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212 views77 pagesEnglish Basic Practice and Revision 1
Uploaded by
Olga NazarenkoCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 77
1
i
Contents
Introduction
Checklist of words that you need to understand
Unit 1 Staruing and finishing a senten
Unit 2. Showing what someone has said
Unit 3 Capital letters
Unit 4 Using the comma
Unit 5_ Being careful with the comma
Unit. 6 What is the plural of ‘knife’?
Unit 7 What is the plural of ‘potato”?
Unit 8 Combining words with an apostrophe
Unit 9 Adding -’s toa noun
Unit 10 Whose, its, theirs ...
Unit 11 Adding -s to a verb
Unit 12. Adding -ing to a verb
Unit 13. Adding -ed to a verb
Unit 14 Irregular verbs 1
Unit 15 Irregular verbs 2
Unit 16 Adjectives
Unit 17. Adjectives ending in «ing | -ed
Unit 18 Making adjectives negative
Unit 19 Adding ] Make the following nouns plural:
ox - foot - tooth - woman - chilg
mouse - goose -
[[iask3_] Are the underlined words singular or plural? What is strange about these
words?
1 Apparently there are some 148 million sheep in Australia,
2. We have three goldfish.
3 We caught three large salmon in the river.
4 We saw some deer grazing on the hillside.
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going ono 8
Reference
Is it -0s or -oes?
2 For most words that end in 0, simply add -s for the plural form.
These include:
© words of Spanish or Italian origin, especially those
connected with music
eg. cellojcellos, pianojpianos, Sopranojsopranos, concerto/concertos
© words where there is another vowel in front of the ©
eg. Studio/studios, patio,
Ipatios, 2002008, cuckoo|cuckoos,
kangaroo/kangaroos
© words that are abbreviations
8. thinofthinos (rhino = thinoceros), hippo/hippos (hippo =
hippopotamus), kilofkil . |
. 0s (kilo = : -
(Photo = photograph) s (kilo = kilogram), photo[photos
20 Task 2
b
©
eg.
d
eg.
B
Task 1
There are some exceptions.
© Certain words ending in-o take ¢
es for the plural form, These
include:
dominojdominoes, echo}
lechoes, herojheroes,
potato/potatoes, tomatol
tomatoes,
@ Certain words ending in-o can take either es or-s. These
include
Mango/Mangoes (or mangos), mosquitofmosquitoes (or
Mosquitos), tornadojtornadoes (or tornados),
volcano|volcanoes (or volcanos)
Some words do not change at all, They are both singular and
plural:
one sheep [ two sheep; a deer | a herd of deer; a fish | a shoal of fish
Sometimes we have to spell a word slightly differently to
show that it is plural:
foot feet, man men, goose geese, tooth teeth, ox oxen
Give the plural form of the underlined words.
ayausuna
9
10
n
12
13
Zoo are places where wild animals are kept and exhibited.
Kangaroo are found in Australia.
Contrary to what people believe, elephants are not afraid of mouse.
Although clumsy on land, hippo are extremely agile in water.
Tomato were first introduced into Europe from Peru.
Roast beef with roast potato is my favourite dish.
Lord Nelson is regarded as one of Britain's greatest hero.
Rhino have been known to live for over forty years.
Hurricanes and tornado are the most violent storms of all.
Malaria is transmitted by mosquito.
All the islands of Hawaii are actually the tops of great volcano.
The suitcase weighed thirty kilo.
We took lots of photo on holiday. Score: 1!
Match the phrases A B
in column A with aherd of goose
suitable noun a gang of tooth
Sere 8, a gaggle of ox
eal a flock of workman
a set of false sheep Score:
a ;
4
heli
at
8
Combining words with an Postroph,
A
[oiask J took carey atthe piece of writing below. itis from a postcard, Som
is ok careful
Task 2
Whi of
: 2
the words need an apostrophe (). Which ones? And where exact, shot
the apostrophe be placed?
Dear Mark, Mertho, Michelle and Dominic,
balay? Were having lots of fx
orl dang log ef ely Kee gy? Re
been lovely, Int to bearing to’ dod over yy
Hope youre enjoying the sunmer.
Lote of love,
‘Amma, Frances, Pip and Tom.
Read the following joke. Are all the words
written correctly? Se
Jane: What follows a dog everywhere? = 2»)
Mary: I dont know, Its
3. That's our car. > That's .
4 That’s not your pencil. - That's not . Score: /4
Use the words that are given to complete each set of statements or
questions.
a whose / who's
1 sone been using my pen?
2 shoes are these?
3 side are you on?
4 .. that man over there?
5 Idon't care fault it is.
b its / it's
1 A leopard never changes .... spots.
2 cusses Very Warm in here.
3 sumnmnnene HO use Crying over spilt milk.
4 The owl kills...» Prey with claws.
c theirs / there's
.. a hole in your sock.
2. Why are they using our machine? What's wrong with
pa
3. Is that ours oF ... ai?)
an _.. nothing we can do about it. Score: /14
7 Task 1
Task 2
A a
«The ‘doing’ oF ‘being’ May occuring
or ‘being’ word Te ee of a verb tells us whether yy,
esent, P re. Read the passage below arg
rast oss Which tense is Being Used, the
aeyerbs end ins. Why?
nen an animal catches a lizard by
Averb is a “doing”
present, the past of
are talking about the pr
underline every verb you Com
present or the past? Some oft
ards have long tails. Wh
Most li:
ff and the lizard escapes. Before
ail, the tail usually drops ©!
+ anew tail grows. Lizards are cold-blooded animal,
emselves in the ground: that is how
its ta
long, howeve
In cold weather they bury th
they keep warm.
ach of the verbs in brackets needs to end in -. Are any other changes
necessary? Write out each verb.
My sister (play) the piano.
My baby sister (cry) a lot
Faisal never (pay) attention in class.
My mother (worry) too much.
My father (enjoy) fishing
The Great Wall of China (stretch) for 2,150 miles
My brother hardly ever (watch) television.
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on 1B
Nousune
Reference
oe
eg.
eg.
28
a When talking about the present, we add + to a verb ifone
person or thing (he]shefit) is performing the action or being
described by the verb.
b When adding sto a verb, we apply the following rules:
© Normally we just add +:
come (she comes); laugh (she laughs); work (it works)
© Ifthere is a vowel in front of y, the -y does not change whe
we adds:
say (she says); play (he plays); stay (he stays) Vie
@ I there isa consonant in front of-y, the ending, becomes ies
when we add
eg. try (he tries); study (she studies); worry (he worries)
© We add es to verbs ending in-o,-ss,-dt, -shrand x. We do
this in order to make it easier to pronounce the word
eg. go (he goes); miss (she misses); wateh (he watches); wash (she
washes); fix (he fixes}
€ The verbs ‘to have’ (he/shefit has) and ‘to be (he/shefit is) are
irregular verbs.
B
Task The three passages below are written in the present tense. Look at each
verb in brackets. Does it need to change in any way? Tick any verb that
does not need to be changed. Write out any verb that needs to be
changed.
I Breathing through lungs
‘Mammals (have) lungs. When we (breathe) in, air (go) through the nose
and mouth and then down a long tube to the lungs. The lungs (be) like
spongy bags. Inside the lungs, oxygen (pass) from the air into the
blood. The blood (carry) the oxygen to every part, or cell, of the body.
‘The other gases in the air (pass) out of the body when we (breathe)
out.
Score: /8
2° The cuckoo
The cuckoo never (make) a nest. She (lay) her eggs in the nests of
other birds. The cuckoo always (choose) a nest where the eggs (look)
like her own. She (take) one egg from the nest and (leave) her own in
its place. Then she (fly) off with the stolen egg. When the mother bird
(return) to the nest, she (have) no idea that there (be) a cuckoo egg in
her nest. But as soon as the eggs (hatch), the cuckoo (create) a lot of
trouble because of its size and strength and (force) all the other young
birds out of the nest.The mother bird then just (feed) and (care) for
the young cuckoo. Score: /15
3 The camel
‘When a camel (go) on a long journey, it (carry) its food with it. For
days before it (start) its journey. a camel (do) nothing but eat and
drink. It (eat) so much that a hump of fat (rise) on its back. The camel's
body (use) up this fat during a long journey,
Score: /7
29 cater
Complete each of the sentences below with the verb in brackets, adg
sing
to each verb.
1 a Sheis a letter. (write)
b We are to Australia, (move)
¢ Who's been my towel? (use)
2 a He started vu a fast as he could. (run)
b Igo every Saturday. (swim)
© He keeps on my toes! (step)
3a lt’s been nnn all morning, (rain)
BPM NOE vsernsnsns very well. (feel)
© Tale sane Potatoes. (peel)
40 a He spent an hour .o..eoonnn Up his room. (tidy)
b What are you .. ...? (study)
¢ Whyis he..... (cry)
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before gong onto B
Reference
a The disappearing ¢
© Look at the examples below. In each case, the verb ends ina
consonant +e, When we add -ing, we drop the 2:
smoke - smokin;
} Prepare - preparing; make - making
© Look at the examples below. In each case, the verb ends in 1
When we add sng, we drop the «:
Pursue - pursuing: argue -arguing
Exception: queue - queueing (or queuing)
> Doubling the last letter (onesyttable verbs)
A onesyllable verb is a ye
, S a verb that : celeg.
hit, get, meet, pul). Look at is pronounced all at once (¢
each verb isa ¢ the examples below. The final letter of
consonant. When uamnt. There is just one vowel in front of the
COW add sng, the final consonant doubles.
30 Gann sree
‘A
Task.
MORAN EL BREN LDOOB mn nn eI
put - putting: fit- fittings cut - cutting
stop - stopping seinem
Warning! Loo!
on ; Look at the examples below. If there are two vowels,
he final consonant does not double.
beat - beating; shout - shouting: shoot - shoe
creep - creeping
na
¢ Verbs ending in -w,-x,-
© Look at the examples below. The final letter of each verb is
aw,-x, -y. When we add -ing to these verbs, the final letter
does not double.
sew - sewing; box - boxing; fly - flying
B
‘Complete each sentence with the verb(s) in brackets. Each verb needs to
end in -ing.
1 It’s . with rain. (pour)
2 Stop me! (copy)
3. It’s no use. about it. (worry)
4 My dad was mad when he found out what I had
done. (hop)
5 Why are they that hole? (dig)
6 The audience started .. and (cheer) (clap)
7 We kept and . on the ice. (slip) (slide)
8 She's always .. with me. (argue)
9 We're a party tomorrow. (have)
10 We were .. | behind some bushes and saw the man
"the dog with a stick. (hide) (hit)
11 Are you to do anything special this weekend? (plan)
12 Weare ~ off early tomorrow morning. (set)
13 Although the sun was it was outside.
(shine) (freeze)
14. Twas just ! joke)
15. Heis .. much harder this term and his work is
certainly ... better. (try) (get) Score: /20
at Task 1
Task 2
eg.
eg.
eg.
32
-ed to a verb
Adding
1 have been undertined. Are they inthe present
a
Look at the verbs that have be
past tense? How do you
eople once believed that gods jy,
ves. Ifa person wanted help from a tree g0d, he reached oup
ao ereexched wood. The custom of touching Wood for good lucy
and touc afer people stopped believing in tree gods, Do jp,
D
In many parts of the world, P
continued long
touch wood for luck?
Put the verbs in brackets into the past tense by adding -ed. Be carefu, yoy
may have to make other changes as well.
1 The children (clap), (cheer) and (roar) with laughter when the
clowns (start) throwing paint at each other,
2. The car (skid) on the slippery road and (crash) into a tree.
3. She (study) very hard and (try) her very best. Unfortunately, she
(fail) the exam.
4 Queen Victoria, who (die) in 1901, (reign) for 63 years and 216
days.
5 At first he (stare) at me in a strange way. Then he (nod) and
(smile).
6 We (stay) behind after school and (play) football in the
playground
7 He (say) that he had already (pay) the bill.
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on to 8
Reference
When adding ed to a verb, try to remember the following points:
a Ifaverb already ends in ~, just add -d:
Move - moved; like - liked
Ifa verb ends i
Se endsinaconsonant + y, the y will change to
hurry - hurried; carry - carried: fry - fried
© Mfaverb ey
averends in a vowel + y, the ¥ does not change:
Slay stayed: play - payed RELL EME LL LED et Bal BERT
There are three main exceptions to this rule
say +s
Pay = paid; lay - laid
d_ Ifa one-syllable verb ends in
consonant will double:
a vowel + consonant, the
Mop stopped; skip - skipped; hop - hopped
If there
doubl
re two vowels in front, the final consonant does not
steer - steered; clean - cleaned; rain - rained
Task,
Add -ed to the verbs in brackets and make any other changes that may be
necessary.
We (enjoy) our stay on the farm.
She (say) she really (fancy) him.
He (beg) me to stop.
Mary (cheat) in the exam! She (copy) from me.
She (slap) me across the face.
The baby (cry) all night.
I (step) on his toes and he (drop) the plate.
The dog (bury) the bone in the garden
9 I lay) the table while my brother (prepare) the meal.
10. They (rob) the bank and (escape) in a stolen car.
11 We (pray) for better weather.
12. You (disobey) my orders!
13. She (marry) a millionaire.
14 He (fire) the gun, but (miss) the target.
15. The box (contain) lots of toys.
16 The Joud music (annoy) our neighbours.
17 He (tap) me on the shoulder.
18 Dogs have been (ban) from this park.
19. She (pour) me a drink.
20 He (rub) the words off the board. Score: /26
OBYoununa
33, 14
ae
Irregular verbs 1
A
Pu le past tense.
kets into the simp!
KA] Put each verb in brac
1 garden,
hey (dig) a big hole in our
“e meh Sie big hole in our garden.
new coat.
1 My mother (buy) me at
2. Yesterday my aunt (bring) us some good news,
3. The burglar (creep) up the stairs.
4 I (hear) a strange noise.
5 Suddenly 1 (feel) sick.
{aakat the verbs that have been underlined. In which sentences are th
i e
Wa the present tense? In which sentences are the verbs « the paso
What's strange about these particular verbs?
1 bet I know the answer!
He bet £100 on a horse called ‘Fortune’, and it finished lastt
Although I eat a lot of chocolate, I never Dut on weight,
She put the dress on, looked in the mirror and realised that
she had put on weight.
Rune
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before 80iNg on to B
Reference
——___Leference
34
2 Usually we add ed to a verb to Putit into the past tense. There
are, however, ™many important exceptions. Many verbs are
irregular and should be learnt by heart,
b For some irregular verbs, you need to learn one extra word in
order to form Phrases in the Past: e.g. tell - told
Told her the truth. | We h
ave told everybody the news. | They
weren't told until yeste,
day.
© Here are some more examples:
bend bent; bring . brought; build - buitt; buy - bought; can-
GUSht creep - crept; deal - dealt; dig - dug; feed
fed: feel - fet; fight fought: find - found; get - got; hang - hung:
a: hear heard; hota . held; keep - kept; lead - led;
learnt; leave left; lena Tent; lose - lost; make - made: wen ar ats PIE BE EL Hho O08
meet - met; sell - sold;
meet «met sell- sold shine - shone shoot ~ shot sit sat sTeep
tun: strike idl; spend - spent; stand - stood; stick - stuck; sting
~ stung; strike - struck
tung: strike = struck; teach - taught; think - thoughts
win -won
¢ Some onesyllable verbs do not have a separate past form. The
verb remains the same in the past:
gh. Set - set
Tnormally set off for school at 8.30. Yesterday, I set off at 8.15.
© Here are some more examples of verbs that do not have a
separate past form
bet; bid; burst; cast; cost; cut; hit; hurt; let; put; read; shut;
split; spread; upset
B
Task 1
Task 2
The following verbs in brackets need to be in the past tense. Change the
form of the verb where necessary. Tick any verb that does not need to
change.
1 We (catch) the first available train, but then (find) we had (get)
on the wrong train.
2. I got (sting) by a bee and it really (hurt).
3 At halftime the score was 4-nil, and we (think) we had (lose)
the match. But in the second half we (fight) back really hard
and (win) the game by five goals to four.
4. My little brother (spread) the butter all over his face and we
all (burst) out laughing.
We (hold) hands as we (slide) down the muddy hill.
They (keep) on teasing me.
When he (bend) down, he (split) his trousers.
Iwas (teach) to swim by my father.
She (stick) her tongue out at me, and that (make) me really
wearau
mad.
We (spend) the whole day on the beach and (build) a huge
10
sandcastle that (can) be seen for miles around.
Score: /22
Correct any spelling mistakes in the sentences below.
1 In 1912 the Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been Bilt.
2. Everybody thougt that the ship was unsinkable,
3 on her first voyage, the Titanic struk an iceberg and sank Score: /3
35 15 Irregular verbs 2
ast form. In each
A] Change each verb in brackets into its correct p. 256 ag
"just one word.
1 Lwas so tired that I (fall) asleep immediately.
; cep in class.
2 Thave often (fall) asleep inc .
3 Yesterday a dog (bite) my brother on the leg.
Thave never been (bite) by a dog.
He (begin) to cry when I told him the news.
‘The film hasn't (begin) yet.
He (hide) the key under a stone. :
The police discovered that the thieves had (hide) the Money
under the kitchen floor.
9 He was so thirsty that he (drink) three bottles of lemonade in
five minutes,
10 He said that it was the first time he had (drink) cider.
Vous
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on to 8
Reference
——___Reference
@ For some irregular verbs, you need to le
arn two words in order
‘0 form phrases in the past tense
£8. give: gave-given
> When learning the two pay
forms of these particular verbs,
remember that the fj form stands on ils own (e.g. he gave)
and the second form is ustitlly accompanied by another verb
(ex. Thave given: {was given),
© Here are some further examples of this ype of irregular
verb. Study carefully the Spelling of the words listed below.
beat - beat beaten; begin bexan - bey
blow - blew - blow: break - broke -
chosen; come -canie «con
‘SUN; bite - bit - bitten:
broken; choose - chose -
do - did done; draw drew
drawn: drink drank -drunk tive - drove driven; eat -ate~
eaten Ell fel allen: fy then Down: forget «forgot «
forgotten; freeze «try, + frozen; BO- Went gone: grow - grew -
Browns hide bid hidden; knee Knew - knownt ride -rode=
PUM; Fs rose rset MIN TAN- TUN; see saw - seen: shake=
6 yt!
bt ep pnw ernst
shook - shaken; sing - sang - sung sink - sank - sunk; speak -
spoke = spoken; steal - stole - stolen; swim - swam = swam: take =
took - taken; tear - tore « torn, throw - threw - thrown; wear =
wore - worn; write - wrote - written
Task
Task 2
:
:
Select the correct alternative in each case.
1 Lalmost cried when she
ung | sung) my favourite song.
She said that she had never (sang / sung) in front of an
audience before
I've (spoke / spoken) to her on seve
We've (ran / run) out of milk.
I'm afraid I (forgot / forgotten) her birthday.
Tbet she's (forgot / forgotten) all about it.
I'm sure I (saw / seen) her yesterday.
She (swam / swum) the English Channel in six hours.
The ship (sank / sunk) to the bottom of the sea.
10 “I (did / done) it,” he admitted.
11 “I've (did / done) it,” he announced.
12. He has never (rode / ridden) a bicycle.
13 Somebody's (took | taken) her pen.
14 Somebody (came | come) in and (took | taken) my bag.
15 Tom: Did you hear about the thief who (stole / stolen) a
al occasions.
evousu
©
calendar?
Mike: No, what happened?
Tom: He got twelve months! Score: /16
Check your spelling by selecting the correct alternative in each case.
He (toor / tore) his trousers.
I (new | knew) she would be angry.
Have you (writen | written) to her?
We (flu / flew) to Greece.
The referee (blew / blue) his whistle.
‘That's not the one I wanted. You (choose | chose) the wrong
one!
He (war / wore) his best clothes for the occasion.
He (shook / shock) my hand.
She (broke / brocke) her leg in the accident.
10. England was (beaten | beeten) 2-0 by Spain, Score: /10
auauna
won
a7 16 Adjectives
- ? Look atthe jokes below. How many adjective can
What is an adjective? Loo
You find? Underline them.
What silly fool put these flowers on, my desky
1 Secretary: Wha
Boss: Idid,
Secretary: Oh, aren't they lovely?
2 Customer: This steak is terrible. | want the Manager!
Waiter: Lam sorry, sit. He's not on the menu,
% Aunt: Eat all your vegetables and you'll grow uy
pretty and intelligent girl,
Niece: Didn’t you eat any vegetables when you were little then
P to be a very
Tesk 2] How many spelling mistakes can you find in the jokes below?
1 Man: I'd like to order a Piece of steak as tuff as old leather,
some peas as hard as bullets, an:
chips.
Waiter: Oh sir, we couldn't
awfull as that.
Man: — Why not? ‘That's what you gave me yesterday.
2 Customer: This soup’s a bit funney.
Waiter: Really? So why aren't
3 Brother: Last night 1 dreamt 1 was dancing with the most
beautifull girl in the world
Sister: Really? What was 1 wearing?
a helping of greasey
Possibly serve you anything as
you laughing?
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on to B.
Reference
——___felerence
@ An adjective is a word th,
‘at describes somet
The words big and nice
‘thing or someone.
are adjectives,
b Sometimes it is qj
because of the
Jearnt by heart
ull to remembe,
Way it is Pronounce,
T how to spell an adjective
4. Such words need to be
eg. tough / rough | str
“EN (pronounced “ul? | rute / strait’)
38 eg:
eg.
Task.
FA 8 ER BEE SEEM ME MEL EET
€ Some common adjectives cause spelling problems because
there are double letters within the word. Again, such words
arnt by heart
need to be
sorry, possible, difficult, different, necessary, horrible, terrible
4 There are, however, some spelling rules which will make life
casier for you when using adjectives
‘© When the word full is added to another word, the last 4is
dropped. That is why there is only one 4 at the end of such
adjectives as careful, beautiful, awful, painful ..
© When we add -y to a word ending in-e, the ¢ usually disappears:
grease - greasy; noise - noisy; rose - rosy; scare - scary
@ When we add +y to a onesyllable word that ends in one
vowel + consonant, the consonant doubles:
sun - sunny; fog - foggy; fun - funny
Note that there is no in front of the -y. Very few adjectives
end in ey (e.g. grey). Most words that end in ey are nouns
rather than adjectives (e.g. monkey, turkey, donkey).
B
There is at least one spelling mistake in each of the following sentences.
Underline and correct each mistake.
Iwas feeling hungrey and thirsty.
1
2. She got angrey with me and said some really horible things
3 Although the weather was awfull, we had a wonderfull holiday.
4 I've got short wavey hair and rosey cheeks.
5 My brother's got long straite hair.
6 I'm usually cheerfull and easygoing, but I have a nastey temper.
7 My brother's quite shy and doesn't like noisey parties.
8. The stoney path was really ruffon our feet and I was quite
glad when we reached the grassy hillside.
9. It was dificult to tell whether I had a cold or flu, had a runy
nose and a terible cough. On the other hand, my temperature
was normal.
10. The food was taste
11 That's not posible, is it?
12. The operation was painfull but necesery.
Score: /20
39 40
17
Task
eg.
eg.
eg.
eg.
eg.
ag
Adjectives ending in -ing / -ed
A
Rewrite each word in brackets 50 that it ends in either -ing or -eg,
tows "a "
Lfound the book very (bore).
Tm not (interest) in sport.
It’s an (amaze) story. :
He wasn't (satisfy) with what I said.
It was quite an (amuse) film. .
'm sorry, but I'm not (amuse). That wasn’t funny,
She is (annoy) with me because I didn’t help her.
What's that (annoy) noise?
This report is really (please).
She is (please) with my progress.
The news is rather (worry).
She had a (worry) expression on her face.
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on to 8
Reference
Adjectives may end in -ing or ed:
This lesson is boring. / 1am bored,
{0 form such adjectives, we apply the same rules used for
forming verbs ending in ing or ed,
When adding -ing, remember:
© we drop the ~ if the word ends in consonant +-¢
amuse - amusing
© ¥does not change
Worry - worrying
When adding ed, remey
‘mber;
© if there is already an %, just add
amuse - amused
© ¥+ ed become,
‘dif there js F
‘$4 consonant in front of the
Worry - Worried " Task.
FANE UALS MEO SE UNE
d Adjectives ending in ing are often used to describe what
someone or something is like:
It is interesting. | He is good-looking, | He is charming,
e Adjectives ending in ed are often used to describe a person's
feelings
Tam pleased. | I was shocked, | He looks frightened.
£ Certain adjectives are so common that you should make
absolutely sure that you do not misspell them. Learn the
following by heart:
annoyingjannoyed; boring/bored; depressing/depresseds
disappointing/disappointed; disgusting/disgusted;
embarrassing/embarrassed; excitingjexcited;
frightening/frightened; horrifying/horrified; shocking/shocked;
surprising/surprised; terrifying/terrified; worrying|worried
Check your spelling. Underline and correct any adjective that has been
misspelt. Place a tick against any sentence that does not contain a spelling
mistake.
1 Twas suprised to see her again.
2 The children were getting exited because it was almost the
end of term.
It was the most boreing film I had ever seen.
‘The storm was really terifying and we hid under our beds.
We were terrified of our new teacher.
It was such an embarassing situation that I went as red as a
ausu
beetroot.
7 [was too embarrased to tell her the truth.
8 What depressing weather!
9 She looked quite shoked when she came out of the room.
10 The food was desgusting and we refused to eat it.
11. My teacher said she wasn't satisfyed with my explanation.
12 Our teacher was horrorfied when he found out what we had
done.
13. Iwasa fritening
again!
1a We were all very dissapointed when the trip was cancelled,
15 He has the annoying habit ofchewing is nails when reading.
Je She looks worryed. Do you think there is something wrong? Score: /16
experience and I shall never go back there
a 18 Making adjectives negative
A ;
[SET Wine dun one wort in place of the two given. In each case, you yy
Task] Wiite down
j ik, i in-, irs, un- oF dis.
have to supply an adjective beginning ci ib, im-, de
€g not comfortable = uncomfortal
1 not possible = 6 not important
2 not legal 7 not necessary
3 not regular 8 not mature
4
5
.
"
"
not honest 9 not patient
not usual 10 not visible
”
Now check your answers and then consi the Reference section before g0ing on to 8
Reference
——____Reference
® Many adjectives can be made negative by adding a prefix to
them. A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the
beginning of a word to make a new word,
© _happy- unhappy (un-= a negative prefix)
b Understanding the use of ne
‘gative prefixes will help you to
improve your spelling.
Sm + necessary = unnecessary; dis « satisfied = dissatistied
fix goes with which adjective
Certain adjectives follow a
adjectives, however, noed t
© Which negative pre
Particular pattern, Many common
'o be learnt by heart.
din, it, im.
These three pre
Sxes follow a particular P
adjectives,
attern with some
© ‘the prefix it-is ade
eg (irregular, (it}responsible; (irrelevant
SA Some exceptions: (un)rel
liable; (un)reasonable
'd to certain adjectives beginning with r:
© The prefix itis add
8. (logical: (ij
Ms,
SA Some exce
'd to cert
ain adjectives beginning with I
Bal; (legible:
(illiterate
Plions:(unjtucky. (
Unlimited
42 St ih Ai UE Bern
© The prefix im: is added to certain adjectives beginning with
mot p:
(im)moral; (im)mature; (im)possible: {im)polite
Some exceptions: (un)popular; (un)pleasant
ein, dis, un-
These three prefixes do not follow a predictable pattern. The
commonest prefix is un. Adjectives taking in- and dis should be
learnt by heart:
eg. in: (injaccurate; (injexpensive; (ineffective; (injefficient;
(in}capable; (in)secure
dis: (dis)loyal; (dis}honest; (dis)respectful
un-: (un)occupied; (unnecessary; (un)official
Task 1 Complete each adjective below with in- or un-:
an......efficient secretary; an .....grateful child; an ......convenient
moment; an ......curable disease; an ......formal interview: an
wo €Ven surface; an ......expensive present; an ......fair decision; an
accurate answer Score: /9
2 Complete each adjective below with im- or u
an .....polite remark; an .....popular decision; an .....pleasant sight:
an.......patient teacher Score: /4
3 Complete each adjective below with ir-, i- or un-:
_..Fesponsible parents; an ......reliable worker; an ......reasonable
request; .....Jegible handwriting; an......literate peasant; .....ucky
numbers Score: /6
4 Complete each adjective below with dis- or u
obedient children; ....satisfactory work; .....respectful students:
fortunate results core: /5
loyal workers;
43 19
Task 2
eg.
eg.
eg.
o an adjective
st t
-e
adding -er/
o that they end in -er. You will need to
kets $ W dd -er to
rewrite the adjectives Nes are required hen you add each
ee ying cb
spel
decide if any SP .
word that the Barth is getting (warm).
fost scientists Dee can Australia.
a Jesert is (TBE her students in the cl
The sana desert 6 Ee of the other s ; class,
peter may be (ft) and (strong) than most of them!
: put I reckon he is much (fit)
d in -est. You will need
in kets so that they en o
Rewrite the adjectives ins Se Saou Sioa nat
decide if any spelling ¢ =e
, (small) of the oceans, and the Pacific is the
1. The Arctic is the
Gaon when he told her that she was the (pretty) girl in
the class. | ;
Graham is definitely the (lazy) boy in the class!
3
Now check your answers and then consult the Reference section before going on to B.
Reference
a Ifan adjective ends in r, this tells us that a comparison is
being made.
He is taller than his mother.
c
Ifan adjective ends in st, this tells us that a particular person
or thing is being singled out from a group of people or things.
Paul is the tallest boy in the class.
i eeeeaciaet 0 onesyllable adjectives (e.g, fat, thin) and to
ane adjectives ending in - (e.g. easy, pretty). For most
other two- jecti
adjectig o tble adjectives and for all other longsounding
Hectives, we use more and most
This chair is p
F hore comfortable th: a
interesting Book Thave eves Fees te ce
ead.
4 We apply the
followii
adjective: lowing
Tules when adding er or «st to an this been owns re
til HE Wilh ds bch Lf MEL MLWED tes mame nariins cw
,
@ For words of one
| of one syllable ending in <¢, just add 7 or st
eg large - larger largest; safe - safer - safest
© For words of one
| words of one syllable ending. in one vowel + consonant,
the final consonant is doubled
cg. fit fitter- fittest; thin - thinner - thinnest
¢ For words of one syllable ending in two vowels + consonant,
the final consonant is not doubled:
eg. great - greater - greatest; cool - cooler - coolest
@ When ¢r or ~st is added to an adjective ending in a
consonant +, the -y becomes 4:
eg. easy -easier - easiest; pretty - prettier - prettiest; lazy - lazier -
laziest; dry - drier - driest
__—__— 8
.ckets should end in -er or -est. Write
Task
Decide whether each adjective in brai
out each adjective.
) and (light) than the Earth.
1. The Moon is much (small)
tains are on the sea bed. Some
2. Some of the world’s (big) mount
undersea mountains are (tall) than those on land.
35. Some seas are (salty) than others. The Dead Sea, between
Jordan and Israel, isso salty that no fish can live in it
4 As you climb up a mountain, the air becomes (thin) and it
becomes (hard) to breathe. That's why mountaineers carry
extra oxygen with them.
5 More than 120 million people cross the border between Mexico
and the USA every year, making it the (busy) frontier in the world.
6 Deserts are the (hot) and (dry) places on Earth. The Antarctic
is the (cold) and (windy) place in the world.
wide) road in the world is the Monumental Axis in
Brasilia, Brazil, It is 250 metres wide, which is wide enough
for 160 cars side by side.
g “What's the (cheap) and (easy) way
“Buy an atlas!”
to see the world?”
9. “What is the (dirty) word in the world?”
“pollution!”
10. “Which word grows (small) when you add letters to
“1 don’t know.” ;
vghort, When you add