HISTORY and FACILITIES and EQUIPMENT of the VOLLEYBALL

VOLLEYBALL
-was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, a physical director of Young Men Christian
Association in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
-oldest name of volleyball is “Mintonette” until a professor (Alfred Halsted) from
Springfield College proposed the name “volleyball “.
2 KINDS OF VOLLEYBALL
FAR EASTERN INTERNATIONAL
VOLLEYBALL VOLLEYBALL
(Old Rule) (New Rule)
1. No. of players in the
court
9 6
2. No. of touches
4 3
3. Manner of serving No Service There is Service
the ball Rotation
Rotation
4. Size of playing are
9 by 18 meters
The Parts Of The Court are:
1. CENTER LINE
- the center line divides the court into two equal halves.
2. ATTACK LINE
- the attack line is projected 3 meters from the center line.
3. BASE LINE
- located on the ends of the court.
4. SIDE LINES
- sides of the court.
There are Three Zones:
1. FRONT ZONE- projected three meters from the center line.
2. BACK ZONE- projected six meters from the attack line.
3. SERVICE AREA- the space or area beyond the base line.
EQUIPMENT IN VOLLEYBALL

1. BALL
– the standard ball is made of leather or synthetic leather, weighs between 9 to 10
ounces and has a circumference of 25.6 to 26.4 diameter

2. POST AND CABLES

– the net structure is held together with metal cables and post. Post are placed 0.5
to 1.0 meters outside the side lines.

3. NET
– the net is one by ten meters long. The height of the net for men is 2.43 meters
while for women is 2.24 meters.

4. ANTENNAE AND SIDE BANDS

– antennae is a flexible rod 1.8 meters long made of fiber glass, fastened at the
outer edge of each side bands.
RULES OF THE GAME IN THE VOLLEYBALL
OBJECT OF PLAYING THE GAME
- to let the ball cross over the net and ground it on the opponents’ court.

 A volleyball team is composed of 12 players.

 At the start of the game only 6 players enter the court to start the set, the other 6
players are called substitute.
 The positions of the 6 players inside the court are :
1. Setter
2. Outside Hitter
3. Left Side Hitter
4. Middle Hitter
5. Opposite Hitter/ Right Side Hitter
6. Libero

 A volleyball match is started by a toss coin

• the winner of the toss has the option either to serve or receive and the side of
the court, the remaining option is left to the loser of the toss.

 A game is started by a serve beyond the baseline by the serving team.

 Serving is the act of putting the ball into play.

There are 5 TYPES OF SERVICE

1. UNDERHAND SERVE – player strikes the ball below the waist instead of tossing it up.

2. TOPSPIN – overhand serve where player tosses the ball high and hit it with a wrist snap
giving it topspin.

3. FLOAT – an overhand serve where the ball is hit with no spin so that its path its path is
unpredictable.

4. JUMP SERVE – an overhand serve where the ball is first tossed high up in the air, then
the player makes a time approach and jumps hitting it with much topspin.

5. JUMP FLOAT – overhand serve, ball tossed high enough that the player may jump before
hitting.
There are two system of scoring
1. SIDE-OUT SCORING
- the only team that can earn point is the serving side while in rally point
system
2. RALLY
- there is point given either to the server of receiver.

 A match in volleyball is the best of 3 or 5 set match.To win a set, the team who first
scores 25 points with a margin of 2 points wins the set, but if the score is tied at 24 ,
advantage of two points shall be applied.

Faults committed by players, while playing the game.

A. Faults during delivery of service.

1. Stepping on the line during service

2. Not releasing the ball during service
3. Delay of service

B. Faults after delivery of service.

1. Ball lands outside the playing area

2. Served ball touches the antennae
3. Served ball caught by the net
4. Served ball passed below the net

C. Faults in playing the ball.

1. Consecutive hits
2. Four hits
3. Palming/holding/ catching the ball
4. Assisted hit

D. Faults in playing the ball near the net.

1. Touch the net

2. Reaching over the net
3. Penetration under the net
5. Front row player spikes the ball after passing the vertical plane of the net

A. Other faults.

1. Backline player blocks or spike the ball in the front row

2. Libero serves the ball
3. Libero spikes or block the ball above the net
4. Rotational fault
BASIC SKILL IN PLAYING VOLLEYBALL
1. Serve – the server stands behind the baseline and serves the ball in an attempt to drive
it into the opponents’ court.

2. Pass – an attempt by a team to properly handle the opponents serve or any form of
attack.

3. Set – the second contact that a team makes with the ball. The main goal of setting is to
put the ball in the air in such a way that it could be driven by an attack into the
opponents court. The setter ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball.

4. Attack /Spike – a third contact a team makes with the ball. The object is to handle the
ball so that it lands on the opponents court and cannot be defended.

5. Block – actions taken by players standing by the net to stop or alter an opponents attack.
A block that is aimed directly to stop an attack, thus making the ball in the opponents
court is an offensive attack.

6. Digging - the ability to prevent the ball from touching the ground after a spike or an
attack particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground.
OFFICIATING AND SIGNALING IN VOLLEYBALL
The officiating officials in volleyball are the following
1. First referee
- one in charge of the match, his decisions are final, he authorized service
and award points, he calls faults and violations especially violations
above the net and he is authorized to suspend play if condition
warrants.

2. Second Referee
- assist the first referee, he call violations below the net, he allows
substitution, he calls service fault and rotational/ position faults
violations.

3. Line judges
- calls or signals whether the ball is in or out.

4. Scorer
- records score and team time- outs.

HAND SIGNALS IN VOLLEYBALL

1. Authorization to serve – start with the arm straight out from the shoulder, arm parallel
to the floor. Hands open with the palm facing forward. Whistle first then signal.
2. Loss of rally – extend arm on the side of the team that won the rally. The arm should be
straight out from the shoulder. The arm should be parallel to the floor withhand open
and palm facing forward.
3. Ball in – extend the arm with hand open toward the court. The arm should be 45
degrees away from the body. Point to the intersection of the attack and sidelines.
4. Ball out – raised both arms while keeping the upper arms parallel to the floor. The
forearms are perpendicular to the floor with elbows 90 degrees angle. Hands are open
facing behind.
5. Ball touched – indicates that the ball was touched by the player on the side of the ball
went out of bounds. Put your arms at 90 degrees on the side of the team that touched
the ball. Brush the fingertips once. Only brush once.
6. Catch/ palming/ holding – extend your arm slightly toward the court at waist height with
hand open and palm up. Slightly cup the hand with fingers together. Start at waist height
and raise to shoulder level.
7. Double contact – raised your arm with the first two fingers extended.
8. Change of ends – raised the forearms front and back and twist them around your body.
 9. Time-out – placed the palm of one hand over the fingers of the other held vertically
forming T.
10. Substitution – circular motion of the forearm around each other.
11. Misconduct/ Warning – show yellow card for warning and red for penalty.
12. Disqualification – show both cards separately for disqualification.
13. End of set – cross the forearm in front of the chest, hands open.
14. Ball not tossed or released during service – lift the extended arm,the palm of the hands
facing upward.
15. Delay in service – raise five fingers spread open.
16. Blocking fault – raised both arms vertically palms upward.
17. Position or rotational fault – make circular motion of the forefinger.
18. Net touched by a player – touched the top or side of the net, on the side of the team
that commits the fault.
19. Reaching beyond the net – place the hand above the net, palm facing downward.
20. Double fault or replay – raised both thumbs vertically.

LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS

1. Ball in – point down with the flag.

2. Ball out – raise flag vertically.
3. Ball touched – raise flag and touched the top with palm of the freehand.
4. Ball passing outside the crossing space or foot fault – wave flag over the head and point
to the antennae or end line.
5. Judgement impossible – raised and cross both arms in front of the chest.