ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS

School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The use of commercial

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the

mustard family (Brassicaceae), grown as an annual or

biennial, or perennial life spans. It is a popular root

vegetable in both tropical and temperate regions.It is

highly appreciated by consumers for its pungent taste.It

could be eaten raw in salads,prepared as pickles,or cooked

with fish,meat and shrimp, and other meals.Due to its

popularity,radish is often planted in many home gardens or

raised commercially in the field(BAS,1979).

Radish is a quick growing and short duration

vegetable crop.It is high nutritive value.It is a good

source of ascorbic acid and trace elements. They also have

a lot of vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant to protect

our cells from damage and also a good source of natural

nitrates, which may help to improve blood flow.

In the context, a concoction refers to a thoughtfully

crafted mixture of various substances, tailored for

specific purposes, whether they be traditional remedies,

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culinary delights, medicinal preparations, industrial

formulations, or experimental compounds. There are

concoctions which is the, fermented fruit juice is an

organic concoction made from fruits materials, use to

enhance the soil and increase production of leafy plants in

gardens,and also used to increase sweetness and yield of

fruiting plants as well as building healthier soil.Other is

the fermented plant juice it is an organic concoction made

from plant material,preferably young shoots of vigorously

growing plants, which are made to ferment with the aid of

molasses and brown sugar that contain nutrients in plant.

Therefore,suggested that FFJ and FPJ combinations

is good for plant Hence, the researchers come up to use of

vermicompost as fertilizer on container-grown radish to

determine its growth and yield performance and to produce

healthful and hazard free crop.

Objectives of the Study

This study was conducted to determine the growth and

yield performance of container-grown radish applied with

FFJ and FPJ compositions.

Specifically it seek to:

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1. Determine the growth performance of radish using

FFJ and FPJ in terms of plant height and number of

functional leaves and canopy.

2. Determine the yield performance of container-

grown radish using FFJ and FPJ in terms of the length of

harvested tubers, weight of harvested tubers, and weight of

marketable tubers and non-marketable.

3. Determine if there is a significant difference on

the growth and yield performance of container-grown radish

using FFJ and FPJ combination.

4. Compute the return of investment of the container-

grown radish using FFJ and FPJ combination.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study is limited to find out the growth and

yield performance of container-grown radish applied with

FFJ and FPJ combination. The growth was determined in terms

of plant height and number of functional leaves and canopy,

while yield was determined in terms of the length of

harvested tubers, weight of harvested tubers and weight of

marketable tubers. There were six (6) treatments replicated

four (4) times using Randomized Complete Block Design

(RCBD). The
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treatments were: Treatment A-30% FFJ + 50% FPJ,B-50% FFJ +

50%FPJ,C-70%FFJ + 30%FPJ,D-control 1 (100% FFJ) E- control 2

(100% FPJ), F-control 3 (No fertilizer applied).

An experimental area of 20 square meters was utilized

in which containers of sacks with 30 kilograms soil

capacity were distributed with a distance of 0.5 meter

between treatments and 1 meter between replications. There

were four sacks per treatment with two hills each, having

two seeds per hill with a distance of 12 centimeters.

The data was analyzed using the Analysis of Variance

(ANOVA) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and data

with significant results was further subjected to Duncan’s

Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

This study was conducted at Iloilo State College of

Fisheries-San Enrique Campus, San Enrique, Iloilo, Crop

Science Research Area from February 16,2024 to march 8,

2024 .

Significance of the Study

The result of the study can help the radish farmers

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choose the appropriate FFJ and FPJ combination to be

applied on radish.

To the extension workers, this will provide

information about effects of applying FFJ and FPJ

combination. The result will also serve as their basis to

encourage farmers to utilize FFJ and FPJ combination as

fertilizer.

To the researcher, this will give them information

about the appropriate FFJ and FPJ combination applicable

to radish and will serve as basis for the conduct of

similar studies.

For the environment-conscious people, the result of

the study will be used for their advocacy, a stepping stone

towards the discovery of more organic fertilizers which

could help lessen the environmental pollution.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined to clarify their

meaning and to avoid confusion arising from varied view

points of the readers:

Container Growing. The process of planting plants

inside a container. In this study empty sacks were used.

Concoction. The mixture or combination of various

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ingredients often prepared for a specific purpose such as a

drink, remedy, or solution.

Growth Performance. The increase in height and number

of functional leaves of radish plant applied with FFJ and

FPJ combinations.

Height. The distance of measurement from the base of

the plant up to the tip of the highest leaf.

Marketable Tubers. The saleable radish root that are

damage free and clean.

Organic Fertilizer. It is a fertilizer derived from

decomposing plants and animal matter, human excreta and

animal manure. In this study, FFJ and FPJ was used.

Performance. It is the capacity to achieve a desired

result. In this study the performance of radish was

determined in terms of its growth and yield using

combinations of FFJ and FPJ.

Radish. The subspecie of the plant having the

scientific name (Raphanus sativus L.). In this study

sinandok variety was used.

Randomize Complete Block Design. It is a design used

in the study. It is used when the area is uncontrolled or in

agronomic field where blocking is introduced to equalize the

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effect of variables.

Tubers. It is a short, thick, round, root or stem

that is a part of certain plant that grows underground.

Weed. A plant that is uselessly undesirable or a

plant that grows in a place where it is not needed and

detrimental to the growth of the main plant. In this study,

weeds were controlled by hand weeding.

Yield Performance. The production of radish applied

with FFJ and FPJ combinations based on the length of

harvested tubers and weight of harvested, marketable tubers

and non-marketable.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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This chapter presents the review of related

literature and studies relevant to the present study. The

topics included are and radish.

Vermicompost Applied to Radish

Vermicompost is considered as block gold for any

gardeners or a farmer, an excellent soil amendment and bio-

control agent. It is also known as best organic fertilizer

and more eco-friendly as compared to chemical fertilizer. It

was found out that vermicompost is an ideal organic manure

for better growth and yield of many plants (Jaswinder,

2014).

According to Atiyeh et al., (2000) vermicomposting is

an economically and technologically feasible organic waste

management approach that yields the value-added production

of vermicompost or worm castings.

According to Girradi (2000), vermicompost could

provide the required nutrients to the plants. It provides

the vital macro elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous,

potassium, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients such as

iron, molybdenum, zinc, copper, etc. He stated that the

analysis of vermicompost contains 0.8 nitrogen, 1.1

phosphorous and 0.5 potassium respectively.

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Arouiee, et al., (2009) stated that application of

vermicompost influenced the seed germination and the growth

of tomato grown in a green house. It was found out that the

highest seed germination rate was obtained by the plants

applied with 25% vermicompost. It was observed that tomato

seedlings growing in 100% vermicompost had the lowest amount

of chlorophyll and obtained the lowest leaf diameter, lowest

dry weight and obtained the shortest seedlings. The

application of vermicompost increased the internode number,

root dry weight and nitrogen content of tomato seedlings and

showed significantly different compared to the controlled

plants. It was also noted that incorporation of 25%

vermicompost increased significantly the shoot dry weight

and leaf area of tomato seedlings.

Leif Marvin R. Gonzales, et al., (2015) stated that

application of 75% pure garden soil:25% pure compost

resulted to best growth and yield performance of pechay in

terms of leaf area and fresh weight on their experiment on

the response of pechay (Brassica napus L.) to different

levels of vermicompost fertilizer. It also showed that

application of organic fertilizers greatly enhanced the

growth and yield performance of pechay.

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On the findings of Jadhav, P.B., et al., (2013) on

the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth

and yield of radish cv using local variety revealed that

application of 1.2 kg. vermicompost plus recommended doses

of fertilizer plus farm yard manure was significantly higher

compared to other treatments with respect to the growth and

yield of radish. It was noted that this treatment obtained

the highest leaf length, leaf weight, total number of leaves

per plant, root length, single root weight, yield per plot,

yield per hectare and marketable yield.

Rakesh Joshi, et al., (2015) conducted a study on the

vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and bio-

control agent which can affect on the growth, yield and

quality of plants. The study revealed that application of

vermicompost is an effective fertilizer and can increase the

seed germination, stem height, number of leaves, leaf area,

leaf dry weight, root length, root number, total yield,

number of fruits per plant and improve the quality of fruits

and seeds.

According to Norman Q. Arancon, et al., (2002) on the

effects of vermicompost on the growth and marketable fruits

of field-grown tomato, pepper and strawberries, the study

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revealed that application of vermicompost on tomatoes were

consistently greater marketable fruits compared to plants

applied with inorganic fertilizer. It was noted that there

was significant increased on shoot weights, leaf areas and

total marketable fruit yields of pepper plants treated with

vermicompost compared to those plants treated with inorganic

fertilizer. It also noted that the application of

vermicompost on strawberries had increased significantly the

number of strawberry suckers, leaf areas, number of flowers

and shoot weight compared to those plants applied with

inorganic fertilizer.

Generally, vermicompost is an effective organic

fertilizer and is essential for healthy valuable plants like

tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, strawberries and radishes.

Radish
Radish scientifically known as (Raphanus sativus L.)

belongs to the family brasicacceae. It is one of the most

popular root crops in the Philippines. It can be cultivated

under cover for early production but large scale production

is common in the field (Kumar, 2014). Radish is grown for

its young tender tuberous root which is consumed either

cooked or raw. It is a good source of Vitamin C and minerals

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like calcium, potassium and phosphorous.

Radish is one of the fastest growing vegetables.

Radish roots can be harvested 40 to 60 days after the seeds

are planted. Growing radish seeds in pots produce quickly

with minimum effort whereas container gardening allows the

farmer to control diseases, pest, moisture and other

conditions compared to ground planting (Grant, 2000).

According to Adams (2008), eating radish is a good

alternative treatment for various health problems like

cough, cancer, gastric discomfort, liver problems,

constipation, dyspepsia, gallbladder problems, arthritis,

gallstones, kidney stones and intestinal parasites.

Rakesh Joshi, et al., (2014) stated that the

application of vermicompost increased seed germination, stem

height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root

length, root number, total yield, number of fruits/plant.

According to Gutierrez-Micelli (2011), on “The

optimization of vermicompost and worm-bed leachate for the

organic cultivation of radish” revealed that the maximum

seed germination, number of leaves, and plant height was

obtained with 10% vermicompost and 10% worm-bed leachate. It

was found out that the maximum shoot, root and dry weight
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was obtained with 10% vermicompost and 15% worm-bed

leachate. It was noted that the application of vermicompost

with worm-bed leachate have a positive effect at higher

concentration on seed germination and plant growth.

Kumar et al.,(2014) stated on their study “The

efficacy of vermicompost on the growth and yield of radish”

the application of 50% vermicompost + 50% poultry manure had

significantly increase the plant height, highest number of

leaves, root length and root diameter. The same treatment

had proven a better influence on fresh and dry weight of

plant. The study suggested that the application of poultry

manure with vermicompost have a beneficial effect and

significantly improve the growth and yield of radish.

Summary

The related literature of this study includes the

advantages and benefits of using vermicompost as organic

fertilizer to crops. It also discusses the nutrient

component of vermicompost based on the result of chemical

analysis. Vermicompost is not only a good source of

nutrients but it also improves the soil physical, chemical

and biological characteristics. The related studies included

in this study have shown the different levels of

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vermicompost which affected the growth and yield performance

of vegetables.

It also includes the production of radish, its uses

and health benefits. Radishes are suggested as an

alternative treatment for various health problems like

cough, cancer, gastric discomfort, liver problems,

constipation, dyspepsia, gallbladder problems, arthritis,

gallstones, kidney stones, and intestinal parasites.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the materials and methods used

in the study.
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Materials

The following were the materials used in the study:

vermicompost, sacks, sprinkler, meter stick, weighing

scale, spade, trowels, ruler, sandy loam soil, bamboo

sticks, card board, black V-net and one hundred sixty (160)

radish seeds.

Methods

This section discusses the experimental design and

treatments, cultural management practices and procedures,

instruments for data collection, methods of data gathering,

statistical tools and analysis.

Experimental Design and Treatments

The experimental area was laid-out in Randomized

Complete Block Design (RCBD) using five (5) treatments

replicated four (4) times as shown in Figure 1, through

random sampling. Five (5) treatments were used: Treatment A-

Unfertilized (control), B- Inorganic Fertilizer, C- 20%

Vermicompost + 80% Sandy Loam Soil, D– 25% Vermicompost +

75% Sandy Loam Soil, E- 30% Vermicompost + 70% Sandy Loam

Soil.

R E P L I C A T I O N
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I II III IV

C D E B

B A D E

D B C A

E C A D

A E B C

Figure 1. Experimental lay-out of the study

Legend:

A-unfertilized (control)
B–Inorganic Fertilizer
C–20% Vermicompost + 80% Sandy Loam Soil
D–25% Vermicompost + 75% Sandy Loam Soil
E-30% Vermicompost + 70% Sandy Loam Soil

Cultural Management Practices and Procedures

The cultural management practices and procedures

include the following: site and location, gathering of sandy

loam soil, preparation of soil media, land preparation and

field lay-outing, application of inorganic fertilizer,

sowing of seeds, water management, weeding, control of pest

and diseases, harvesting and post-harvest operation.

Site and Location. The study was conducted at the

Iloilo State College of Fisheries-San Enrique Campus, San

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Enrique, Iloilo, Crop Science Research Area. The area was

enclosed with a black v-net to avoid the entrance of stray

animals.

Gathering of Sandy Loam Soil. Sandy loam soil was

gathered from the river bank, hauled and brought to the

experimental area. This was done a month before the start of

the study. Soil was placed on the sack.

Preparation of Soil Media. The soil media used in the

study was prepared by mixing the vermicompost with the sandy

loam soil. The amount of vermicompost mixed on the sandy

loam soil was based on the treatments used such as 20%

vermicompost mixed with 80% sandy loam soil, 25%

vermicompost mixed with 75% sandy loam soil and 30%

vermicompost mixed with 70% sandy loam soil. The application

of vermicompost was done two days before sowing of seeds.

Land Preparation and Field Lay-Outing. An

experimental area of 20 square meters was cleaned thoroughly

of weeds with the use of the spade and trowels. This was

enclosed with black V-net to prevent the entrance of stray

animals. After this, experimental sacks representing the

experimental treatment were distributed following the

Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the distance of

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30 cm between treatments and 50 cm between replication.

There were 80 sacks in the experimental area, each treatment

was composed of 4 sacks with a distance of 12 cm between

sacks.

Application of Inorganic Fertilizer. Application of

inorganic fertilizer was done by mixing 14-14-14 fertilizer

to the soil at a rate of about 20 grams (g) base on the

treatments used. This was done two days before sowing of

seeds.

Sowing of Seeds. Seeds of radish were sown directly

on the sacks with two seeds per hill and was thinned out

when the true leaves had developed leaving only one seedling

per hill.

Water Management. Watering was done immediately after

sowing of seeds to provide enough moisture for the uniform

germination of seeds. Watering was done preferably early in

the morning.

Weeding. Weeding was done manually using bare hands

to control and prevent competition of weeds and radish

plants. Extra care was also observed to avoid root damage.

Weeding was done one week after sowing or as needed.

Control of Pest and Diseases. Clean culture was

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practiced to prevent pest, and diseases infestation of the

experimental plant. Regular monitoring for the presence of

pests and diseases was observed. Control was done by hand

picking, and crushing insect pests. Spraying of botanical

pesticides was done two (2) weeks after planting and

synthetic chemicals was also sprayed one week after spraying

of botanical pesticides to control the pests.

Harvesting and Post-Harvest Operation. The radish was

harvested 46 days after sowing. Data on the yield per

treatment was taken from all the plants per treatment per

replication. Harvested plants were bundled, weighed, cleaned

and marketable tubers of radish were brought to the market

and sold.

Instruments for Data Collection

Instruments such as ruler and weighing scale were

used in the study. The ruler was used to measure the height

of the plant and the length of the radish tubers, while

weighing scale was used to measure the amount of

vermicompost and garden soil and the total yield per

treatment.

Methods of Data Gathering

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The data on the growth and yield performance of

container-grown radish using different levels of

vermicompost were determined as follows:

Growth Parameters

Plant Height. The height of the radish plant was

measured from the base of the plant up to the tip of the

highest leaf using a ruler. The average height was

determined by summing up the height of the sample plants

divided by the number of the samples. This was measured 14

days after sowing and this was repeated at 7 days interval

until harvest.

Number of Functional Leaves. The number of functional

leaves was determined by counting all the fully opened

leaves from 14 days after planting and this was repeated

with one week interval until harvest.

Yield Parameters

Length of Harvested Tubers. The length of harvested

tubers was determined by measuring the length of all

harvested radish tubers in cm using a ruler.

Weight of Harvested Tubers. The weight of harvested

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tubers was determined by weighing the entire harvested

tubers in kilograms from each treatment per replication

after harvesting.

Weight of Marketable Tubers. The weight of the

marketable tubers was determined by weighing all the

harvested tubers that are damage free using a 20 kg capacity

weighing scale.

Return of Investment. The return of investment (ROI)

were determined by dividing the net profit from the total

expenses multiplied by 100. The net profit was determined

by subtracting the total expenses incurred during the

conduct of the study from the total sales of harvested

tubers. The expenses were computed based on the prevailing

price of materials used in the study and the facilities

were based on the depreciation cost using straight-line

analysis.

Statistical Tools and Analysis

The data on the growth and yield performance of

container-grown radish using different levels of

vermicompost were analysed statistically using the Analysis

of Variance (ANOVA) for Randomized Complete Block Design

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(RCBD). Data with significant results were subjected to

Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents and discusses the result and

findings of the study on the growth and yield performance of

container-grown radish using different levels of

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vermicompost in terms of plant height, number of functional

leaves, length of harvested tubers, weight of harvested

tubers, weight of marketable tubers, and return of

investment.

Growth Performance

Plant Height. The weekly height of container-grown

radish using different levels of vermicompost is shown in

Table 1. The result revealed that the tallest among plants

applied with vermicompost were those plants applied with 30%

vermicompost from 14 days up to 46 days after sowing with

the mean of 11.88, 13.73, 19.98, 22.20, 23.77 and 25.53 cm,

respectively. Generally, the shortest height was noted from

unfertilized plants with the mean of 8.44, 9.25, 10.52,

12.10, 13.14 and 14.01 cm, respectively.

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly

significant difference on the growth performance of

container-grown radish and Duncans’s Multiple Range Test

(DMRT) result showed that plants treated with 30%

vermicompost were significantly higher from those plants

applied with 25% vermicompost, 20% vermicompost, inorganic

fertilizer, and unfertilized plants. However, after 42 to 46

days, plants applied with 30% vermicompost was comparable

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from those plants applied with 25 % vermicompost. It was

found out that the height of plants applied with

vermicompost of different levels were significantly

different from those plants in the control group. The result

supported the statement of Rakesh Joshi et al., (2015) that

the application of vermicompost is an effective fertilizer

and can increase the seed germination, stem height, number

of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root length, root

number, total yield, number of fruits per plant and improve

the quality of fruits and seeds of plants.

Number of Functional Leaves. The weekly number of

functional leaves of container-grown radish using

vermicompost is shown in Table 1. The result revealed that

the most number of functional leaves among plants applied

with vermicompost was obtained by those treated with 30%

vermicompost from 14 days after planting up to the

termination of the study with a mean of 5.97, 6.93, 11.35,

13.38, 14.28, 15.31 pcs, respectively. Generally, the least

number of functional leaves was noted from unfertilized

plants from the start until the termination of the study.

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly

significant difference on the growth performance of

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container-grown radish in terms of functional leaves of

radish from 14 to 42 days and Duncans’s Multiple Range Test

(DMRT) results showed that plants treated with 30%

vermicompost obtained the most number of functional leaves

which was significantly higher than those treated with 20%

and 25% vermicompost and unfertilized plants. However on 35

days, plants applied with 25% vermicompost was comparable to

those plants applied with 30% vermicompost and during 46

days after transplanting, the effect of vermicompost was

almost the same among treatments since no significant

results was noted. The result conformed to the study of

Jadhav, P.B. et al.,(2013) that the application of

vermicompost plus recommended doses of fertilizer and farm

yard manure obtained the highest leaf length, leaf weight,

total number of leaves per plant and root length.

Table 1. The growth of container-grown radish using

different levels of vermicompost
Level
Radish TREATMENTS CV
of
Production
A B C D E Sig. (%)
A. Height(cm)
Days
14 8.44e 10.43d 10.95c 11.02b 11.88a ** 7.36
21 9.25e 12.57d 12.61c 12.85b 13.73a ** 7.38
28 10.52 e
16.72 d
17.66c
18.66 b
19.98a
** 8.4
35 12.10 e
19.00 d
20.03c
21.02 b
22.20a
** 9.13
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42 13.14d 20.18c 21.84b 23.16a 23.77a ** 7.75

46 14.01 d
21.47c
23.29 b
24.80a
25.53 a
** 7.61

B. No. of functional
Leaves(pcs)
Days
14 3.38d 5.03c 5.57b 5.60b 5.97a ** 8.24
21 4.50 d
5.90c
6.39 b
6.62b
6.93 a
** 7.49
28 6.26 e
8.04d
9.57 c
10.75b
11.35 a
** 9.05
35 7.27 d
10.01c
11.56 b
13.18a
13.38 a
** 9.15
42 8.17d 11.08c 12.67b 13.91b 14.28a ** 8.52
46 9.13 12.53 13.29 14.96 15.31 ns 26.01
ns
not significant; **highly significant at 1% level
abcde
treatments having the same letter superscript are not significantly
different from each other

Legend:
A-unfertilized (control)
B-inorganic fertilizer
C-20%vermicompost
D-25%vermicompost
E-30%vermicompost

Yield Performance
Length of Harvested Tubers. The length of harvested

tubers of container-grown radish applied with different

levels of vermicompost is shown in Table 2. The result

revealed that the longest tubers were obtained by plants

applied with 30% vermicompost after the termination of the

study with the mean of 27 cm, and the shortest were the

unfertilized plants with 10.86 cm.

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly

significant difference on the yield performance of

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container-grown radish in terms of the length of harvested

tubers. The Duncans’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) result

showed that the plants applied with 30% vermicompost

obtained the longest tubers which was significantly

different from those plants in other treatments. The results

conformed to the study of Jadhav, P.B. et al., (2013) that

the application of vermicompost plus recommended doses of

fertilizer and farm yard manure obtained the highest leaf

length, leaf weight, total number of leaves per plant and

root length.

Weight of Harvested Tubers. The weight of harvested

tubers of container-grown radish using different levels of

vermicompost is shown in Table 2. The result revealed that

the heaviest weight of harvested tubers was obtained by

those plants treated with 30% of vermicompost after the

termination of the study with the mean of 1.66 kg, followed

by plants applied with 25% (1.36 kg), 20% (1.04 kg)

vermicompost and the least were the unfertilized plants

(0.06 kg).

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly

significant difference on the yield performance of

container-grown radish in terms of the weight of harvested

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
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tubers. The Duncans’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) result

showed that plants applied with 30% vermicompost obtained

the heaviest tubers which was significantly different from

those plants applied with 25% and 20% vermicompost, and

plants applied with inorganic fertilizer and plants with no

fertilizer application. The result conformed to the study of

Rakesh Joshi, et al., (2014) that the application of

vermicompost increased seed germination, stem height, number

of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root length, root

number and total yield.

Weight of Marketable Tubers. The data on the weight

of marketable tubers of container-grown radish using

different levels of vermicompost is shown in Table 2. The

result revealed that the heaviest weight of marketable

tubers was obtained by those plants applied with 30%

vermicompost after the termination of the study with the

mean of 1.09 kg, followed by plants applied with 25% (0.96

kg), 20% (0.75 kg) vermicompost and the least were the

unfertilized plants (0.00 kg).

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly

significant difference on the yield performance of

container-grown radish in terms of the weight of marketable

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
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tubers. The Duncans’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) result

showed that plants applied with 30% vermicompost obtained

the heaviest tubers which was significantly different from

those plants in other treatments. The result conformed to

the study of Norman Q. Arancon, et al., (2002) that the

application of vermicompost on tomatoes consistently

produced greater marketable fruits compared to plants

applied with inorganic fertilizer.

Table 2. The yield of container-grown radish using different

levels of vermicompost

Level
Radish TREATMENTS CV
of
Production
A B C D E Sig. (%)
A. Length of
harvested 10.86e 19.36d 22.33c 24.74b 27.00a ** 6.05
tubers(cm)
B. Weight of
harvested 0.06e 0.68d 1.04c 1.36b 1.66a ** 15.34
tubers(kg)
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C. Weight of
marketable 0.00e 0.43d 0.75c 0.96b 1.09a ** 16.79
tubers(kg)
ns
not significant; **highly significant at 1% level
treatments having same letters superscript are not significantly
abcde

different from each other

Legend:
A-unfertilized (control)
B-inorganic fertilizer
C-20%vermicompost
D-25%vermicompost
E-30%vermicompost

Return of Investment. The return of investment (ROI)

of container-grown radish applied with different levels of

vermicompost is shown in Table 3. The result revealed that

among the plants applied with vermicompost, plants applied

with 25% of vermicompost obtained the highest return of

investment (ROI) (172.60%) followed by plants applied with

30%(169.80%), 20%(147.46%), and unfertilized plants obtained

the lowest (%) return of investment. However, the (ROI) of

plants applied with vermicompost was lower from those plants

applied with inorganic fertilizer due to high cost of

vermicompost used in the study.

Table 3. The return of investment (ROI) of container-grown

radish using different levels of vermicompost
Treatments
ITEMS
A B C D E
A. Income
Weight of Radish(kg)1 0.00 1.70 3.00 3.85 4.35
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Sales of Radish(Php)2 0.00 102.00 180.00 231.00 261.00

B. Expenses:
Seeds3 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
Inorganic Fertilizer 4
0.00 7.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
Organic Fertilizer5 0.00 0.00 48.00 60.00 72.00
Sack6 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60
Sprayer7 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Springkler8 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Digital Weighing
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Scale9
Labor10
Hauling and Soil
14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
media preparation
App. of Pesticide 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Watering 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
Harvesting 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12
Total Expenses 24.74 32.24 72.74 84.74 96.74

C. Net Income -24.74 69.76 107.26 146.26 164.26

D. ROI (%) -100.00 216.38 147.46 172.60 169.80
1
weight of radish tubers (kg); sales of radish @ Php 60.00/kg; cost of
2 3

seeds @ Php 45.00/pck (1000 seeds); 4cost of inorganic fertilizer @ Php

20.00/kg; 5cost of vermicompost @ Php 2.00/kg; 6empty sacks @ Php
2.00/pc w/ 5 months life span; 7cost of handy sprayer with 2 yrs. life
span; 8cost of sprinkler w/ 2 yrs. life span; cost of digital weighing
scale w/ 5 yrs. life span; 10labor cost @ 280/ man-day.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study on the growth and yield performance of

container-grown radish using different vermicompost was

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

conducted at the research area of the Iloilo State College

of Fisheries–San Enrique Campus, San Enrique, Iloilo from

June 14 to July 30, 2016. It aimed to determine the growth

and yield performance of radish using different levels of

vermicompost.

The research design employed was Randomized Complete

Block Design using five treatments replicated four times.

Treatments used were: A-control, B-inorganic fertilizer, C-

80% sandy loam soil+20% of vermicompost, D-75% sandy loam

soil+25% of vermicompost, E-75% sandy loam soil+30% of

vermicompost. Data gathered were: plant height, number of

functional leaves, length of harvested tubers, weight of

harvested tubers, weight of marketable tubers and return of

investment.

Data were analysed using the Analysis of Variance for

the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and data with

significant results were further subjected to Duncan’s

Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of the study revealed

that plants applied with 30% of vermicompost were

significantly higher than plants in control group both with

no application and with inorganic fertilizer. It was

observed that the height of plants in this treatment was

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also highly significant from 14 days up to 46 days after

sowing but it was comparable to those plants applied with

25% of vermicompost at 42 days and 46 days. In terms of

number of functional leaves, plants applied with 30%

vermicompost was highly significant from 14 days up to 42

days after sowing. However at 35 days plants applied with

25% vermicompost was comparable to plants applied with 30%

vermicompost. At 46 days, the effect of vermicompost was

almost the same in all treatments since no significant

result was noted among functional leaves. In terms of yield,

plants applied with 30% vermicompost obtained the longest

length of tubers (27.00 cm), heaviest weight of harvested

tubers (1.66 kg) and marketable tubers (1.09 kg). A highly

significant result was observed during the termination of

the study in which plants applied with 30% vermicompost was

significantly different from all other treatments. For the

return of investment (ROI), the highest ROI was obtained by

plants applied with 25% vermicompost, however it was lower

than those plants applied with inorganic fertilizer.

Conclusions

Based on the result and findings of the study, the

researchers concluded that vermicompost when used as

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fertilizer can enhance the growth and yield of radish and

can be used as alternative to commercial fertilizer.

Recommendations

Based on the results, findings and conclusion of the

study, the following recommendations are forwarded:

1. Use 30% of vermicompost in the production of

container-grown radish.

2. Conduct similar studies on the different levels of

vermicompost in growing container-grown radish to validate

the result.

3. Conduct similar studies on the growth and yield of

container-grown radish using different levels of

vermicompost in different locations and varieties of radish.

4. Use vermicompost as substitute to inorganic

fertilizer because of its healthful benefits to humans and

to the environment.
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
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References

Adams, M. N.D. 2008. Radish. Healing Food Reference.

Retrieved on July 21, 2008.from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Radish
Alon et al., 2004. “Vermicompost as liquid fertilizer in
pechay” Unpublished Thesis Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture (Crop Science Major) Iloilo State College
of Fisheries-San Enrique Campus, San Enrique, Iloilo.

Arancon, Norman Q. and Edwards, Clive A. 2002. “ Effects of

vermicomposts on growth and marketable fruits of
field-grown tomatoes, peppers and strawberries”.
Retrieved on January, 2002 from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
article/pii/S0031405604702607
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Arouiee, H., et al., 2009. “Influence of vermicompost on

the growth of tomato transplants”. Retrieved on March
2, 2017 from http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?

Atiyeh, et al., 2000. “Replacing Conventional Nursery Crop

Nutrient Inputs with Vermicompost for Container
Production of Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Luna Blush’.
Retrieved on March 2, 2017 from http://hortsci.
ashspublications.org/content/44/6/1698.full

Cornell University. 2006. Growing guide: Radishes.

Cornell University. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
from http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/
homegardening/scene341b.html

Giraddi, R. S., 2000. Influence of vermicomposting methods

and season on the biodegradation of organic waters.
Indian J. Agric. Sci., Retrieved on September, 2014
from http://14.139.155.167/test5/index.php/kjas/
article/view/7258/7484

Gonzales, Leif Marvin R., et al., 2015. “Response of Pechay

(Brassica napus L.) to Different Levels of Compost
Fertilizer”. Retrieved on Febuary, 2015 from
http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper0215/ijsrpp3818.pdf

Gutiérrez-Miceli , Federico et al., 2011. “Optimization of

vermicompost and worm-bed leachate for the organic
cultivation of radish”. Retrieved on March 13, 2017
from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi
/abs/10.1080/01904167.2011.592561

Herbst, S. T. 2001. The New Food Lover's Companion:

Comprehensive Definitions of Nearly 6,000 Food,
Drink, and Culinary Terms. Barron's Cooking Guide.
Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. ISBN
0764112589. Retrieved on March 2, 2017 from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Radish

Jadhav, P. B. Patel, D. J., Kireeti, A., Patil, N. B.,

Dekhane, S. S., Harad, N. B. and Jadhav, K. P. 2013.
“Effect of different levels of vermicompost on growth
and yield of radish cv. local variety”. Retrieved on
March 2, 2017 from http://www.ijirr.com/sites/
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

default/files/issues-files/0042.pdf

Joshi, Rakesh Singh and Adarsh Pal. 2010. “Effect of

Vermicompost on Growth, Yield and Quality of
Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L)”
African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 2 (3
4): 117-123, 2010. Retrieved on March 2, 2017 from
https://www.idosi.org/ajbas/ajbas2(3-4)10/10.pdf

Joshi, Rakesh Singh, Jaswinder Vig, Adarsh Pal. 2015.

“Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer
and biocontrol agent: effect on growth, yield and
quality of plants”. Retrieved on January 16, 2017
from http://agris.fao.org/agrissearch/
search.do?recordID=US201600077004

Kumar, Sandeep, Maji, Sutanu, Kumar, Sanjay and Singh,

Harsh Deep. 2014. “Efficacy of organic manures on
growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv.
JAPANESE WHITE” Retrieved on March 13, 2017 from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/
download?doi=10.1.1.941.9303&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Radish-production. Retrieved on March 2, 2017 from

http://pinoynegosyo.blogspot.com/2006/12/radish-
production.html

Radish. Retrieved on March 02, 2017 from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radish

https://www.organicfacts.net/healthbenefits/vegetable/
health-benefits-of-radish.html).

http://www.ijern.com/journal/May-2014/17.pdf. Retrieved on
March,2008

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Radish. Retrieved
on March,2008

www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/radish/radish-
container-care.htm.Retrieved on March 7, 2017
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

www.wormwigwam.com/. Retrieved on March 2, 2017

A P P E N D I C E S
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

APPENDIX A

Appendix Tables

Appendix Table 1. The plant height (cm) of radish 2 weeks after

planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 7.50 7.88 9.93 8.44 33.75 8.44e
B 10.89 10.96 10.50 9.38 41.73 10.43d
C 9.88 11.63 11.68 10.60 43.79 10.95c
D 10.50 12.50 10.28 10.80 44.08 11.02b
E 10.96 12.38 12.18 12.00 47.52 11.88a
Rep Total 49.73 55.35 54.57 51.22
Grand Total 210.87
Grand Mean 10.54

Appendix Table 1a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 2 weeks

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
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after planting
Sources of df SS MS Cal. F Tabulated F
Variation 5% 1%
Treatment 4 26.4962 6.6241 11.00** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 4.3059 1.4353
Error 12 7.2315 0.6026
Total 19 38.0337
cv=7.36%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 2. The plant height (cm) of radish 3 weeks after

planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 8.50 8.63 10.29 9.56 36.98 9.25e
B 12.37 13.50 14.29 10.10 50.26 12.57d
C 11.31 13.38 13.61 12.13 50.43 12.61c
D 12.00 14.00 12.76 12.64 51.40 12.85b
E 12.62 14.13 14.16 14.00 54.91 13.73a
Rep Total 56.80 63.64 65.11 58.43
Grand Total 243.98
Grand Mean 12.20

Appendix Table 2a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 3 weeks

after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 47.1482 11.7871 14.54** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 9.6213 3.2071
Error 12 9.7276 0.8106
Total 19 66.4972
cv=7.38%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 3. The plant height (cm) of radish 4 weeks after

planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 9.68 9.88 11.25 11.25 42.06 10.52e
B 16.23 17.85 18.30 14.50 66.88 16.72d
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C 16.50 18.63 18.25 17.25 70.63 17.66c

D 18.88 21.63 16.25 17.88 74.64 18.66b
E 19.13 19.78 21.00 20.00 79.91 19.98a
Rep Total 80.42 87.77 85.05 80.88
Grand Total 334.12
Grand Mean 16.71

Appendix Table 3a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 4 weeks

after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 215.0194 53.7549 27.31** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 7.3965 2.4655
Error 12 23.6179 1.9682
Total 19 246.0339
cv=8.40%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 4. The plant height (cm) of radish 5 weeks

after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 11.12 11.25 13.67 12.34 48.38 12.10e
B 18.45 20.12 20.45 16.98 76.00 19.00d
C 19.34 20.45 20.98 19.34 80.11 20.03c
D 22.44 23.40 18.12 20.12 84.08 21.02b
E 23.88 20.15 23.68 21.10 88.81 22.20a
Rep Total 95.23 95.37 96.90 89.88
Grand Total 377.38
Grand Mean 18.87

Appendix Table 4a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 5 weeks

after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 251.9415 62.9854 21.21** 3.26 5.41
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
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Replication 3 5.6596 1.8865

Error 12 35.6426 2.9702
Total 19 293.2438
cv=9.13%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 5. The plant height (cm) of radish 6 weeks

after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 12.18 12.78 13.89 13.70 52.55 13.14d
B 19.70 21.45 21.76 17.80 80.71 20.18c
C 20.25 22.38 23.64 21.09 87.36 21.84b
D 24.50 25.00 21.00 22.12 92.62 23.16a
E 25.25 22.12 24.98 22.73 95.08 23.77a
Rep Total 101.88 103.73 105.27 97.44
Grand Total 408.32
Grand Mean 20.42

Appendix Table 5a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 6 weeks

after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%

Treatment 4 295.2506 73.8127 29.48**

Replication 3 6.8936 2.2979 3.26 5.41

Error 12 30.0468 2.5039

Total 19 332.1911
cv=7.75%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 6. The plant height (cm) of radish 7 weeks

after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 13.12 13.27 14.67 14.98 56.04 14.01d
B 21.20 22.00 23.63 19.06 85.89 21.47c
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C 22.60 23.50 24.56 22.50 93.16 23.29b

D 25.69 26.50 22.24 24.75 99.18 24.80a
E 28.12 24.31 25.68 24.00 102.11 25.53a
Rep Total 110.73 109.58 110.78 105.29
Grand Total 436.38
Grand Mean 21.82

Appendix Table 6a. ANOVA on the plant height of radish 7 weeks

after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 343.4957 85.8739 31.18** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 4.0451 1.3484
Error 12 33.0537 2.7545
Total 19 380.5946
cv=7.61%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 7. The number of functional leaves (pc) of

the radish 2 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 3.25 3.75 3.25 3.25 13.50 3.38d
B 4.50 4.75 5.13 5.75 20.13 5.03c
C 5.63 5.13 5.88 5.63 22.27 5.57b
D 5.63 6.13 5.38 5.25 22.39 5.60b
E 6.00 6.50 5.75 5.63 23.88 5.97a
Rep Total 25.01 26.26 25.39 25.51
Grand Total 102.17
Grand Mean 5.11

Appendix Table7a. ANOVA on the number of functional leaves of

the radish 2 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 16.8111 4.2028 23.95** 3.26 5.41
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Replication 3 0.1645 0.0548

Error 12 2.1060 0.1755
Total 19 19.0817
cv=8.24%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 8. The number of functional leaves (pc) of the

radish 3 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 4.00 4.63 4.63 4.75 18.01 4.50d
B 5.00 6.12 6.23 6.23 23.58 5.90c
C 6.63 6.13 6.56 6.23 25.55 6.39b
D 6.63 7.13 6.45 6.25 26.46 6.62b
E 6.50 7.88 6.34 7.00 27.72 6.93a
Rep Total 28.76 31.89 30.21 30.46
Grand Total 121.32
Grand Mean 6.07

Appendix Table 8a. ANOVA on the number of functional leaves of

the radish 3 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 14.5001 3.6250 17.52** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 0.9860 0.3287
Error 12 2.4824 0.2069
Total 19 17.9685
cv=7.49%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 9.The number of functional leaves (pc) of the

radish 4 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 5.88 6.38 6.38 6.38 25.02 6.26e
B 7.38 9.25 8.13 7.38 32.14 8.04d
C 8.75 8.88 11.50 9.13 38.26 9.57c
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D 11.13 10.50 10.00 11.38 43.01 10.75b

E 11.38 11.38 11.00 11.63 45.39 11.35a
Rep Total 44.52 46.39 47.01 45.90
Grand Total 183.82
Grand Mean 9.19

Appendix Table 9a. ANOVA on the number of functional leaves of

the radish 4 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 68.7403 17.1851 24.87** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 0.6729 0.2243
Error 12 8.2937 0.6911
Total 19 77.7070
cv=9.05%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 10. The number of functional leaves (pc) of the

radish 5 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 7.31 7.00 7.25 7.50 29.06 7.27d
B 9.13 10.13 10.88 9.88 40.02 10.01c
C 10.00 10.75 14.00 11.50 46.25 11.56b
D 13.88 13.75 13.00 12.10 52.73 13.18a
E 13.38 14.13 12.50 13.50 53.51 13.38a
Rep Total 53.70 55.76 57.63 54.48
Grand Total 221.57
Grand Mean 11.08

Appendix Table 10a. ANOVA on the number of functional leaves of

the radish 5 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 102.5666 25.6417 24.95** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 1.7677 0.5892
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Error 12 12.3343 1.0279

Total 19 116.6687
cv=9.15%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 11. The number of functional leaves (pc) of

the radish 6 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 7.90 7.89 8.63 8.25 32.67 8.17d
B 10.21 12.45 10.67 11.00 44.33 11.08c
C 11.89 12.00 14.88 11.89 50.66 12.67b
D 14.13 14.50 14.00 13.00 55.63 13.91b
E 15.12 13.12 13.88 15.00 57.12 14.28a
Rep Total 59.25 59.96 62.06 59.14
Grand Total 240.41
Grand Mean 12.02

Appendix Table 11a. ANOVA on the number of functional

leaves of radish 6 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 99.2278 24.8069 23.65** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 1.1011 0.3670
Error 12 12.5885 1.0490
Total 19 112.913
cv=8.52%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 12. The number of functional leaves (pc) of

the radish 7 weeks after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 36.50 9.13
B 12.00 13.00 12.63 12.50 50.13 12.53
C 12.88 12.89 15.12 12.25 53.14 13.29
D 14.88 15.50 14.50 16 .63 44.88 14.96
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E 16.00 15.12 14.88 15.23 61.23 15.31

Rep Total 64.51 65.51 66.38 49.48
Grand Total 245.88
Grand Mean 12.94

Appendix Table 12a. ANOVA on the number of functional leaves

of radish 7 weeks after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 85.2647 21.3162 1.88ns 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 38.6863 12.8954
Error 12 135.9617 11.3301
Total 19 259.9127
cv=26.01%
ns
significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 13. The length of harvested tubers (cm) 46 days

after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean
A 10.94 10.94 10.94 10.63 43.45 10.86e
B 20.45 21.56 15.38 20.06 77.45 19.36d
C 22.35 22.25 22.21 22.50 89.31 22.33c
D 25.88 25.25 22.81 25.00 98.94 24.74b
E 26.88 29.19 24.31 27.63 108.01 27.00a
Rep Total 106.50 109.19 95.65 105.82
Grand Total 417.16
Grand Mean 20.86

Appendix Table 13a. ANOVA on the length of harvested tubers

(cm)46 days after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%
Treatment 4 628.3562 157.0890 98.77** 3.26 5.41
Replication 3 21.1907 7.0636
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Error 12 19.0864 1.5905

Total 19 668.6333
cv=6.05%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 14. The weight of harvested tubers (kg) 46

days after planting
Treatments Replication Treatment
I II III IV Total Mean

A 0.05 0.05 0.13 0.01 0.24 0.06e

B 0.90 0.80 0.50 0.50 2.70 0.68d

C 0.95 1.15 0.90 1.15 4.15 1.04c

D 1.40 1.70 1.20 1.15 5.45 1.36b

E 1.50 1.90 1.55 1.70 6.65 1.66a

Rep Total 4.80 5.60 4.28 4.51

Grand Total 19.19

Grand Mean 0.96

Appendix Table 14a. ANOVA on the weight of harvested tubers

(kg) 46 days after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%

Treatment 4 6.2074 1.5518 68.69**

Replication 3 0.1992 0.0664 3.26 5.41

Error 12 0.2711 0.0226

Total 19 6.6777
cv=15.34%
**significant at 1% level

Appendix Table 15. The weight of marketable tubers (kg) 46 days

after planting
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Treatments Replication Treatment

I II III IV Total Mean

A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00e

B 0.65 0.50 0.25 0.30 1.70 0.43d

C 0.70 0.90 0.60 0.80 3.00 0.75c

D 1.00 1.15 0.80 0.90 3.85 0.96b

E 1.00 1.25 0.90 1.20 4.35 1.09a

Rep Total 3.35 3.80 2.55 3.20

Grand Total 12.90

Grand Mean 0.65

Appendix Table 15a. ANOVA on the weight of marketable tubers

46 days after planting
Sources of Tabulated F
Variation df SS MS Cal. F 5% 1%

Treatment 4 3.0883 0.7721 65.82**

Replication 3 0.1605 0.0535 3.26 5.41

Error 12 0.1408 0.0117

Total 19 3.3895
cv=16.79%
**significant at 1% level

APPENDIX B

Documentations
ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Title of the study

Experimental area
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Land preparation Gathering of soil media

Preparation of soil media Bagging of soil media

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Enclosing the area Arranging of experimental

with net sack

Thinning

Labelling Sowing
ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Weeding Spraying of botanical

pesticide

Watering Gathering of Data

 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Ready to harvest tubers Harvesting

Cleaning of tubers Weighing of harvested

tubers
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

APPENDIX C
Personal Data

Name : Rodin B. Baculina

Home Address : Cadilang, Passi City, Iloilo

Date of birth : March 16, 1997

Civil Status : Single

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents

Father : Rodrigo Baculina

Mother : Helen Baculina

Educational Background

Elementary : Man-it Elementary School

Man-it, Passi City
2003-2009

Secondary : Passi National High School

Passi City, Iloilo
2009-2013

Tertiary : ISCOF-San Enrique Campus

San Enrique, Iloilo
2013-2017

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Crop Science
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Personal Data

Name : Rea C. Daborbor

Home Address : Dumiles, San Enrique, Iloilo

Date of birth : April 2, 1996

Civil Status : Single

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents

Father : Emmanuel Daborbor

Mother : Regina Daborbor

Educational Background

Elementary : Abaca Elementary School

Abaca, San Enrique, Iloilo
2003-2009

Secondary : Vicente Aguilar National High School

Abaca, San Enrique, Iloilo
2009-2013

Tertiary : ISCOF-San Enrique Campus

San Enrique, Iloilo
2013-2017

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Crop Science
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Personal Data

Name : Nikki Charm A. Deronio

Home Address : Villalobos St., San Enrique, Iloilo

Date of Birth : August 11, 1996

Civil Status : Single

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents

Father : Teodolfo Deronio

Mother : Heide Deronio

Educational Background

Elementary : San Enrique Central School

San Enrique, Iloilo
2003-2009

Secondary : San Enrique National Comprehensive

High School
San Enrique, Iloilo
2009-2013

Tertiary : ISCOF-San Enrique Campus

San Enrique, Iloilo
2013-2017

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Crop Science
 ILOILO STATE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES-SAN ENRIQUE CAMPUS
School of Agriculture and Industrial Technology

Personal Data

Name : Jo-ann D. Ladera

Home Address : Imbesad-an, San Enrique, Iloilo

Date of Birth : January 22, 1996

Civil Status : Single

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents

Father : Eduardo Ladera

Mother : Delilah Ladera

Educational Background

Elementary : Cubay Elementary School

Cubay, San Enrique, Iloilo
2002-2008

Secondary : San Enrique National Comprehensive

High School
San Enrique, Iloilo
2008-2012

Tertiary : ISCOF-San Enrique Campus

San Enrique, Iloilo
2013-2017

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Crop Science