9/20/23, 5:40 PM MATLAB - Strings
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Creating a character string is quite simple in MATLAB. In fact, we have used it
many Databases
times. For example, you type the following in the command prompt −
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my_string = 'Tutorials Point' Live Demo
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MATLAB Tutorials
will execute the above statement and return the following result −
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my_string = Tutorials Point
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MATLAB considers all variables as arrays, and strings are considered as
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character ExamsLet us use the whos command to check the variable created
arrays.
above −
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whosMachine Learning
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MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −
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Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
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my_string 1x16Tutorials 32 char
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Interestingly, you can use numeric conversion functions like uint8 or uint16 to
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convert thetutorials
characters in the string to their numeric codes. The char function
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9/20/23, 5:40 PM MATLAB - Strings
converts the integer vector back to characters −
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Example
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CreatePython Technologies
a script file and type the following code into it −
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my_string = 'Tutorial''s Point'; Live Demo
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str_ascii = uint8(my_string) % 8-bit ascii values
str_back_to_char= char(str_ascii)
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str_16bit = uint16(my_string) % 16-bit ascii values
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str_back_to_char = char(str_16bit)
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When you run the file, it displays the following result −
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str_ascii =
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84 117 116 111 114 105 97 108 39 115 32 80 111 105 110 116
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str_back_to_char = Tutorial's Point
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str_16bit =
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84 117 116 111 114 105 97 108 39 115 32 80 111 105 110 116
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str_back_to_char = Tutorial's Point
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Rectangular Character Array
The strings we have discussed so far are one-dimensional character arrays;
however, we need to store more than that. We need to store more dimensional
textual data in our program. This is achieved by creating rectangular character
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arrays.
Simplest way of creating a rectangular character array is by concatenating two
or more one-dimensional character arrays, either vertically or horizontally as
required.
You can combine strings vertically in either of the following ways −
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9/20/23, 5:40 PM MATLAB - Strings
Using the MATLAB concatenation operator [] and separating each row
with a semicolon (;). Please note that in this method each row must
contain the same number of characters. For strings with different
lengths, you should pad with space characters as needed.
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Using the char function. If the strings are of different lengths, char pads
the shorter strings with trailing blanks so that each row has the same
number of characters.
Example
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Create a script file and type the following code into it −
doc_profile = ['Zara Ali '; ... Live Demo
'Sr. Surgeon '; ...
'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center']
doc_profile = char('Zara Ali', 'Sr. Surgeon', ...
'RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center')
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
doc_profile =
Zara Ali
Sr. Surgeon
R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
doc_profile =
Zara Ali
Sr. Surgeon
RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center
You can combine strings horizontally in either of the following ways −
Using the MATLAB concatenation operator, [] and separating the input
strings with a comma or a space. This method preserves any trailing
spaces in the input arrays.
Using the string concatenation function, strcat. This method removes
trailing spaces in the inputs.
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9/20/23, 5:40 PM MATLAB - Strings
Example
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
name = 'Zara Ali '; Live Demo
position = 'Sr. Surgeon ';
worksAt = 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center';
profile = [name ', ' position ', ' worksAt]
profile = strcat(name, ', ', position, ', ', worksAt)
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
profile = Zara Ali , Sr. Surgeon , R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
profile = Zara Ali,Sr. Surgeon,R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
Combining Strings into a Cell Array
From our previous discussion, it is clear that combining strings with different
lengths could be a pain as all strings in the array has to be of the same length.
We have used blank spaces at the end of strings to equalize their length.
However, a more efficient way to combine the strings is to convert the resulting
array into a cell array.
MATLAB cell array can hold different sizes and types of data in an array. Cell
arrays provide a more flexible way to store strings of varying length.
The cellstr function converts a character array into a cell array of strings.
Example
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
name = 'Zara Ali '; Live Demo
position = 'Sr. Surgeon ';
worksAt = 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center';
profile = char(name, position, worksAt);
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profile = cellstr(profile);
disp(profile)
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
{
[1,1] = Zara Ali
[2,1] = Sr. Surgeon
[3,1] = R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
}
String Functions in MATLAB
MATLAB provides numerous string functions creating, combining, parsing,
comparing and manipulating strings.
Following table provides brief description of the string functions in MATLAB −
Function Purpose
Functions for storing text in character arrays, combine character
arrays, etc.
blanks Create string of blank characters
cellstr Create cell array of strings from character array
char Convert to character array (string)
iscellstr Determine whether input is cell array of strings
ischar Determine whether item is character array
sprintf Format data into string
strcat Concatenate strings horizontally
strjoin Join strings in cell array into single string
Functions for identifying parts of strings, find and replace substrings
ischar Determine whether item is character array
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isletter Array elements that are alphabetic letters
isspace Array elements that are space characters
isstrprop Determine whether string is of specified category
sscanf Read formatted data from string
strfind Find one string within another
strrep Find and replace substring
strsplit Split string at specified delimiter
strtok Selected parts of string
validatestring Check validity of text string
symvar Determine symbolic variables in expression
regexp Match regular expression (case sensitive)
regexpi Match regular expression (case insensitive)
regexprep Replace string using regular expression
regexptranslate Translate string into regular expression
Functions for string comparison
strcmp Compare strings (case sensitive)
strcmpi Compare strings (case insensitive)
strncmp Compare first n characters of strings (case sensitive)
strncmpi Compare first n characters of strings (case insensitive)
Functions for changing string to upper- or lowercase, creating or
removing white space
deblank Strip trailing blanks from end of string
strtrim Remove leading and trailing white space from string
lower Convert string to lowercase
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upper Convert string to uppercase
strjust Justify character array
Examples
The following examples illustrate some of the above-mentioned string functions
−
Formatting Strings
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
A = pi*1000*ones(1,5); Live Demo
sprintf(' %f \n %.2f \n %+.2f \n %12.2f \n %012.2f \n', A)
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
ans = 3141.592654
3141.59
+3141.59
3141.59
000003141.59
Joining Strings
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
%cell array of strings Live Demo
str_array = {'red','blue','green', 'yellow', 'orange'};
% Join strings in cell array into single string
str1 = strjoin(str_array, "-")
str2 = strjoin(str_array, ",")
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
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str1 = red-blue-green-yellow-orange
str2 = red,blue,green,yellow,orange
Finding and Replacing Strings
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
students = {'Zara Ali', 'Neha Bhatnagar', ... Live Demo
'Monica Malik', 'Madhu Gautam', ...
'Madhu Sharma', 'Bhawna Sharma',...
'Nuha Ali', 'Reva Dutta', ...
'Sunaina Ali', 'Sofia Kabir'};
% The strrep function searches and replaces sub-string.
new_student = strrep(students(8), 'Reva', 'Poulomi')
% Display first names
first_names = strtok(students)
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
new_student =
{
[1,1] = Poulomi Dutta
}
first_names =
{
[1,1] = Zara
[1,2] = Neha
[1,3] = Monica
[1,4] = Madhu
[1,5] = Madhu
[1,6] = Bhawna
[1,7] = Nuha
[1,8] = Reva
[1,9] = Sunaina
[1,10] = Sofia
}
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Comparing Strings
Create a script file and type the following code into it −
str1 = 'This is test' Live Demo
str2 = 'This is text'
if (strcmp(str1, str2))
sprintf('%s and %s are equal', str1, str2)
else
sprintf('%s and %s are not equal', str1, str2)
end
When you run the file, it displays the following result −
str1 = This is test
str2 = This is text
ans = This is test and This is text are not equal
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