PDHPE

ASSIGNMENT
2023
BY SHEHZAR ALI, YEAR 11
 #1) Four major bones involved in the movement:

2) Tibia (Shin bone) Femur

4) Fibula
3) Tarsals (Foot Bone)

#2) Four major muscles involved in the movement:

Gluteus
2) Hamstrings

3) Quadriceps
4) Calves/Calf Muscles

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#3) Three Joints and Three types of Joints involved in the movement:

Hip
Ball and
3) Ankle Joint

3) Hinge Joint

2) Knee Joint
2) Hinge Joint

#4) Three joint actions involved in the movement:

Hip

3) Ankle Plantar Flexion

2) Knee Extension

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 What are some Physiological responses that occur during an NRL conversion?
You might be wondering what physiological responses are? Well, Physiological
responses, refer to the reactions/changes that occur within the body in response to the
needs of the body. Heart rate, ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, lactate
levels, and other physiological responses might occur in an individual's body. Heart
Rate, Ventilation Rate, and Cardiac Output are three Immediate Physiological
Responses that might occur during an NRL (Conversion). During physical activity, the
body's neurological system is stimulated, resulting in an increase in Heart Rate. As the
player prepares to kick the ball during a conversion kick, the heart rate may rise in
reaction to the physical/mental demands of the activity. As the body prepares for the kick
and begins to kick the ball, the body's demand for oxygen rapidly increases. This may
result in an increased ventilation rate; in order to give the oxygen required for the
muscles to perform, the kick taker may take deeper and more frequent breaths. Finally,
is Cardiac Output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. The
higher heart rate during the conversion kick might considerably contribute to an increase
in Cardiac Output. The body then works hard to give the necessary oxygenated blood to
the muscles for the kicker to convert.

1) Explain the link between each of the physiological responses and successful
movement patterns.
During physical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and cardiac output work together to
meet the body's increased demands for oxygen and nutrients. The heart beats quicker,
ensuring adequate and efficient blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the muscles.
The breathing rate also increases, allowing for gas exchange in the lungs and higher
oxygen intake. Cardiac output rises when the heart pumps more blood with each beat,
supplying the muscles with oxygen and nourishment. By providing enough oxygen,
effective gas exchange, and complete sustenance to the working muscles, this
interconnectivity can ensure that the body is well equipped to help sustain successful
movement patterns.

2) What are some examples that are relevant to the movements presented in the
picture?
Movements that can be used to prepare for an NRL Conversion Kick include
approach/run-ups, leg swings, planting your feet, etc. With approach/run-up, the person
kicking the ball typically approaches it before kicking it. The power and accuracy of the
kick can be affected by the kicker's body positioning, run-up time, and speed. When
using Leg Swing, the leg's swinging motion is essential for producing the right amount of
power to send the ball in the direction of its intended target. The kick's trajectory, speed,
and timing significantly impact its range or even accuracy. The player's plant foot is the
foot that stays on the ground throughout the kick when using plant foot placement so
that it then offers the kicker more support and stability. The placement of the foot can
affect the ball's trajectory and direction.

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 Bibliography:

1) Dale, P. (2011, January 12). The Muscles & Body Parts Needed to Kick a
Football | Livestrong.com. LIVESTRONG.COM.
https://www.livestrong.com/article/354537-the-muscles-body-parts-needed-
to-kick-a-football/
2) Jackson, D. (n.d.). Immediate physiological responses to training. HSC PDHPE.
https://pdhpe.net/the-body-in-motion/what-is-the-relationship-between-
physical-fitness-training-and-movement-efficiency/immediate-physiological-
responses-to-training/
3) The Fundamentals of Rugby Goal Kicking. (2021, September 15). Exercise
Right. https://exerciseright.com.au/the-fundamentals-of-rugby-goal-kicking/
4) King, J., & Lowery, D. R. (2020). Physiology, Cardiac Output. PubMed;
StatPearls Publishing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470455/#:~:text=Cardiac%20output
%20is%20the%20product
5) Rugby Conversion. (n.d.). Prezi.com. Retrieved June 12, 2023, from
https://prezi.com/r_arzgyibudo/rugby-conversion/