METHODS OF INSECT CONTROL

Methods of insect control

Natural control Applied control

 Applied control

➢ Depends upon human being for their success.

✓ Cultural control
✓ Mechanical control
✓ Physical control
✓ Biological control
✓ Legislative control
✓ Reproductive control
✓ Chemical control
✓ Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
 CHEMICAL CONTROL

Suppression or killing of insect population

with the use of chemicals/insecticides is
called chemical control of insects.
 CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES

Chemical nature
Mode of entry

In-organic Organic
In insects In plants

Arsenals Seliniums
Stomach Fumigant Natural Synthetic
Contact Fluorides

Botanical Mineral oils

Antibiotic
Systemic Non-systemic Translaminar
Conventional New chemistry

Neonicotinoids Avermectins
Organochlorines Carbamates Nereistoxin analogs
Insect growth regulators
Organophosphates Pyrethroids
Diamides
 STOMACH INSECTICIDES Examples

– Lorsban® 40EC
(chlorpyrifos)
✓ Insecticide which enter into insect through
mouth via food.
✓ Usually effective against pests having chewing
mouth parts.
– Curacron® 50EC
✓ Examples include Lorsban® 40EC (chloropyrifos) (profenofos)
and Curacron® 50 EC (profenofos).
STOMACH INSECTICIDES

Entry site through mouth

 CONTACT INSECTICIDES

Examples

✓ Insecticide which enters through cuticle/skin. – Karate® 5EC

(lambda-cyhalothrin)
✓ Usually effective against pests having either
chewing or sucking mouth parts.
✓ Examples include Karate® 5EC (lambda-
cyhalothrin) and Lannate® 40SP (methomyl). – Lannate® 40SP
(methomyl)
CONTACT INSECTICIDES
 FUMIGANT INSECTICIDES

Examples
✓ Those insecticides which enter through
spiracle in insect as gaseous state. – Celphos ® 50%
(aluminum phosphide)
✓ Usually effective against indoor pests
especially against the storage insect pests of
godowns.
✓ Examples include Celphos ® 50% (aluminum
phosphide) and Magtoxin® 56% (magnesium – Magtoxin ® 56%
(magnesium phosphide)
phosphide).
FUMIGANT INSECTICIDES
 SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES Examples

✓ Those insecticides when they are applied either on

– Confidor® 20SL
seeds, stems or leaves of plants, will be absorbed (imidacloprid)
and translocated to various parts of the plant
through xylem and phloem so that they become
part and parcel of whole plant and will enter in
insects when it feeds.
✓ Examples include Confidor® 20S (imidacloprid) and – Actara® 25WG
(thiamethoxam)
Actara® 25WG (thiamethoxam)
SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
 NON-SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
Examples

✓ A non-systemic insecticide is a topical insecticide

that can easily be “washed off” from any part of – Lorsban® 40EC
(chlorpyrifos)
plant before consumption. The plant does not
absorb or uptake a non-systemic insecticide
through its foliage or leaves or roots etc; it
remains only on the exterior of the plant.
– Curacron® 50 EC
✓ Examples include Lorsban® 40EC (chlorpyrifos) and (profenofos)
Curacron® 50EC (profenofos).
NON-SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
Non systemic Systemic
insecticides insecticides
 TRANSLAMINAR INSECTICIDES

Examples
✓ Those insecticides when sprayed on one
surface of leaf may be translocated to the – Tracer® 240SC
other side of the leaf i.e., they are transported (spinosad)

across the lamina (leaf blade).

✓ Usually effective against sucking insect pests.
✓ Examples include Tracer® 240SC (spinosad) and
– Admiral® 10EC
Admiral® 10EC (pyriproxyfen). (pyriproxyfen)
TRANSLAMINAR INSECTICIDES
 BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES

✓ Botanical insecticides are naturally occurring insecticide

(insect toxins) extracted or derived from plants.
✓ Examples include neem based (Azadirachtin) insecticide.
 ANTIBIOTIC INSECTICIDES

✓ Antibiotics are microbial product use to suppress/kill Example

the other microbes hosted within human as well as – Tracer® 240SC

(spinosad)
the plant body.

✓ Produced by fermentation from actinomycetes or

streptomycetes.

✓ Spinosyns including spinosad and spinetoram isolated

from the actinomycete soil bacterium.
 MINERAL OILS

✓ Mineral oils are highly refined, paraffinic oils.

✓ Mineral oils may be referred to by many names,

including horticultural oil, spray oil or white mineral oil.

✓ Used against mites, aphids, whiteflies, thrips and

mealybugs.
 ORGANOCHLORINES (OCs)

Chemical composition Examples

– Carbon, hydrogen and chlorine as
essential elements – DDT®
(Dichloro-Diphenyl-
trichloroethane)
Against mosquitoes, flies
Mode of action

– Thiodan® 4EC
(endosulfon)
Neuron Against sucking and
chewing insects
Axonic poisons
 ORGANOPHOSPHATES (OPs)

Chemical composition Examples

– Derivatives of phosphoric acid
– Lorsban® 40EC
(chlorpyrifos)
Mode of action Against chewing insects

– Curacron® 500 EC
Neuron (profenofos)
Against mealybug,
Synaptic poisons American bollworm
 CARBAMATES

Chemical composition Examples

– Derivatives of carbamic acid
– Furadon® 3 G
(carbofuran)
Against borer
Mode of action

– Lannate® 40SP
(methomyl)
Against mealybug
Neuron

Synaptic poisons
 PYRETHROIDS
Chemical composition Examples
– All pyrethriods structurally similar
with pyrethrum which is available in
– Talstar® 10 EC
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium
(Bifenthrin)
Against aphid, jassid, hopper
Mode of action

– Decis Super® 100 EC

(Deltamethrin)
Against spotted bollworm
Neuron

Axonic poisons
 NEONICOTINOIDS

Chemical composition Examples

– Analogs of nicotine
– Confidor® 20 SL
(Imidacloprid)
Mode of action Against aphid, jassid, hopper

– Actara® 25 WG
(Thiamethoxam)
Neuron
Against jassid
Synaptic poisons
 INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS
(IGR’s)
Chemical composition Examples
IGRs resemble with insect growth regulators
naturally available in insect, but it disrupt growth
and development of insects due to artificial nature, – Admiral® 10 EC
resulting eventually death.
(pyriproxyfen)
Against whitefly
Mode of action

– Match® 050 EC
(lufenuron)
Against armyworm

Insect Skin
 AVERMECTINS

Chemical composition Examples

Extracted from soil microorganism, Streptomyces
avermitilis
– Vertimec® 1.8 EC
(abamectin)
Mode of action Against chewing insects

– Proclaim® 019 EC
(emamectin benzoate)
Against American bollworm

Muscles poisons
 DIAMIDES

Chemical composition Examples

Ryanodine receptor modulators.

– Belt® 480 SC
Mode of action (flubendiamide)
Against Armyworm

– Coragen® 20 SC
(chlorantraniliprole)
Against Armyworm, bugs

Muscles poisons
 NEREISTOXIN ANALOGS

Chemical composition Examples

Analogs of nereistoxin, a natural toxin of marine
worm
– Padan® 4G (cartap)
Mode of action Against rice borer

Neuromuscular poisons