REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

NORTHERN NEGROS STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
OLD SAGAY, SAGAY CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
(034)722-4169/www.nonescost.edu.com

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND

ALLIED HEALTHSCIENCES
COURSE MODULE IN

PHARMACOLOGY IN
NURSING
st
1 Semester; A.Y. 2021 – 2022
COURSE FACILITATOR: Guevarra Clan S. Bautista, RN
FB/MESSENGER: Clark Bautista
Email: [email protected]
Phone No: 09502372486

MODULE
1
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 VISION

SUN-NEGROS: A glocally recognized university offering distinctively – niched academic

programs engaged in dynamic quality instruction, research and extension by 2025.

MISSION

To produce glocally viable graduates through innovative learning and research environment and

to contribute to nation – building by providing education, training, research and resource

creation opportunities in various technical and disciplinal areas.

GOAL

UPGRADEd instruction, research, extension and governance for glocal recognition.

INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES

1. Demonstrate logical thinking, critical judgment and independent decision-making on any

confronting situations
2. Demonstrate necessary knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes expected of one’s
educational level and field of discipline
3. Exhibit necessary knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes in research
4. Exhibit proactive and collaborative attributes in diverse fields
5. Manifest abilities and willingness to work well with others either in the practice of one’s
profession or community involvement without compromising legal and ethical
responsibilities and accountabilities.

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PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES

CHED BS Nursing Program Outcomes:

The program shall produce a graduate who can:

1. Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural and health sciences and humanities in the practice of
nursing.
2. Provide safe, appropriate and holistic care to individuals, families, population groups and communities
utilizing nursing process.
3. Apply guidelines and principles of evidence-based practice in the delivery of care in any setting.
4. Practice nursing in accordance with existing laws, legal, ethical and moral principles.
5. Communicate effectively in writing, speaking and presenting using culturally-appropriate language.
6. Document and report on client care accurately and comprehensively.
7. Work effectively in teams, in collaboration with other disciplines and multi-cultural teams.
8. Practice beginning management and leadership skills in the delivery of client care.
9. Conduct research with experienced researcher.
10. Engage in lifelong learning with a passion to keep current with national and global developments in
general, and nursing and health developments in particular.
11. Demonstrate responsible citizenship and pride being a Filipino.
12. Apply techno-intelligent care systems
13. Adopt the nursing core values
14. Apply entrepreneurial skills

NONESCOST BS Nursing Program Outcomes:

The program shall produce a graduate who can:
1. Deliver safe and quality client centered care observing oral and ethico-legal principles in the
application of the nursing process in any given situation.
2. Manage and deliver health programs and services in any health care setting utilizing appropriate
mechanism for networking, linkage and referrals.
3. Engage in nursing research and utilize scientific and evidenced-base knowledge which promote and
maintain quality improvement of client-centered care.

Warm greetings!

Welcome to the second semester of School Year 2020-2021! Welcome to the College of
Arts and Sciences and welcome to NONESCOST!

Despite of all the happenings around us, there is still so much to be thankful for and one
of these is the opportunity to continue learning.

You are right now browsing your course module in GE103, The Contemporary World. As
you read on, you will have an overview of the course, the content, requirements and
other related information regarding the course. The module is made up of 3 lessons.
Each lesson has seven parts:

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 INTRODUCTION- Overview of t he
lesson

LEARNING OUTCOMES- Lesson objectives for you to ponder on

MOTIVATION- Fuels you to go on

PRESENTATION- A smooth transition to the lesson

TEACHING POINTS- Collection of ideas that you must discover

LEARNING ACTIVITIES – To measure your learnings in the lesson where you wandered

ASSESSMENT – To test your understanding in the lesson you discovered

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Please read your modules and learn the concepts by heart. It would help you prepare to
be effective and efficient professional in your respective fields. You can explore more of
the concepts by reading the references and the supplementary readings.

I encourage you to get in touch with me in case you may encounter problems while
studying your modules. Keep a constant and open communication. Use your real names
in your FB accounts or messenger so I can recognize you based on the list of officially
enrolled students in the course. I would be very glad to assist you in your journey.
Furthermore, I would also suggest that you build a workgroup among your classmates.
Participate actively in our discussion board or online discussion if possible and submit
your outputs/requirements on time. You may submit them online through email and
messenger. You can also submit hard copies. Place them in short size bond paper inside
a short plastic envelop with your names and submit them in designated pick-up areas.

I hope that you will find this course interesting and fun. I hope to know more of your
experiences, insights, challenges and difficulties in learning as we go along this course. I
am very positive that we will successfully meet the objectives of the course.

May you continue to find inspiration to become a great professional. Keep safe and God
bless!

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 Course Outline in Pharmacology in Nursing
Course
HENCM 106
Number
Course Title Pharmacology in Nursing
This course deals with pharmacodynamics, pharmakokinetics,
clinical/therapeutic uses and toxicology of drugs. Emphasis is given
on how a drug works to anticipate when giving a drug to a patient are
Course
of paramount importance since nursing responsibilities include
Description
administering drugs, assessing drug effects, intervening to make a
drug more tolerable, and providing teaching about drugs and the drug
regimen.
No. of Units 3 units
Pre-requisites None
At the end of the course and given relevant actual or simulated
situations/conditions, the student will be able to:
1. Apply concepts and principles of pharmacology to ensure safe and
Course
proper use of drugs
Intended
2. Explain the actions, therapeutic uses, preparations, dosages,
Learning
modes of administration of selected drugs and medicinal plants.
Outcomes
3. State precautionary measures to be observed in the administration
of selected drugs
4. Discuss the role and responsibility of the nurse in pharmacology
Content Module 1
Coverage Lesson 1
A. Introduction to Nursing Pharmacology
1.Introduction to drugs
a. Drugs and the body
b. Toxic effects of drugs
c. Nursing management
d. Dosage calculations
2. Chemotherapeutic Agents
a. Anti-infective agents
b. Antibiotics
c. Antiviral agents
d. Antifungal agents
e. Antiprotozoal agents
f. Antihelmintic agents
g. Antineoplastic agents
Lesson 2
3. Drugs acting on the immune system
a. Anti-inflammatory agents
b. Immune modulators
c. Vaccines and sera
4. Drugs acting on the CNS and PNS
a. Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents
b. Antidepressant agents
c. Psychotherapeutic
d. Antiepileptic agents
e. Antiparkinsonism agents
f. Muscle relaxants
g. Narcotics and anti-migraine drugs
h. General and local anesthetics
i. Neuromuscular blocking agents
Lesson 3
5. Drugs acting on the ANS
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 a. Adrenergic agents
b. Adrenergic blocking agents
c. Cholinergic agents
d. Cholinergic blocking agents
Module 2
Lesson 1
6. Drugs acting on endocrine system
a. Hypothalamic and pituitary agents
b. Adrenocortical agents
c. Thyroid and parathyroid agents
d. Antidiabetic agents
Lesson 2
7. Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system
a. Anti-hypertensive drugs
b. Cardiotonic agents
c. Anti-arrhythmic agents
d. Antianginal agents
e. Lipid lowering agents
f. Drugs affecting blood c oagulation
g. Drugs used to treat anemia
8. Drugs acting on Renal System
a. Diuretics such as potassium-sparing, potassium-losing,
osmotic diuretics, parenteral fluids (hypotonic,
hypertonic, isotonic), electrolytes (sodium, potassium
chloride)
Module 3
Lesson 1
9. Drugs acting on the respiratory system
a. Bronchodilators
b. Expectorants
c. Antitussive
10. Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal System
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS:

REFERENCES:

TEXTBOOK:
References OTHER REFERENCES:

ONLINE REFERENCES:

FILMS:

Quiz
Examination
Course
Activities
Requirements Outputs
Online Engagement
Prepared by: GUEVARRA CLAN S. BAUTISTA, RN

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 Reviewed and Approved by:

Subject Area Coordinator: NATASHA KAY V. CHAN, RN, MN

Dean, CAS : AILEEN G. SYPONGCO, RN, RM, MN

GAD Director : JACKIELEE ANACLETO, LPT MEd

CIMD, Chairperson : MA. JANET S. GEROSO, LPT, Ph. D.

QA Director : DONNA FE V. TOLEDO, LPT, Ed. D.

VP- Academic Affairs : SAMSON M. LAUSA, Ph. D.

Declaration of Copyright Protection

This course module is an official document of Northern Negros State

College of Science and Technology under its Learning Continuity Plan on Flexible

Teaching-Learning modalities.

Quotations from, contractions, reproductions, and uploading of all or any

part of this module is not authorized without the permission from the faculty-author

and from the NONESCOST.

This module shall be used for instructional purposes only.

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 MODULE 1

LESSO
N

2 PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING
5
HOURS

 This module deals with the study of the drugs and the responsibility of the nurse in drug
administration including the possible effects of the drugs to the patient. As students you
must understand the importance of our role in drug administration and the proper
techniques of giving them.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

a. Familiarize the action of the drugs to the patient
b. Define terminologies use in pharmacology
c. Determine drug to drug interaction
d. Administer drug as safe and painless as possible
e. Observe 10 rights in medication administration

Calculate the following drug situation:

Order: Aminophylline 50mg IV infusion q12 hours

Stock: 25mg per ml in 10 ml ampule

Order: 100mg paracetamol IVTT q4 hours RTC x 24 hours

Stock: 150mg/ml in 2ml ampule

Order: 10mg metoclopramide IVTT q12 hours prn for vomiting

Stock: 5mg/ml in 2 ml ampule

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Dispersible or Effervescent Tablets

 Designed to be added to water just prior to swallowing.

 They are frequently quite large.
Example: N-Acetylcysteine in 200mg powder for suspension and 600mg Effervescent Tablet

Enteric Coated Tablets

 A special coating to prevent the medication from dissolving in the stomach and passing through
to the intestine where it is dissolved and absorbed. The term ‘enteric’ refers to the small intestine
and implies that the medication will move from the stomach to the small intestine before it
dissolves

Tablet Triturates
 Small, usually cylindrical tablets (prepared by minimal amount of pressure) containing small
amounts of potent drugs with a combination of sucrose and lactose as diluents. They must be
readily and completely soluble in water and are administered orally or sublingually (e.g.
nitroglycerin tablets)

Vaginal Pessaries/Inserts
 Uncoated and bullet or ovoid-shaped tablets which are inserted into the vagina for localized effect

Extended-Release Dosage Forms

 Medicines involve the medicine being mixed into a matrix that dissolves slowly over time, making
sure both that the person doesn't get too much of the substance at once and that the amount
being released stays relatively constant over time

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Equipment in Medication Administration
 Unit Dose/Single Dose
 Souffle Cup
 Medication Cup
 Medicine Dropper
 Teaspoon
 Oral Syringe
 Nipple

Single Dose

Souffle Cup and Medication Cup

Oral Syringe

Dropper

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Teaspoon

Commonly Used Measurement Equivalent

Household Measurement Apothecary Measurement Metric Measurement

2 tablespoon 1 oz 30 ml

1 tablespoon ½ oz 15 ml

2 teaspoon 1/3 oz 10 ml

1 teaspoon 1/6 oz 5 ml

Parts of the Syringe

Types of Injections

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Administering an Intravenous Medication

Administering an Intramuscular Medication

Routes of Administration

Route of Administration Characteristics

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 Oral Most convenient, but first-pass effect may be significant

Intravenous Most rapid onset

Intramuscular May be painful, but large volumes often feasible

Subcutaneous May be painful, smaller volumes than IM

Rectal Less first-pass effect than oral

Inhalation Often very rapid onset

Transdermal Used for lack of first-pass effect and prolonged

duration of action (very slow absorption)

Enteral Routes of Administration

 Involves the esophagus, stomach and small and large intestines (i.e.the gastrointestinal
tract).

 Methods of administration include oral, sublingual, gastric, feeding tube, gastrostomy and
rectal.

Parenteral Routes of Administration

 Defined as non-enteral or non-oral; therefore, strictly speaking, the term parenteral includes all
products administered other than by the GIT route.

Topical Administration
 Main route of administration to provide a local effect.
 Topical preparations may be applied to the skin (epicutaneous), mouth (e.g. sublingual), nose,
oropharynx (onto the throat), cornea, ear, urethra, vagina or rectum.

Pain Management/Analgesics
Frequently Used Medications:
• Local Anaesthetics
• Non-opioid analgesics
– Paracetamol
– Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
– Gama aminobutyic acid (GABA) analogues
– Tricyclic antidepressants
– Antispasmodic, e.g. Hyoscine or Baclofen (a GABA derivative)
• Opioid analgesics (including synthetic opioids)
• Weak/strong

Pain Receptor and Source of Pain

 COX-1 is an inflammatory prostaglandin pathway, initiated in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract when
the mucus membrane lining the GI tract is damaged.

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  The pathway most closely associated with pain is COX-2. Very few NSAIDs are COX-2-specific.
Most NSAIDs disrupt both COX-1 and COX-2

Inflammatory Mediator Response

Local Anesthesia
 Cause a reversible blockade of conduction along nerve fibers.
Examples: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Prilocaine

Non-Opioid Analgesic
 Paracetamol/Acetaminophen
Considered a ‘weak’ analgesic and it is often administered in combination with opioid
or NSAID analgesics
Example: Biogesic, Tempra, Calpol
Dose: 500mg tablet, 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml, 300mg ampule
Administration: Every 4 to 6 hours, can be given anytime in 24 hours

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

 Acute pain from surgery or a traumatic injury involving damage to skin, tissues (including bone)
and hollow organs is largely provoked by the inflammatory response.
 Drugs specifically targeted at reducing inflammation provides effective analgesia
 Inflammatory response leads to an elevation in body temperature, anti-inflammatory drugs are
also very effective anti- pyretic
Examples: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Celecoxib
 NSAIDs are prostaglandin inhibitors- Key contributor to mechanisms increasing the experience of
pain-blocking the activity of your prostaglandin causes analgesic effect.

Aspirin
 Acetylsalicylic acid
 Identified in the late nineteenth century, but its mode of action was only recognized in the 1970s
 Not licensed for use in children because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome which can result in fatal
liver and neurological damage
 Most frequently administered orally; it can also be administered per rectum and is well absorbed
from the GI tract

Dosage/Aspirin

 Because of the risk of GI disturbance, oral Aspirin should always be taken with food.
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  Mild to moderate pain and fever 325–650 mg, repeated every 4–6 hours, Maximum daily
dose 4g.
 As an anti-inflammatory (for arthritis pain), 3000–5000 mg daily in equally divided doses
4–6 hours.
 As an anti-embolic (in cardiovascular disease), 75 mg (enteric coated) once daily.

Ibuprofen
 Very popular over-the-counter medication for the treatment of mild to moderate pain; it is
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic.
 Has lesser side effects than aspirin
 Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration, peak plasma concentration
occurs within 1–2 h of administration.
 Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the renal system
 After 24 hours of the last dose, the drug is completely eliminated

Ibuprofen Dosing
 For mild to moderate pain, 200–400 mg 4–6 h.
 As an anti-inflammatory, 400–800 mg 3–4 times daily.

Diclofenac
 Introduced in the UK in 1979, initially as a prescription-only medicine, became available as an
over-the-counter preparation since 2008
 Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic analgesic
 Dosing: Oral 75–150 mg/day in 2–3 divided doses
Topical preparations
1% cream
3% gel
Eye drops

Intravenous Administration
 Intravenous infusion 75 mg repeated, when necessary after 4–6 h, for a maximum of
2 days.
 Post-operatively, immediately after surgery: 25–50 mg over 15–60 min, then 5 mg for a
maximum of 2 days.
 For acute pain, for example, post-operative pain; deep I.M (gluteal) injection 75 mg once
daily for a maximum of 2 days.
 For ureteric colic, deep I.M (gluteal) injection 75 mg, then a second dose after 30 min, if
necessary.
 Per rectum suppositories 75–150 mg daily in divided doses

Diclofenac
 The maximum total daily dose by any route is 150 mg.

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  Diclofenac is contraindicated in patients with congestive cardiac failure, neuro-vascular,
cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease.

COX-2 Specific NSAID

 Long-term use of NSAIDs presents significant risks, mainly associated with GI erosion
and bleeding. A COX-2-specific inhibitor drug which would only target the production of
prostaglandins associated with pain was initially welcomed.

Celexocib
 Most recent NSAIDs, Celecoxib, is a COX-2-specific anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic
analgesic.
 Dose:
A. Osteoarthritis: 100 mg twice daily or a single dose of 200 mg daily.
B. Rheumatoid arthritis: 200–400 mg daily in two divided doses.

Contraindications to Celecoxib
 Contraindicated in patients with congestive cardiac failure, neurovascular, cardiovascular
or peripheral vascular disease
 Guidance about all NSAIDs recommends that the lowest possible drug dose is
prescribed for the shortest length of time to achieve analgesia and that patients are
regularly monitored

Opioid Analgesic
 Identified as weak or strong
 Number of natural and synthetic
Synthetic- Aims to eliminate the effects of the natural opioid also act upon the GI tract,
inhibiting enteric nerves, leading to reduced gut motility and constipation
 Respiratory depression is common
Antidote: Naloxone (Narcan)

Natural Opioids
 Codeine
 Morphine
 Papaverine
 Diamorphine Hydrochloride- Derived from heating morphine with acetic anhydride, more
potent and more lipid soluble; penetrates CNS; shorter half-life

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1. Quiz Given Via Google Form
2. Make an essay regarding your academic experiences during COVID19 Pandemic
(you can submit your answer in handwritten or typewritten format)

Class Policy

 Students are encouraged to attend their online classes as much as possible

 Consultation hours will be provided
 Modules shall be submitted a week after it was given
 Make reading a habit
 Always pray
 Student should message the instructor if there are concerns

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