1

REMOTE LEARNING MODULE

COR14- UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY,
AND POLITICS
Course Code- Course Title

MODULE 1
Module Number

STUDENT NAME: ____________________________________________________

ADDRESS: _________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: _____________________ EMAIL:__________________

GRADE LEVEL:__________________ STRAND:________________

SUBJECT TEACHER: ________________________________________________

CLASS ADVISER:____________________________________________________

SCHOOL YEAR: ______________________ SEMESTER:_____________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

BENCHMARK QUIZ 3

YOUR JOURNEY 7

YOUR OBJECTIVES 7

LESSON 1: STARTING POINT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS 8
Activity 1 8
Activity 2 9
Content Materials 10
Activity 3 27
Activity 4 29
Activity 5 30
Activity 6 31

LESSON 2: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND

POLITICS 32
Activity 1 32
Activity 2 33
Content Materials 34
Activity 3 41
Activity 4 42
Activity 5 43
Activity 6 44

LESSON 3: ASPECTS OF CULTURE 45

Activity 1 45
Activity 2 46
Content Materials 47
Activity 3 55
Activity 4 56
Activity 4 57
Activity 6 58
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 59

PERFORMANCE TASK 61
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BENCHMARK TEST
Directions: Please encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This refers to a group of people living together in a specific geographical location.

A. Society
B. Sociology
C. Social
D. Societal
2. On what level can sociology investigate issues like romantic love, gender, and
family?
A. Personal
B. Global
C. International
D. Societal
3. This is a way of classifying one's self from other members of a society.
A. Social Location
B. Social
C. Society
D. Location
4. This refers to society's way of life.
A. Culture
B. Cult
C. Social
D. Society
5. This refers to the standards and expectations for behaving.
A. Norm
B. Normal
C. Abnormal
D. Abnorm
6. This specific branch of the government is authorized to make laws.
A. Legislative
B. Executive
C. Judicial
D. Cultural
7. This specific branch of government carries out laws.
A. Executive
B. Judicial
C. Legislative
D. Cultural
8. This specific branch of government evaluates laws.
A. Judicial
B. Legislative
C. Executive
D. Cultural
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9. This perspective sees society as a complex system.

A. Functionalism
B. Structuralism
C. Formalism
D. Socialism
10. This perspective sees two classes clashing for resources.
A. Class Conflict
B. Classical Conflict
C. Concensus
D. Class Consensus
11. It is the scientific study of humanity.
A. Archeology
B. Anthropology
C. Atrophy
D. Anthology
12. It seeks to understand human beings in groups, or in a broader context.
A. Society
B. Sociology
C. Socialization
D. Societal
13. It is the systematic study of governance.
A. philosophical science
B. political science
C. philanthropic science
D. palatial science
14. It is the diffusion of one's culture to another through diverse means.
A. culturation
B. culture
C. enculturation
D. enculture
15. It is the process of creating/ recreating a person's identity.
A. formation
B. formal identity
C. identical formation
D. identity formation
16. These are culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what is right or
wrong.
A. normative
B. normal
C. norms
D. nores
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17. These are created and shaped by the community through time.
A. norms
B. values
C. status
D. identity
18. It is any position that an individual can occupy in society.
A. norms
B. status
C. values
D. identity
19. It is given at birth or assigned later in life.
A. prescribed
B. ascribed
C. achieved
D. subscribed
20. It is acquired willfully and consciously through effort, talent, decisions, and
accomplishments.
A. prescribed
B. ascribed
C. achieved
D. subscribed
21. These are the conceptions and ideas of man regarding his environment.
A. beliefs
B. values
C. norms
D. laws
22. It is anything that has meaning and represents something else.
A. Signal
B. Symbols
C. Status
D. Society
23. It includes the cultural patters that are broadly in line with a society's cultural
ideas and values.
A. mainstream culture
B. subculture
C. counterculture
D. low culture
24. This refers to the cultural patterns that distinguish the society's elite.
A. mainstream culture
B. subculture
C. counterculture
D. high culture
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25. This refers to the cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular with most people
in society.
A. mainstream culture
B. counterculture
C. subculture
D. low culture
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YOUR JOURNEY
This course uses insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology to
develop students’ awareness of cultural, social and political dynamics, and sensitivity to
cultural diversity; provide them with an understanding of how culture, human agency,
society and politics work; and engage them in the examination of the country’s current
human development goals.
At the end of this module, one can define clearly what society, culture, and politics
are in the Philippine context and at the same time, associate these ideas to a broader,
academic disciplines like sociology, anthropology, and political science.

YOUR OBJECTIVES

Performance Standards: Define culture and society from the perspectives of

anthropology and sociology, Recognize how culture, society and politics
progressed together with human evolution, Articulate how individual beings
become part and/ or become excluded within society.
Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of human cultural
variation, social differences, social change, and political identities, the
significance of studying culture, society, and politics, the rationale for studying
anthropology, political science, and sociology, the concepts of culture, society
and politics, perspectives in/approaches to the study of culture, society, and
politics, human origins and the capacity for culture, the role of culture in human
adaptation, processes of cultural and sociopolitical evolution, and how individuals
learn culture and become competent members of society
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
1. Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.
2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.
3. Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding.
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 1

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.

DIRECTION: Write the following information of yourself in the spaces provided.

NAME:

GENDER SOCIO- ETHNICITY RELIGION

ECONOMIC
CLASS
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 2

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and political
science.

DIRECTION: Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions using 20-
30 words only.

PROBING QUESTION:
1. Based on the table you filled up in the previous activity, does your family have the
same information as you? Why do you think so?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Are there any differences found in your family members based on gender, socio-
economic class, ethnicity, and/or religion? What are those differences?
________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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What is Society?
It refers to a group of people who live together, usually in a specific geographical
location.
Characteristics:
1. Likeness: (May be in the beginning assumed or real common lineage, tribal
affinity, family benefit)
2. Reciprocal Awareness: (belongingness)
3. Differences (Diversity or variation)
4. Interdependence
5. Cooperation
6. Conflict (enables change)
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
1. The scientific study of SOCIETY and HUMAN BEHAVIOR in relation to its
environment.
2. From Greek words socius (companion) and logos (the study of)
3. At the personal level, sociology investigates the social causes and consequences
of such things as romantic love, racial and gender identity, family conflict, deviant
behavior, aging, and religious faith. (sociology.unc.edu)
4. At the societal level, sociology examines and explains matters like crime and law,
poverty and wealth, prejudice and discrimination, schools and education,
business firms, urban community, and social movements. (sociology.unc.edu)
5. At the global level, sociology studies such phenomena as population growth and
migration, war and peace, and economic development. (sociology.unc.edu)
HOW USEFUL IS SOCIOLOGY?
It interprets raw facts using sociological perspectives by:
1. Seeing the general in the particular. (ex. Decline in marriage)
2. Seeing the strange in the familiar. (Justifying what common sense really means)
SOCIAL LOCATION
It is a way of classifying one’s self from other members of a society. It also
determines which CULTURE one belongs to.
This may refer to:
• Race
• Social class
• Gender
• Sexual orientation
• Religion
• Language
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CULTURE
a. Refers to the way of life shared by a group of people.
b. Refers to the shared knowledge that bind a society together.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
1. Language (verbal/nonverbal): influences how we understand the world around
us.
2. Norms: standards and expectations for behaving.
a. Formal (mores/ laws): refer to the standards of behavior considered the most
important in any society.
b. Informal (folkways/customs): refer to standards of behavior that are
considered less important but still influence how we behave.
c. Rituals:
• established procedures and ceremonies that often mark transitions in
the life course.
• both reflect and transmit a culture’s norms and other elements from
one generation to the next.
Examples:
a. Rite of Passage
b. Courtship
c. Marriage
d. Burial
e. Graduations
3. Values: involve judgments of what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable.
4. Artifacts: material objects, that constitute a society’s material culture.
• In the most simple societies, artifacts are largely limited to a few tools, the
huts people live in, and the clothing they wear.
HOW IS SOCIETY RELATED TO CULTURE?
Society is the structure, while culture guides the way people live.

Politics
“Man is, by nature, a political animal.”- Aristotle
“Politics is in its broadest sense, is the activity through which people make,
preserve and amend the general rules under which they live.” (Macmillan, 2017)
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Three Branches of Government

1. The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is
divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
2. The Executive branch carries out laws. It is composed of the President and
the Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of
six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his
Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the country’s
bureaucracy.
3. The Judicial branch evaluates laws. It holds the power to settle controversies
involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch
determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of
the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
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Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches

as follows:
a. The President can veto laws passed by Congress.
b. Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can
remove the President from office in exceptional circumstances.
c. The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional
laws, are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
HOW IS POLITICS CONNECTED TO SOCIETY AND CULTURE?
If society is the structure, and culture is the way of living, politics, in principle
uses power to protect, to impose and/or change either the structure or the way of living.
Observations about Social, Political, and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
The following scenarios represent social phenomena and their corresponding

behaviors that are prevalent in the Philippine society.

Situations Behavior and Phenomena

1. Gary graduated a year ago. Despite Istambay
being blessed with several job
offers; he chose to remain jobless
and hang around with his barkada.
Together they love standing by in
the town plaza especially at night.
2. As a businessman, Leo is used to Lagay
give “padulas” (or lagay) to his main
suppliers in order to expedite his
business transactions with them.
3. Members of the Seventh-Day Food Taboos
Adventist Church are strongly
prohibited from eating pork and any
food with blood, as well as from
smoking and drinking alcoholic
beverages.
4. Darius is openly gay. He lives with Same-sex Relationship
his partner Garner. He and Garner
are both college professors in the
local city college.
5. If grades were to be the basis of Padrino System
Rusty’s standing in his economics
class, he would surely fail the
course. However, he was given a
passing grade by his economics
teacher, who happened to be a
childhood friend of his mother.
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These five situations reflect human behaviors being propelled by powerful

motivators. Whether it’s religion, social traditions, sexual preferences, or political

motivation, these actions represent an individual or a collective’s values and beliefs.

Observations on Social, Political, and Cultural Change

The following scenarios how culture, society, and politics can be subjected to

change as time passes. This represents the malleability of culture, society, and politics.

Scenarios Phenomenon

1. Taking selfies is Alyssa’s hobby. It Selfies

became a habit when her parents
gave her a phone on her birthday.
2. Kap. Tim is the incumbent mayor of Political Dynasty
the City of Ilagan. His son, Timmy
Jr. is currently running for the
congressional seat of the district, a
position occupied by his mother
Cong. Valencia for about three
consecutive terms.
3. Amina, a college student, is living Transnational Families
alone in Manila. Both of her parents
are OFWs working in the Middle
East. She visits them every
summer break.
4. As a youth volunteer, Verna finds Youth Volunteerism
the rainy season a busy season
due to the frequency of typhoon-
related disasters. Sometimes she
even spends her own money to buy
relief goods for typhoon victims.
5. Michael almost missed the chance Mobile Gaming
to finish high school because he
had been absent most of the time
playing Mobile Legends.
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These scenarios are manifestations of social, cultural, and political changes.

These are brought by new technological platforms which facilitates immediate self-

expression and interactions or may also be a form of devolving negative changes in the

power which certain group of people possess.

INTERSECTIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

ANTHROPOLOGY
a. A scientific study of humanity.
b. A science that deals with the study of human beings and their humanity
through the examination of a people’s biological and cultural past and
comparing these with that of another group or community.
c. Aims to understand and evaluate the progress of human life.

• Example: Early human fossil remains found in Philippines cave may

herald new species — Homo luzonensis (abcnet.au)

Key points
New species found on Luzon island in the Philippines dubbed Homo
luzonensis shows a curious mix of features
It could be a product of the same island processes that led to evolution of
the "hobbit" on the Indonesian island of Flores
Claims rely on analysis of several teeth, along with hand, foot and leg
bones, but not all scientists are convinced it's a new species
Anthropology can be used to understand the pattern of living in terms of social
structure, cultural patterns and political hierarchies, which can be used to justify of
explain current phenomena.

SOCIOLOGY
a. The scientific study of the society which necessarily entails the study of all
human activities in the society.
b. Sociology also seeks to understand human beings in groups, or in a broader
context.
Example:
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Through Sociology, we can identify patterns of behavior, as well as explain

social phenomena. This will enable our society to address current or anticipated social
problems. Furthermore, Sociology looks beyond numbers which means, it considers
motivations and behavior not just as an individual but also as a collective.

POLITICAL SCIENCE
a. Is the systematic study of governance by the application of empirical and
generally scientific methods of analysis.
b. Seeks to understand human behavior as political animal rather it also try and
advocate the kind of political behavior or conduct humans should have for the
betterment of humanity along with other species being.

Example:
No coup plans, AFP, PNP reassure Duterte (news.mb.com.ph) By Martin
Sadongdong
The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National
Police reassured President Duterte Wednesday that there are no plans of
overthrowing the government having “learned our lessons from the past.”
Political Science can help us understand political hierarchies as well as
structures that enable the oppression or promotion of human rights. It evaluates the
laws a certain society follow whether they are oppressive or abusive towards its
subjects.
It also allows the understanding of power structures and its effects in the
society’s ways of living.
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 3

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.

DIRECTION: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING USING 30-50 WORDS PER QUESTION

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 4

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.

DIRECTION: Answer the following questions using only 20-30 words.

1. How is humanity relevant in the study of sociology, anthropology, and political

science?
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2. Is the study on culture, society, and politics important given that the world is
suffering from the pandemic?
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RUBRIC FOR CHECKING
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Clarity All sentences Most sentences Some sentences The sentences
used define the used define the used define the used does not
terms clearly terms clearly terms clearly define the terms
and with point. and with point. and with point. clearly and they
do not establish
a point.

Mechanics There are no There are 2 There are 3 There are 4

(Correctness of misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled
grammar and words nor words and 2 words and 3 words and 4
spelling) grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors errors. errors. errors.

TOTAL
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 5

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.

Society

Sociology

Culture
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LESSON 1 STARTING POINTS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF

CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

ACTIVITY 6

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 1
LC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 1

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 2

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society
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THREE PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIOLOGY

1. Symbolic Interactionism
a. Considers the symbol and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean,
and how they interact with each other.
b. Gives serious thought on how people act, and then seeks to determine what
meanings individuals assign to their own actions and symbols, as well as to
those of others.
2. Structural Functionalism
a. Each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society’s
functioning.
b. Society is seen as a complex system whose parts work together to promote
stability and social order.
• Under functionalism, society is held together by social consensus or
cohesion which means:
o Members of society agree upon and work together to achieve what
is best for society as a whole.

o Two Kinds of Social Consensus

▪ Mechanical Solidarity
-a form of social cohesion that arises when people in a
society maintain similar values and beliefs and engage in
similar types of work.
ex. Family of farmers, fisher folks, etc.
▪ Organic Solidarity
-a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a
society are interdependent, but hold to varying values and
beliefs, and engage in varying types of work.
ex. Metropolitan societies
o Two Types of Human Function by Robert Merton (American
Sociologist)
▪ Manifest Function
Intentional and obvious
Ex. Going to school to learn
▪ Latent Functions
unintentional and not obvious
Ex. Going to school to make social connections
3. Social Conflict Theory
a. Views society as being composed of different groups that struggle over
scarce resources- like power, money, land, food, or status.
• Class Conflict by Karl Marx (German Philosopher)
o Views society as having different classes based on their
relationship to the means of production.
o Two Classes under Capitalism
▪ Bourgeoisie- owns the means of production.
▪ Proletariat- sells their labor to survive.
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CULTURAL VARIATION
a. Refers to the diverse social practice that different cultures observe.
Examples:
• Different customs of people living in cities, and in provinces.
• Difference between generations X, Y, and Z.
• Extended Family
• Machismo
• “Maria Clara”
SOCIAL CHANGE
a. Refers to any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, and cultural
values and norms.
b. A movement that yields social consequence
• Ex. Industrial Revolution, Abolition of Slavery, Feminism, Martial Law,
People Power, Modernization, Diaspora
c. Social Movements inspire discontented members of a society to bring about
social change.
POLITICAL IDENTITIES
a. Refers to a specific political party affiliation or partisan identity. For many
voters, belonging to a political party is not simply a voting decision.
b. Factors Affecting Political Identity
• Economic Class
• Geographical Location
• Educational Attainment
• Ideologies
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 3

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.
DIRECTION: Discuss 5 customs that are uniquely observed in Davao and the groups of
people who practice these customs. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Davao Customs Practitioners

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 4

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.

DIRECTION: Answer the question using 30-50 words only.

1. Populism is a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel
that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. Pres. Duterte is
known to use populism as a strategy to win his presidency.
In your opinion, does populism hurt the government?
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RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 5

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.

DIRECTION: Answer the question using the space provided.

• What are the customs your parents/grandparents follow that are not largely
followed/observed by the people in your community? Name 3.
1. ______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
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LESSON 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
ACTIVITY 6

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 2
LC: 2. Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.

DIRECTION: Provide 2 situations where Symbolic Interactionism, Structural

Functionalism, and Social Conflict Theories can be used. Answer the question using the
space provided.
Symbolic Interactionism Structural Functionalism Social Conflict Theory

1.

2.
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 1

TIMEFRAME:WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding

DIRECTION: Answer the question using 30-50 words only.

1. What ethnic group/s does your family belong to (Ex. Cebuano, Ilonggo, Ilocano)?
Name 2 cultural practices associated with your ethnicity. Do you still practice
them? Explain how and why.
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________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 2

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
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CULTURE (In an Anthropological Perspective)

a. Is a complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes,
laws norms, artefacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person
learns and shares as a member of society (E.B. Tylor)
ENCULTURATION:
A diffusion of one’s culture to another through diverse means, namely
learning, imposition by force, and conquest, among others. This leads to:
a. Identity formation
• the formation of the identity of an individual through his
interaction with other people.
• ex. Chinese foods and traditions. Korean language and culture
b. Beliefs
• the conceptions and ideas of man regarding his environment.
c. Symbols
• anything that has meaning and represents something else
(Kendall, 2013)
d. Language
• a set of symbols that expresses ideas which enables people to
formulate thoughts and communicate with one another.
e. Values
• a sum of all ideas and concepts that is desirable in a particular
culture.
• Are experimented by a particular society to check its relevance
and appropriateness to existing norms and laws.
• Are created and shaped in the community through time.
f. Norms
• a concrete set of rules and standards to be observed by man in
his cultural setting.
• are culturally determined rules that guide people regarding
what’s right, wrong proper, or improper.
• It creates predictability in daily affairs and interactions, making it
easier to live with other members of society.
• ex. Wearing decent clothes for specific events or occasions.
- not laughing when someone commits mistake.
g. Law
• a rule or policy that governs the conduct of men which is mostly
enacted by a sovereign power
h. Status
• is any position that an individual can occupy in society. It is not
a ranked position, but simply label that implies certain roles that
must be performed.
• Ex. Being a singer, a student, and an artist at the same time.
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• 2 TYPES OF STATUS
o Ascribed: it is given at birth or assigned later in life.
Ex. Age, sex, ethnicity, and membership in a family
o Achieved: It is acquired willfully and consciously through
effort, talent, decisions, and accomplishments.
Ex. Being someone’s girlfriend /boyfriend, being a top
student, etc.
ASPECTS OF CULTURE
1. Culture is Learned
• Enculturation- the process of learning the accepted norms and values of
the culture or society where the individual lives.

2. Culture is Shared
• it is not something that an individual alone can possess.
3. Culture is Cumulative
• based on the knowledge and understanding gained from specific
experiences.
4. Culture is Dynamic
• It exists as a continuous process
5. Culture is Diverse
• It varies from society to society.
6. Culture is Communicated
• it is communicated from one generation to another through language.
CULTURE (IN A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE)
1. Mainstream Culture
a. Includes the cultural patterns that are broadly in line with a society’s cultural
ideas and values.
• Low Culture (Pop Culture)
o includes the cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular with most
people in a society.
• High Culture
o refers to cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite.
2. Subculture
a. Refers to the cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society’s
population.
3. Counterculture
a. : pushes back on mainstream culture in an attempt to change how society
functions.
• Feminism, LGBTQI Rights
Which group decides what’s mainstream, and what’s subculture?
1. Norm: Cultural groups with the most power and societal influence.
2. Subgroups: people with less power.
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CULTURE AS A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE

1. Ethnocentrism
• seeing one culture as superior than the other.
• the practice of judging one culture by the standards of another.
a. It encourages the solidarity of a group in a negative way.
b. It hinders the understanding or the cooperation between groups.
c. It leads to cultural conflict.
2. Xenocentrism
• It is characterized by a strong belief that one’s own culture (products,
style, or ideas) is inferior to those which originate elsewhere.
a. Filipino’s preference for imported goods because anything abroad is
better (Balikbayan Box).
3. Xenophobia
• It is the fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange.
• It may include:
a. The fear of losing identity
b. Suspicion of the other group’s activities
c. Aggression
d. The desire to eliminate the presence of the other group to secure a
presumed purity.
4. Multiculturalism (Cultural Relativism)
• recognizes cultural diversity while advocating for equal standing for all
cultural traditions.
• Appreciation of other cultures may come from two reasons:
a. Acquisition of sufficient knowledge about other culture.
b. Direct exposure to other cultures
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 3

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
DIRECTION: Answer the question using 30-50 words only.
1. Why do you think people from Luzon look down on people from Visayas and
Mindanao?
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2. How do Davaoenos treat foreign students (Indians, Koreans, Chinese)? Do they
treat them differently? How?
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RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 4

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding

DIRECTION: Answer the question using 50-80 words only.

1. In this time of crisis, is it justifiable to blame the Chinese in the spread of COVID-
19 pandemic? Why? Why not?
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RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 5

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
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LESSON 3 ASPECTS OF CULTURE

ACTIVITY 6

TIMEFRAME: WEEK 3
LC: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
DIRECTION: Answer the question using 30-50 words only.
1. How does enculturation affect our OFWs?
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2. How can we be proud of our culture without resorting to demeaning other
cultures?
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RUBRIC FOR ANSWERING
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS OBTAINED

The content was well-thought of;

the questions were thoroughly
Content answered 7

The answer was well-written with

Organization ideas easily conveyed to readers. 7

Development Points are thoroughly developed 6

TOTAL: 20 POINTS
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice
DIRECTION: Please encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. These are the conceptions and ideas of man regarding his environment.
a. beliefs
b. values
c. norms
d. laws
2. It is anything that has meaning and represents something else.
a. signal
b. symbols
c. status
d. society
3. It includes the cultural patters that are broadly in line with a society's cultural
ideas and values.
a. mainstream culture
b. subculture
c. counterculture
d. low culture
4. This refers to the cultural patterns that distinguish the society's elite.
a. mainstream culture
b. subculture
c. counterculture
d. high culture
5. This refers to the cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular with most people
in society.
a. mainstream culture
b. counterculture
c. subculture
d. low culture
6. This refers to the cultural patterns that set apart segment of a society's
population.
a. mainstream culture
b. subculture
c. counterculture
d. low culture
7. It pushes back on mainstream culture in an attempt to change how society
functions.
a. mainstream culture
b. subculture
c. couterculture
d. low culture
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8. This sees one culture as superior than the other.

a. multiculturalism
b. cultural relativism
c. ethnocentrism
d. culturalism
9. This recognizes cultural diversity while advocating for equal standing for all
cultural traditions.
a. multiculturalism
b. ethnocetrism
c. culturalism
d. functionalism
10. it is given at birth or assigned later in life.
a. prescribed
b. ascribed
c. achieved
d. subscribed
B. Write T if the statement is True, F if the statement is False.

_____1. Under symbolic interactionism, all social life and social institutions are
constantly changing.
_____2. Mechanical Solidarity is a form of social diversity that arises when people in a
society maintain similar values, beliefs and engage in similar types of work
_____3. Social Consensus is a form of agreement between the government and citizen
to achieve what is best for society as a whole.
_____4. Social Conflict believes that there is disproportionate distribution of power,
wealth and privilege in the society.
_____5. George Mead proposes three tenets under Symbolic Interactionism one of the
tenets is: Not all meanings are permanent, it can be changed.
_____6. Structural Functionalism sees society as composed of different integral parts
and these parts play a vital role in keeping the society in-tact and functioning.
_____7. Social Conflict perspective is based on Karl Marx studies about different social
groups or classes existing in a society.
_____8. Symbolic Interactionism is a macro level of analysis that focuses on the
symbols and face-to-face interactions of people
_____9. According to Robert Merton human has two functions one of these is the Latent
function which shows the intentional or obvious functions of a person in a society.
_____10. According to Functionalist Perspective, for society to exist, structure must also
exist.
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PERFORMANCE TASK

SLOGAN-MAKING
Create a slogan that reflects the idea of CULTURAL UDERSTANDING. You
may use coloring materials as well as any handwriting materials in the creation of your
slogan. You may use the space provided below:
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RUBRIC FOR CHECKING

Criteria 10 7 4
Originality The slogan uses The slogan uses The slogan uses a
new ideas; the new ideas, but the borrowed idea,
theme is reflected theme is vaguely while the theme is
clearly reflected. ambiguously
reflected.
Creativity The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is
created decently created, created well, but
exceptionally, incorporating lacks artistic
incorporating artistic methods methods that
artistic methods that highlight the highlight the theme.
that highlight the theme.
theme.
Mechanics There are no There is 1 There are 2
(Correctness of misspelled words misspelled word misspelled words
grammar and nor grammatical and 1 grammatical and 2 grammatical
spelling) errors error. errors.
TOTAL SCORE:______/30
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END OF
MODULE 1