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Pass-by-value sends a copy of the actual parameter so the parameter cannot be changed in the function, while pass-by-reference sends the memory address allowing the parameter to be modified. Structs are a built-in composite data type that allows grouping of different data types under one name. The virtual address of array element a[3] is calculated as the base address plus the index multiplied by the element size.

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Yahya Buharali
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24 views2 pages

Homework ADS

Pass-by-value sends a copy of the actual parameter so the parameter cannot be changed in the function, while pass-by-reference sends the memory address allowing the parameter to be modified. Structs are a built-in composite data type that allows grouping of different data types under one name. The virtual address of array element a[3] is calculated as the base address plus the index multiplied by the element size.

Uploaded by

Yahya Buharali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yahya Buharali - 202211003

1. Compare by a method example between pass-by-value and pass-by-references ?

Pass-by-value

sends a copy of the contents of the actual parameter

So, the actual parameter cannot be changed by the function.

#include <iostream.h>

void Fun(int a);

int main(){
the value of the x stays the same in the
int x = 5; main function which is 5

Fun(x);

cout << x;

return 0;

void Fun(int a){

a = a * 2;
and here after the calculation, x
} equals to 10

Pass-by-reference

sends the location (memory address) of the actual parameter

So, can change value of actual parameter

#include <iostream.h>

void Fun(int &a);


the value of the x can be changed by
int main(){ the calling function using the and sign
int x = 5;

Fun(x);

cout << x;

return 0;

void Fun(int &a){

a = a * 2;

}
2. To which the struct belongs to: built in composite data type.

2.1 Address

2.2 Simple

2.3 Composite

3. Complete the following ( given; base address= 20, integer size=2, column size =6)

3.1 The virtual address of a[3] is 32

A[3] = base address + index * size

= 20 + 3 * 4

= 20 + 12

= 32

3.2 The virtual address of a[3][2] is not found.

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