NEPAL COLLEGE OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Pokhara University)
Balkumari, Lalitpur

Department of Civil Engineering

A
Proposal on
Detailed Design and Estimation of a Road Project
On Gulariya(0+000m) to (7+0000) Toward
Khairapur

Submitted By: Submitted to:

Bibek Regmi (171807) Department of Civil Engineering
Pawan Sharma (171823)
Ritika Shrestha (171832)
Santosh kumar Budha (171834)
Sudip kafle (171838)
 ABSTRACT
The project deals with the case study of gulariya to khairapur highway especially the measurement
of various cross-sectional elements like shoulder, camber, drainage etc.
We measured the total width of the road as 7m with 2 lanes each 3.5m wide. The curb height of
the road was measured to be 1m high on each side of this road. The camber of this road was
calculated at every 20m and the average camber was found to be I.70"/o. The center line marking
was found to be 7 km long while the spacing between two markings were 0.5 m
While the most important element, the width of pavement, was according to the minimum specified
width of 7m, other elements such as median width (min 3m, Sm in general), Shoulder (absent in
this road), camber (min 2.5%) were not found according to the guidelines of the NRS. Also, other
traffic management systems like traffic lights were absent in this road.

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Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Background: ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2 The Project: .......................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Statement of Problem: ........................................................................................ 4
1.4 Objective: ............................................................................................................ 4
1.5 Scope of Study:.................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Limitation and Delimitation of Project: .............................................................. 4
2. Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 5
I. Nepal Road Standard 2071: .................................................................................... 5
SCOPE OF USE: ................................................................................................... 5
ROAD CLASSIFICATION .................................................................................. 6
II.Nepal Urban Road Standard 2076: ........................................................................ 6
ROAD CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ROAD: ................................................ 7
II. Nepal Rural Road Standard 2071: ........................................................................ 8
A. Rural Road Classification District Road (Core network): ....................... 8
B. Terrain Classification:....................................................................................... 8
C. Traffic: .............................................................................................................. 8
2.METHOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 10
I. Primary Data Collection: .................................................................................... 11
II. Secondary Data Collection: .............................................................................. 11
II.Data analysis and calculations: ............................................................................ 11
III. Detailed road design: ......................................................................................... 11
IV.Detailed cost estimation: .................................................................................... 11
V. Documentation: ................................................................................................. 11
4. Expected Outcome................................................................................................... 12
5. WORKING SCHEDULE ........................................................................................ 13
REFERENCE: ............................................................................................................. 14

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 1. Introduction
1.1 Background:
Transportation engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to planning,
design, operation, and management of infrastructures and services of transportation in order to
provide safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient and economical means of transportation for the
movement of people and goods. Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social, and
cultural development of any country. Transportation plays vital role for the economic development
of any region since every commodity produced whether it is food, clothing, industrial products or
medicine needs to be transported from the location of production to location of distribution and use.
Inadequate transportation facilities retard the process of socio for socio-economic development
available to people. The adequacy of the transportation system of the country creates the opportunity
for rapid transformation in the economy and improvement in the quality of the life of the people.
Investment in the roads is the area of priority for the national government as well as local bodies in
Nepal. This is because roads provide opportunities to enhance local livelihood which also produces
impact on the national economy. Road connectivity has key rule in the economic and social
development of rural community. Rural areas with road connectivity have opportunity of developing
strong linkage with the market for the flow of goods and services across rural areas and market
centers.
In country like Nepal majority of people live in the rural areas therefore the development in urban
area alone does not insure the overall development of the country. The proposed road is expected to
provide the benefits to the villagers. It is necessary that the rural road transportation must connect the
major growth centers like market centers, tourism centers, school, health post and industries in the
neighborhood that promotes and sustains the economics, social, and culture development in the rural
areas.
1.2 The Project:
The proposed road from gulariya to khairapur was taken as project for the detail study and design.
This road is expected to improve the access of people to services and facilities through increased
linkages with the market centers and agricultural production areas which could help in generation
numerous opportunities in the area. Thus, this road can play a vital role in the overall development
and socio-economic transformation of the project area. The existing road is not enough even for the
medium size vehicle. The geometric design as well as gradient of the existing road is improver and
much of the portion is not serviceable during heavy monsoon. Thus, construction of road with proper
gradient and geometric design has been found quite essential. For the design of the proposed road
project, Nepal rural road standard (NRRS 2055) has been used.

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1.3 Statement of Problem:
The stretch of road between gulariya to khairapur has difficult in transport facility because of lake of
proper road design and improper drainage facilities. Along with these in many session rain water and
soil type cause problem of landslide and unwanted air pollution. In this condition, the proposed road
has been foreseen to improve transportation facility in the area. Smooth movement of vehicles in the
monsoon is a improvement in the design of existing road. As a part of the project work improvement
in the gradient as well as other geometric design has been taken into consideration. The transportation
of agriculture products, people and daily commodities by vehicular services from market centers to
these locality and also from locality to market centers is very difficult because of lake of proper road.
In this condition, the proposed road would play the best role for transportation in local areas.
1.4 Objective:
The main objective of the study is to carry out detail survey, design and cost estimate of gulariya to
khairapur
1. To carry out geometric design of the road, road curves etc.
2. To carry out the design of cross drainage structure needed along the road alignment.
3. To estimate the cost of development of the proposed road following the standard norms.
1.5 Scope of Study:
The scopes of the study of the project are:
Detailed engineering survey of the proposed area.
1. Hydrological studies for cross-drainage and proposed for suitable cross drainage structures.
2. Provide farming facilities in farming land near the site.
3. Generate direct and indirect improvement opportunities in order to uplift the living standard
of people.
4. Prepare quantity and cost estimates.
5. Preparation of the working drawings.
1.6 Limitation and Delimitation of Project:
1. The main limitation of the project is to involve particular vulnerable group in road
construction activities.
2. The main delimitation of the project is to involve the people who are living near the
construction sites helps to develop a feeling of ownership and responsibility for the road

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 2. Literature Review
Every engineering design is the outcome of the past experiences and observations. It is necessary to
justify the result of the analysis and design properly with reference to the pre- existing standard results
or the past experiences. Structural design is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and
rigidity of road. The basic objective in design is to produce a structure capable of resisting all applied
loads without failure during its service life. Safe design of structures can be achieved by applying the
proper knowledge of structural mechanics and past experiences. It is needed to provide authentic
reference to the design made i.e. the design should follow the provision made in codes of practices.
Use of codes also keeps the designer to the safe side in case the structure fails within its service life.
For this design, certain references and criteria are taken from the literatures discussed below:
I. Nepal Road Standard 2071:
Nepal Road Standards -2027(Second Revision 2070), in short called NRS-2070, shall applyto all
Strategic Roads in rural areas being constructed within Nepal. For non-strategic (Local Roads) and
urban roads separate standards shall be considered.
With the objectives of achieving consistency in road design and construction, NRS was first
introduced by DOR in B.S. 2027 (1970 CE) and was revised in B.S 2045 (1988 CE).Minor revisions
were made in B.S 2051 (1994 CE) and in 1997 CE to incorporate certain changes, which were relevant
at the time of revisions. But those revisions were treated separately, not as an official version of the
NRS-2027.
Based on NRS (2027), standard design for roads and bridges including typical drawings were
prepared in 1978 CE. They are being used till now. The standard design prepared in 1978 CE was
based on the standard code of practice of that time.
Since then, there have been several revisions in design standards and specifications in Nepal and also
vast advancement in design and construction technology have occurred.
In the past, roads have been designed and constructed using either DOR standard guidelines or using
the design standard adopted by various aid agencies or consultants.
Due to non-uniformity in design and construction of roads and bridges, DOR has been facing
difficulties in maintenance and management of roads and bridges.
In this context and as demanded by the modern technological development, there is a need to revise
NRS-2027 and this is the second official revision.
SCOPE OF USE:
 These standards are to be applied for all roads being constructed in Nepal. These standards apply
mostly for non-urban roads (in open country outside built-up area.)
 These requirements can be relaxed in some very difficult situations by the Government of Nepal.
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 Efforts in general should, however, be to aim at standards higher than the minimum indicated here.
 The geometric features of roads except cross sectional elements do not lend to stage construction.
 Geometric deficiencies are costly and sometimes impossible to rectify later on due to subsequent
road development. Therefore, it is essential that geometric requirements should be kept in view
right in the beginning.
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
Roads in Nepal are classified as follows:
A. Administrative Classification
Administrative classification of roads is intended for assigning national importance and level of
government responsible for overall management and methods of financing. According to this
classification roads are classified into:
 National highway
 Federal road
 Urban Road
 Rural Road
B. Technical Classification:
 Class I
 Class II
 Class III
 Class IV
II. Nepal Urban Road Standard 2076:
Nepal Urban Road Standards-2076 (NURS-2076) shall apply to all urban roads being constructed
within the urban areas of Nepal. These standards may be relaxed by Government of Nepal to meet
special circumstances. Road network is the major urban infrastructure in terms of its required
financial resources, land consumption and land- use planning in the urban area. Furthermore, the
aesthetic appearance of the city is mainly dependent on the urban road pattern. The growth of the
urban area is mainly guided by the urban road hierarchy and their alignment.
In this context, growing urbanization in Nepal is major challenge for the urban planner as well as
municipal authorities. Such situation has created a challenging situation for safe movement of
vulnerable road user specially the pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles leading to poor road safety
situation. The recent situation demands safer travel and accessibility to all while considering the
urban mobility. The urban mobility and accessibility mainly depend upon the urban road network
planning and their technical parameters. With the objectives of achieving consistency in road design

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and construction, Nepal Road Standard, (NRS) was introduced. According to four administrative
classification given in Nepal Road Standard-2070, urban road is one of them but, these standards
were applicable only for the design of strategic roads and are not applicable to address all the urban
needs. Therefore, it became very essential to develop the ‘Nepal Urban Road Standard’.
The standard incorporates major technical as well as planning aspects for urban roads. Classifications
of urban roads, design criteria, elements of cross section, clearance etc., are major parts of this
standard.
ROAD CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ROAD:
For the purpose of geometric design urban roads are classified into four categoriesconsidering
function of the road and traffic level.
a) Arterial roads (Path)
b) Sub-arterials roads (Sadak)
c) Collector roads (Marg)
d) Local roads (Upa-Marg)

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II. Nepal Rural Road Standard 2071:
The Nepal Rural Road Standards (NRRS) were introduced in 2055 to set the classification and geometric
design standards for the Local Road Network (LRN) to be followed by all those involved in the
development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DOLIDAR and
its development partners.1 It was revised in 2010 during the preparation of interim guidelines for District
Transport Master Plan (DTMP) for the SWAp Pilot Districts, when existing district roads were
reclassified as District Roads ‘A’ and all previous village roads were reclassified as District Roads “B”
with no change in their geometric design parameters. In March 2012 the Nepal Road Sector Assessment
Study was completed together with recommendations regarding simplifying the DTMP to make it easier
to understand, cheaper to implement and less time consuming. This review concluded that LRN
investment should change its approach to new construction and concentrate on upgrading to a core
network of maintainable, all-weather roads linking the District Centre to the VDC HQ’s office or growth
center. This core district road network is defined as the minimum network necessary to ensure
maintainable, all-weather access to all VDC HQs. If VDC HQs have not yet been connected to this
network, new roads will need to be constructed. All roads not included in the core network will become
village roads. The all-weather construction of the core network has meant that the design speeds of the
district roads has had to be increased and this has prompted a review of the geometric design standards
for LRN. It has also provided DOLIDAR with the opportunity to make changes designed to tackle issues
relating to road safety, climate change and disaster risk reduction.
A. Rural Road Classification District Road (Core network):
An important road joining a VDC HQ’s office or nearest economic centre to the district headquarters,
via either a neighboring district headquarters or the Strategic Road Network. Village Road - Smaller
roads not falling under District Road (Core Network) category are Village Roads, including other
Agriculture Road.
B. Terrain Classification:
A simple classification of Terrain into ‘Terai’ and ‘Hill’ is adopted based on the topography of country.
While classifying terrain, short isolated stretches of varying terrain should not be taken into
consideration. Generally, ‘Terai’ covers the plain and rolling terrain and varies from 0 to 25 percent cross
slope, ‘Hills’ covers mountainous and steep terrain and varies from 25 to 60 percent and more.
C. Traffic:
It is not financially viable to improve the standard of a rural transport link by a small margin since the
heavy cost involved is not justified by the marginal benefits. Therefore, it is the accepted practice to
design and construct new transport links or upgrade the existing ones using a traffic volume which is
anticipated at some future date. For rural 3 transport linkages in Nepal, the period shall be 10 years 2 i.e.

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the road shall be design with a capacity sufficient to cope with the estimated traffic volume 10 years
after the date of completion of the works.

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 2. METHOLOGY
Primary Data Collection

Secondary Data Collection

Data analysis and calculations:

` Detailed road design

Detailed cost estimation

Documentation
FIG 1:METHOLOGY OF ROAD DESIGN

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In this case study the method of primary as well as secondary data collection method was used
and the data collected was used to create plan and section of the road. After the preparation of the
cross section and plan, NRS was consulted to see if it meets the recommended guidelines of the
code. In general, the following methods were adopted:

I. Primary Data Collection:

We thoroughly conducted a reconnaissance of the road and prepared a rough sketch of the road.
From this we got the idea of the general layout of this road. We then went on to measure each and
every aspect of the road like footpath, curb, camber, pavement, road surface markings, gutter etc.
with a measuring tape. This data would be used to create a plan and section of a portion of the
road. We then used a levelling instrument and measured the levels of the right side, left side as well
as the center of the road. This would help us calculate the camber of this road. This levelling was
done every 20m interval.
II. Secondary Data Collection:
The source of secondary data were various books available in the library of our college. Apart
from this we also consulted various websites and Nepal Road Standard (NRS) downloaded from
hup:/ldor.gov.np. This provided us with the common by laws used in the design of a road. It also
provided us with the various components of a road and how they together serve to create a
functional road. Apart from books and NRS, several websites were consulted in preparation of
this report. We collected data about various elements of a road, how their dimensions or positions
are fixed in the guidelines given by the NRS.
II. Data analysis and calculations:
From the collected data, we will analyze the profile and cross-section by plotting using CAD
software and the amount of earthwork required will also be calculated.
III. Detailed road design:
We will design the detailed components of the road like pavement size, drainage, shoulders,
camber, medians, etc as per norms and guidelines provided by Department of Roads (DOR).
IV. Detailed cost estimation:
The cost required for the completion of the project is estimated in detail. It includes the total
cost of materials, labors, tools and mechanical equipment and devices etc.
V. Documentation:
Finally, we documented each and every step in the process along with the comparisons and
drawings. The comparisons done with the NRS guidelines were put under different headings like
pavement, curb, camber, median etc. This documentation helps a reader understand different aspects
of this road and also to compare if it is constructed following the guidelines of NRS.

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 4. Expected Outcome
The project is expected to provide following outputs:
 The plan as well as longitudinal profile of existing ground.
 The detailed requirements for cutting and filling along the road alignment.
 The requirements for retaining structures along the sloppy area.
 The detailed design of cross-section elements of road.
 The detailed estimation for the completion of road project.

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 5. WORKING SCHEDULE
The project has been allocated to the completed in the time being of 7th and 8th semester of Civil
Engineering. The first phase of the project which includes the theoretical study of Road design,
documents related to Road design and codes, architectural corrections needed in the drawing and
preliminary design of the Road has been completed during the 7th semester. Also, a proposal for the
project is submitted.
Presently, the following tasks have been completed.
Task Time Duration(Days)
Group Formation 6
Project Selection 11
Interaction with Supervisor 1
Group Interaction 6
Project Briefing 4
Project Title and Objective Confirmation 5
Pre-proposal Preparation 4
Pre-proposal Submission 2
Literature Review 20
Software Study 27
Drawing received and Discussion 17
Presentation by Supervisor 1
Completion of Proposal 4
Preliminary Design Work 12
Total 120 day (4 Month)

Fig 2: Table of Working Schedule

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 REFERENCE:
1. C E G Justo, S K Khanna, Highway Engineering, Khanna Publications, New Delhi,
India
2. Dinesh K Shrestha, Anil Marasini, Transportation Engineering, Heritage Publishers,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
3. Nepal Road Standard 2070, Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical
Infrastructure and Transport, Government of Nepal, 2070.
4. Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055), 2 nd Revision, DOLIDAR, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Local Development, Government of Nepal, 2071.

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