1.
FINGERPRINT - is a reproduction of some smooth surface of the ridges which
appear on the skin surface of the bulbs on the inside of the end of joints of the fingers
and thumbs.
2. FINGERPRINTING - is a method of identification of an individual through the use of
the impression made by the ridge formation in the terminal part of the fingers.
3. Nehemiah Grew - He described the ridges and pores of the hands and feet.
4. J.C.A. Mayer - stated in his book that no two persons are having fingerprints exactly
alike, nevertheless, the similarities are closer among some individuals.
5. Herman Welcker - took the prints of his own palm he printed the same palm to prove
that the prints do not change.
6. Kollman - an anthropologist who wrote his book on ridges and pores. He did not
associate fingerprints with identification.
7. Sir William J. Herschel - (FATHER OF CHIROSCOPY)
8. Sir Francis Galton - a noted British anthropologist and a cousin of scientist Charles
Darwin began observation which led to the publication in 1882 of his book
“Fingerprints.”
9. Juan Vucetich - an Argentinean police official, was the first person to put Galtons’s
system of classification into practice and then devised his own system of fingerprint
classification, which he called “Icnofalagometrico.”
10. Sir Edward Richard Henry - He became interested in fingerprints and devised a classification of his
own and published his work in book form and titled it “Classification and Uses of Fingerprints.
11. Mr. Jones - was the first to teach fingerprints in the Philippines in the Phil. Constabulary.
12. Mr. Generoso Reyes - The first Filipino fingerprint technician employed by the Phil gave the first
examinations in fingerprints.
13. People vs. Medina - The first conviction based on fingerprints was handed by the Supreme Court of
the Phil.
14. Thomas Bewick – an Englishman who used fingerprint as his signature by engraving them in a
wooden plate.
15. Adolphe Quetelet – developed a theory that there was a one to four chance of any two adult
persons having the same height.
16. John Dillinger – a notorious gangster and a police character, attempted to erase his fingerprints by
burning them with acid but as time went by the ridges were again restored to their “natural” feature.
17. Roscoe James Pitt (aka Robert Phillips) – a man who was once considered as a man without
fingerprint.
18. Dactyloscopy – is the science of fingerprint. It derived from Greek words: Dactylos – a finger and
skopien – to examine.
19. Chiroscopy – the science that deals with the study of the palm print in relation to identification.
20. Poroscopy – the science that deals with the study of human pores or sweat gland.
21. Podoscopy – the science deals with the study of the sole of human foot for identification purposes.
22. Principle of Individuality – There are no two fingerprints that are exactly alike unless taken from the
same finger.
23. Principle of Permanency – The configuration and details of individual ridges remain constant and
unchanging till after the final decomposition of the body.
24. Principle of Infallibility – That fingerprint is a reliable means of personal identification and all courts
accept and adopt fingerprint as a means of personal identification.
25. Thenar Zone – is the large cushion area at the base of the thumb.
26. Hypothenar Zone – this is the large cushion area just below the base of the little finger.
27. Palmar Zone – this is the area at the base of the fingers.
28. Carpal Delta Zone – this is the area about the center of the palm, down near the wrist where the
delta is frequently present.
29. Plantar Zone – is the space just below the base of the four little toes just beside the ball zone.
30. Calcar Zone – is the area located at the heel.
31. Tibial Zone – the area on the side of the foot where the big toe is located.
32. Epidermis – the upper or the outer layer of the skin.
33. Dermis – the lower of the inner layer of the skin.
34. Friction Skin – is the skin covering the bulb of the fingers and thumbs, the palm of the hands and the
soles of the feet.
35. Ridges – are tiny elevations or hill like structures on the epidermis of the skin containing the sweat
pores.
36. Furrows – are the depressions or canal found between the ridges.
37. Phalange – the skeletal finger covered by the friction skin is made up of three distinct bones namely:
38. Pores – are the mouth of the sweat gland ducts located on the summit of the ridges.
39 .Duct – serves as a passage way for the watery substance or the sweat.
40. Will and William West - Fingerprints offer an infallible means of personal identification.
