airstream escapes through the nasal cavity, the soft palate must be lowered

Bilabial
(lips)

Alveolar
3 types of closure
(tongue blade against alveolar ridge)

Velar
(back of tongue against the palate).

M Initially

Nasal N Initially

Never occurs in the beginning

1. within a word containing the letters ‘ng’ in the spelling;

it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each
other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to Definition (ŋ) occurs without a following g if it occurs at the end of a morpheme
produce a “complete” consonant.
Medially, occurs frequently
ŋ
Sounds if it occurs in the middle of a morpheme it has a following g.
Alveolar con.

The tongue is in fact usually slightly curled backwards with the tip raised. Retroflex It rarely occurs after a diphthong or long vowel,
so only the short vowels i, e , ae, a , d , u , a are regularly found preceding
at the beginning of a syllable if it is preceded this consonant.
‘press’, ‘tress’, ‘cress by p, t, k; it is then voiceless and Devoiced r
fricative.

American: initial, medial and final positions.

Voicing All nasals are voiced
R

Distribution
BUT in British accent only produced in the
beginning ( before a vowel ) ✅ ( After a vowel ) ❌
A consonant produced when air stream escapes
Those accents which have r in final position
Definition through sides of tongue as complete closure
Rhotic
(before a pause) and before a consonant are between centre of tongue and alveolar.
R and non R

R only occurs before vowels (such as BBC) are Non rhotic

Approximant Chapter 7 Place of articulation Alveolar
3 Apr 2022
Bilabial Con. Sounds ( All voiced )
W Voicing ✅
Same as back close vowel /u/

Palatal Con. Distribution Initial, Medial and Final Positions

J
Same as front close vowel /i/
Occurs at syllable-final position
When /w/ and /j/ are preceded by PTK , friction sound is heard ( Devoiced) ( at the end of the word )
Pure-twin-quite

PTK are aspirated by beginning of syllable followed by a vowel ( pick , task , kept )
Special context Examples Fall. Pole

When PTK are followed by /w/ and /j/ they lose their voice ( Devoiced) and become fricative Dark
Resembles /u/ vowel
With consonant ( the cat ) ðə
The Lateral Back of tongue is raised
With vowel ( the egg ) ðɪ Consonant L
American Accent
Types

Occurs syllable initial ( at the beginning of the word )

Examples Light. Lea

Clear Resembles /i/ vowel

Front of tongue is raised

Irish Accent

Normally l is voiced Clock

Devoiced but Another allophone of 1 is found when it Place

follows p, k at the beginning of a stressed syllable
it become ( voiceless ) Clamour