Unit 3.
Rings
1. Suppose R is a ring without non-zero zero divisors and R contains a
non-zero element b such that b2 = b then show that b is the multiplica-
tive identity of R.
2. Show that, finite integral domain is a field.
3. define characteristic of a ring. Show that characteristic of an integral
domain is either 0 or prime.
4. Show that S = {a/b ∈ Q : ainZ is an odd integer} is a subring of Q
but not an ideal.
5. Show that, the only ideals of field R are (0) and itself and converse is
true in case R is a commutative ring with unity.
6. Find all the ideals of Z36 .
√
7. Show
√ that Z[ 2] has infinitely many units while the only units of
Z[ −2] are 1 and -1.
a b
8. Let R = M2 (Z) and consider it’s ideal I = { / a, b, c, d ∈ 2Z},
c d
then list the elements of R/I.
9. Define prime ideal of a commutative ring. Show that , an ideal P of a
commutative ring R with unity is a prime ideal if and only if R/P is
an integral domain.
10. Define maximal ideal of a commutative ring. Show that , an ideal M
of a commutative ring R with unity is a maximal ideal if and only if
R/M is a field.
11. Prove or disprove : Every prime ideal is maximal.
12. Prove or disprove : Every maximal ideal is prime.
13. Prove or disprove : Every prime ideal of a finite commutative ring with
unity is maximal.
14. Let R be a commutative ring with unity such that a2 = a for all a ∈ R.
Let I be a prime ideal of R, then show that |R/I| = 2.
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15. R be a commutative ring with unity and let I be a proper ideal with
the property that every element of R that is not in I is an unit in R.
Prove that I is the unique maximal ideal of R.
16. Let D be an integral domain. Show that every proper ideal of D is
contained in a maximal ideal.
17. State and prove the fundamental theorem of ring homomorphism.
18. Show that any ring with unity contains a subring isomorphic to Z or
Zn for some natural number n.
19. Show that any field has a subfield isomorphic to Z or Zp .
20. Show that every integral domain is embedded in a field, the field of
quotients.
21. Find the field of quotients of Z[i].
22. Show that the field of quotients of an integral domain is the smallest
field containing that integral domain.
23. Suppose Φ : Zm → Zn is a ring homomorphism. Prove that, if Φ(1) = a
then a2 = a. Give example to show that the converse is not true.
24. Show that, I = {f ∈ F [R, R] / f (π) = 0} is a maximal ideal of the
ring of real valued functions over R.
25. Let Φ : R → S be an onto ring homomorphism and J be an ideal of
ring S.
Prove or disprove : If J is a prime ideal then Φ−1 (J) is a prime ideal
of R.
Prove or disprove : If J is a maximal ideal then Φ−1 (J) is a maximal
ideal of R.
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