Advanced Function Class 1 Handout

First Name:___________________ Last Name: _________________ Student ID: ________

Functions: Review Transformations and Properties

Functions Review

Relation Function Vertical Line Test

A set of points. A set of points where each If a relation is a function, a
(Anything you can show on a graph) x-value has only one y-value. vertical line will only cross
the function once at any point
{(6, 5), (4, 0), (-8, 5)} {(6, 5), (4, 0), (-8, 5)} on the graph.
Relation Function
{(3, 5), (2, -9), (3, 7)} {(3, 5), (2, -9), (3, 7)}
Relation Not A Function
(Two points with an x-value of 3)

Function Not A Function

Example 1: Determine which of the following are functions:

a) {(3, 4), (2, -3), (3, -1), (4, -10)} b) {(2, 6), (1, 4), (5, 6), (-10, -10)}

c) d) e) Student f) Phone
Name Name
ID Number
123456 John Adams 905-123-4567 John Adams
234234 Raj Sood 905-234-5678 Raj Sood
987654 Sara Williams 905-345-6789 Raj Sood

g)
Function Notation

How to Write The Equation How to Ask a Question

Regular Notation y = 4x – 3 What is the value of y when x = 2?

Function Notation 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑓𝑓(2)

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Advanced Function Class 1 Handout

Independent variable: horizontal axis variable, normally x

Dependent variable: vertical axis variables, normally y
Example 2: Determine the value of each for the function 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟑𝟑.
a) 𝑓𝑓(2) b) 𝑓𝑓(0) c) 𝑓𝑓(−1) d) 𝑓𝑓(10)

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Example 3: Give 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 1 , 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥𝑥, and ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−3 , determine each of the
following in its simplest form:
a) 𝑓𝑓(−1) b) 𝑔𝑔(−2) c) ℎ(2) d) ℎ(𝑡𝑡 − 1) e) 𝑔𝑔(1 − 𝑡𝑡)
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f) ℎ � 𝑡𝑡 � g) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) + 3 h) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 + 3) i) 3𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) j)𝑓𝑓(√1 − 𝑥𝑥)
k) 𝑔𝑔(4) l) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) + 1

Example 4 i. Determine the value of each for the function shown on the graph:
a) 𝑓𝑓(0) b) 𝑓𝑓(−3) c) 𝑓𝑓(−2)

ii. From the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) as shown.

Determine i) 𝑓𝑓(5) ii) 𝑓𝑓(0) iii) 𝑓𝑓(−4)

Domain & Range

Domain Range
The set of x-values in a relation. The set of y-values in a relation.
From a Set of Points From a Set of Points
{ xɛR | x = list all of the x-values } { yɛR | y = list all of the y-values }
From a Graph From a Graph
{ xɛR | lowest x-value ≤ x ≤ highest x-value} { yɛR | lowest y-value ≤ y ≤ highest y-value}
Example #1 Example #2 Example #1 Example #2
{(1, 5), (3, -4), (5, 5)} 4 {(1, 5), (3, -4), (5, 5)} 4
2 2

−4 −2 2 4 −4 −2 2 4
−2 −2
−4 2 −4
Advanced Function Class 1 Handout

Example 5: Determine if each relation is a function. State the domain and range.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

Example 6: Determine if each relation is a function. State the domain and range.

1) 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 5)2 2) 𝑦𝑦 = −(7 − 𝑥𝑥)2 3) 𝑦𝑦 = −(2𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 4) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 7

5) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 6) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 16 7) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 49 8) 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑦𝑦 2 = 36

9) 𝑦𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥𝑥 2 10) 𝑦𝑦 = √9𝑥𝑥 2 − 4 11) y = −√𝑥𝑥 2 + 9 12) 𝑦𝑦 = −√16 − 𝑥𝑥 2

2 −4 −2𝑥𝑥 3
13) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 1 14) 𝑦𝑦 = +2 15) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥 16) 𝑦𝑦 =
√ √𝑥𝑥−1 5

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17) 𝑦𝑦 = 18) 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑥+3 19) 𝑦𝑦 = 2|𝑥𝑥 + 3| − 7 20) 𝑦𝑦 = −3|𝑥𝑥 − 2| + 4
√𝑥𝑥−1

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21) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 1

Transformations

 Shifting
o Given a function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and a constant c > 0
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐 shifts the graph up c units (add c to y-values)
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) − 𝑐𝑐 shifts the graph down c units (subtract c from y- values)
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐) shifts the graph left c units (subtract c from x-values)
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑐𝑐) shifts the graph right c units ( add c to x-values)
 Stretching & compressing
o Given a function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and a constant c > 1
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐 · 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) vertical stretch by a factor of c (multiply y-values by c)
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• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐 ∙ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) vertical compress by a factor of C (divide y-values by c)
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• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑐𝑐 · 𝑥𝑥) horizontal compress by a factor of C (divide x-values by c)
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• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑐𝑐 ∙ 𝑥𝑥) horizontal stretch by a factor of c (multiply x-values by c)
 Reflecting
o Given a function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
• 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) reflects graph about the x-axis (multiply all y values by -1)
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(−𝑥𝑥) reflects graph about the y-axis (multiply all x values by -1)

𝟏𝟏
Mapping Notation 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂�𝒃𝒃(𝒙𝒙 − 𝒄𝒄)� + 𝒅𝒅 (x, y) → (𝐛𝐛 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄, 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒅𝒅)

Example 7: Describe each transformation that must be applied to the function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥).
a) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 − 5) b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 + 1) − 4 c) 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑓𝑓(3𝑥𝑥) + 1

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Advanced Function Class 1 Handout

Example 8: Given the graph of the function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), draw the graphs of the following
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transformed function 𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑓𝑓(2(𝑥𝑥 + 3))

Inverse of a Function
Consider the function 𝑓𝑓 shown on the picture below. The inverse relation, denoted by 𝑓𝑓 −1 is
obtained by reversing the assignments defined by 𝑓𝑓.

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Note: 𝑓𝑓 −1 (x) ≠
f(x)

Example 9: Given 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥 + 2

a. Draw the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑔𝑔−1 (𝑥𝑥).
b. Determine the equation of 𝑔𝑔−1 (𝑥𝑥).

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Interval Notation

Example 10: Complete the chart below.

Interval Notation Inequality Notation English Sentence
(-∞, -2) The set of all real numbers less
than -2.
1≤ x ≤ 10

[-2,2] U [6, ∞) The set of all real numbers less

than or equal to 6 or greater
than 8.

Example 11: Use a number line to graph the intervals below.

a. [-3,4)
b. (-∞, -2) U [3, ∞)
c. x ≥ 6 and x ≤ 10

Example 12: Given the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) shown, identify the following:
a. The domain of the graph
b. The range of the graph
c. The increasing and decreasing intervals
d. The intervals where 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0