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AD Mohamed Shimash Siraj

database design development (ESOFT Metro Campus)

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Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title BITEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit 30 – Application Development
Unit(s)
Inventory Control Application for BAUHINIA
Assignment title

Student’s name
Pass Merit Distinction

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
• Constructive? Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment criteria? Y/N
• Identifying opportunities for Y/N
improved performance?
• Agreeing actions? Y/N
Does the assessment decision need
Y/N
amending?

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if required)
Date

Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken
Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature
Programme Leader
Date
signature (if required)

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Mohamed Shimash Siraj / COL-00082524

Unit Title Unit 30 – Application Development

Assignment Number 01 Assessor

Date Received
Submission Date
1st submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Produce a Software Design Document by analysing a business-related problem and deduce an
appropriate solution including a set of initial requirements
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1
Descripts
LO2 Use design and development methodologies with tools and techniques associated with the
creation of a business application
Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 M2 D1
Descripts
LO3 Work individually and as part of a team to plan and produce a functional business application
with support documentation
Pass, Merit & Distinction P4 P5 M3 M4 D2
Descripts
LO4 Evaluate the performance of a business application against its Software Design Document
and initial requirements

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

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Pearson Higher Nationals in

Computing
Unit 30 – Application Development

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General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use
previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.
3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.
4. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.
5. Allow 1” for top, bottom, right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.

Word Processing Rules

1. The font size should be 12 point, and should be in the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.
4. Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and
Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any
reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing your
assignment.

Important Points:

1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the
compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the body
except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in rejection of your work.
2. Avoid using page borders in your assignment body.
3. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late
submissions will not be accepted.
4. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
5. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.
6. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
7. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness,
you may apply (in writing) for an extension.
8. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .
9. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic RE FERRAL. You will
then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.
10. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using
HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation
and a reference list.
11. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be
reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course

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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it
as my own without attributing the sources in the correct form. I further understand what it means to
copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiarise or copy another’s work in any of
the assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspect of my program, will
be my own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source
in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a
binding agreement between myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document
is not attached to the assignment.

Student’s Signature: Date:

([email protected]) ()

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Higher National Diploma in Business

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number Mohamed Shimash Siraj / COL-00082524

Unit Number and Title Unit 30: Application Development

Academic Year 2021/22

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Inventory Control Application for BAUHINIA

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission format

The submission should be in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a
concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use
of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with
research. You must provide in-text citations and the reference list using Harvard referencing
system.

The recommended word count is 4,000–4,500 words excluding annexures..

Minimum word count – 4,000
Maximum word count – 4,500
Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Produce a Software Design Document by analysing a business-related problem and deduce an appropriate solution
including a set of initial requirements.
LO2 Use design and development methodologies with tools and techniques associated with the
creation of a business application.
LO3 Work individually and as part of a team to plan and produce a functional business application
with support documentation.
LO4 Evaluate the performance of a business application against its Software Design Document
and initial requirements

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Assignment Brief and Guidance:

BAUHINIA is a clothing brand in Sri Lanka, founded in 2018, which has come a long way, offering
Sri Lankans with great designs of a variety of clothing. Currently, BAUHINIA is handling orders
through social media networks such as Facebook and Instagram. Customers can message
BAUHINIA requesting an item/s by sending the item code, size and required quantity. If the item
is available, the customer is required to send the delivery address, contact number to confirm the
order. The package with the required item/s will be delivered to the customer’s doorstep within
3 to 5 working days, after which he/she must pay cash on delivery.
Over the years, BAUHINIA has grown steadily mainly due to its popularity over social media.
However, they are finding it increasingly difficult to cope up with paperwork associated with
inventory management due to the increased of number of orders through message requests. The
Managing Director is frustrated by the problems associated with inventory management and has
decided that BAUHINIA will consult a Software Development Company to automate the workflow
of BAUHINIA Clothing.
AKL Software (AKL) is a software development consultant. AKL has purpose-built rooms for
Facilitated Workshops and Agile software development projects. The Managing Director of
BAUHINIA has decided to contract AKL for the development of the new order tracking system
using an Agile development approach.

The new online solution will replace the old approach and is likely to include some of the following
functionality:
 Customer Registration and sign-in : Allow customers to register free. At the time of
registration, customers need to provide name, email address, delivery address, password
and two working telephone numbers. Registered customers can sign-in using email
address and password.
 Browse for products: through product catalog, check availability and add products to
cart.
 Checkout products: Total amount to be paid will be shown. Customer will be redirected
to confirm billing details: Name, delivery address, email address, two contact numbers.
Payment method will be cash on delivery.
 Staff registration and sign-in.
 Create a daily report of orders that have been requested – carried out by the Production
Manager.
 Create a daily report of product availability- carried out by Production Manager.
 Add new items to inventory, update existing item details – carried out by Inventory
handling Clerk.
 Create a monthly Income report- carried out of chief Accountant.

The new online solution should have the following levels of access:
 Report only

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 Update only
 Update and delete
 Complete system access

Activity 1

1.1 Produce a well-defined Problem definition statement supported by a set of user and System
requirements for the above scenario. Identify areas (if any) of risk that might affect the
successful completion of the application.

1.2 Produce a well-structured Software Design Document that defines a proposed solution for
BAUHINIA by exploring and analyzing their business problem. Include relevant details on
requirements, system analysis, and system design. (propose a suitable language)

Activity 2

Investigate the use of software development tools and techniques for the chosen software
solution. Compare the investigated tools and techniques and justify the chosen tools, technique
and methodology that you may use for the development of an Inventory Control Application for
BAUHINIA.

Activity 3

3.1 Create a presentation to review followings;

 Business application
 Problem definition statement
 Proposed solution
 Development strategy

Conduct a peer-review and identify opportunities that were not previously considered by
interpreting the recorded feedback.

3.2 Develop a business application with support documentation, based on the Software Design
Document produced in activity 1, along with supportive evidence for using the preferred tools,
techniques and methodologies investigated in activity 2. Assess new ideas or possible
improvements to the system developed while justifying the reasons for including/not including
them in the application developed.

Activity 4

Conduct a critical review for the design, development, and testing stages of the Inventory
Control application by analyzing the factors that influence its performance against the problem
definition statement and initial requirements. Conclude the review by reflectively discussing the
risks identified at the beginning and critically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the
application developed. Identify and justify the opportunities for improvement and further
development of the application you developed.

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Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Produce a Software Design Document by analysing a

business-related problem and deduce an appropriate solution
including a set of initial requirements.

P1 Explore a business related problem and produce a well-defined

Problem Definition Statement supported by a set of user and system
requirements.
P2 Determine any areas of risk related to the successful
completion of your application.

M1 Analyse a business related problem using appropriate methods

and produce a well-structured Software Design Document that
defines a proposed solution and includes relevant details on
requirements, system analysis, system design, coding, testing and
implementation.

LO2 Use design and development methodologies with tools

and techniques associated with the creation of a business
application.

P3 Research the use of software development tools and techniques

and identify any that have been selected for the development of this
application.

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M2 Compare the differences between the various software

development tools and techniques researched and justify your
preferred selection as well as your preferred software development
methodology.

LO1 & LO2

Justify your solution to a business-related problem and your
preferred software development methodology, by comparing
between the various software development tools and techniques
researched.

LO3 Work individually and as part of a team to plan and

produce a functional business application with support
documentation.

P4 Create a formal presentation that effectively reviews your

business application, problem definition statement, proposed
solution and development strategy. Use this presentation as part of
a peer-review and document any feedback given.

P5 Develop a functional business application with support

documentation based on a specified business problem.
M3 Interpret your peer review feedback and identify opportunities
not previously considered.

M4 Develop a functional business application based on a specific

Software Design Document with supportive evidence of using the
preferred tools, techniques and methodologies.
D2 Evaluate any new insights, ideas or potential improvements to
your system and justify the reasons why you have chosen to include
(or not to include) them as part of this business application.

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LO4 Evaluate the performance of a business application

against its Software Design Document and initial requirements.

P6 Review the performance of your business application against the

Problem Definition Statement and initial requirements.

M5 Analyse the factors that influence the performance of a business

application and use them to undertake a critical review of the
design, development, and testing stages of your application.
Conclude your review by reflectively discussing your previously
identified risks.
D3 Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of your business
application and fully justify opportunities for improvement and
further development.

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Acknowledgement
In order to do my duty, I needed the guidance and help of a few reputable individuals, who
have my deepest gratitude. As completing this job brought me great delight, I would want to
express my gratitude to the course facilitator on the E soft metro campus for providing me with
excellent guidelines for the task through numerous talks. I also want to express my gratitude to
everyone who helped me write this task, both directly and indirectly. In addition, I'd want to
express my gratitude to my professor, for providing me with the direction, inspiration, and
warmth I needed to complete this task. Having him as my professor has been a great joy and
privilege. Second, I want to express my sincere gratitude to every member of my family.
Without their assistance, it would not be able to complete this job. I especially want to thank
all of my friends. May God grant the aforementioned individuals success and honor in their
lives.

Yours sincerely,
Mohamed Shimash Siraj

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INVENTORY CONTROL
APPLICATION FOR BAUHINIA

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... 12

List of Figure............................................................................................................................ 17

List of Table ............................................................................................................................. 20

Overview .................................................................................................................................. 21

Activity 1 ................................................................................................................................. 22

1.1 Produce a well-defined Problem definition statement supported by a set of user and
System requirements for the above scenario. Identify areas (if any) of risk that might affect
the successful completion of the application........................................................................ 22

1.1 Explore a business-related problem and produce a well-defined Problem Definition

Statement supported by a set of user and system requirements. ...................................... 22

1.1.1 Problem Statement of the Bauhinia and the 5Ws Technique Defined .................... 22

1.1.2 Problem Statement of the BAUHINIA Company ................................................... 23

1.1.3 User Requirements and System Requirements ........................................................ 24

1.1.4 User Access Levels .................................................................................................. 29

1.1.5 Risk Defined ............................................................................................................ 30

1.1.6 Risks related to the development of Bauhinia application ...................................... 32

1.2 Produce a well-structured Software Design Document that defines a proposed solution
for BAUHINIA by exploring and analyzing their business problem. Include relevant details
on requirements, system analysis, and system design. (Propose a suitable language) ........ 37

1.2.1 Methods to Analyze Business Related Problems .................................................... 37

1.2.2 Software Design Documents ................................................................................... 45

Activity 2 ................................................................................................................................. 54

Investigate the use of software development tools and techniques for the chosen software
solution. Compare the investigated tools and techniques and justify the chosen tools,
technique and methodology that you may use for the development of an Inventory Control
Application for BAUHINIA................................................................................................. 54

2.1 Software development tools and techniques and identify any suitable tool or
technique that you may select for the development of this application............................ 54

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2.1.1 Web Server Software ............................................................................................... 55

2.1.2 Database Servers...................................................................................................... 56

2.1.3 Programming Languages ......................................................................................... 59

2.1.4 Front End Web Development Frameworks ............................................................. 65

2.1.5 Back End Web Development Frameworks ............................................................. 67

2.1.6 IDE........................................................................................................................... 70

2.1.7 CSS Frameworks ..................................................................................................... 73

2.2 Compare the differences between various software development tools and techniques
researched. Justify your preferred selection and preferred software development
methodology. .................................................................................................................... 76

2.2.1 Comparison of Data Bases ...................................................................................... 76

2.2.2 Comparison of Programming Languages ................................................................ 77

2.2.3 Comparison of Front-End Frameworks ................................................................... 78

2.2.4 Comparison of IDEs ................................................................................................ 79

2.2.5 Comparison of Webserver Software........................................................................ 81

2.3 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom-built website. Justify your
preferred selection of tools and techniques in deducing an appropriate solution to a
business-related problem. ................................................................................................. 93

2.3.1 Web Server Software ............................................................................................... 93

2.3.2 Front End Frameworks ............................................................................................ 93

2.3.3 Programming Languages ......................................................................................... 94

2.3.4 Database Management System ................................................................................ 95

2.3.5 IDE........................................................................................................................... 96

2.3.6 Development Methodologies ................................................................................... 97

Activity 3 ................................................................................................................................. 98

3.1 Create a presentation to review followings .................................................................... 98

3.1.1 Presentations about problem definition statement, proposed solution and the
development strategy of business application. ................................................................. 98

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3.1.2 Feed back ............................................................................................................... 106

3.2 Develop a business application with support documentation, based on the Software
Design Document produced in activity 1, along with supportive evidence for using the
preferred tools, techniques and methodologies investigated in activity 2. Assess new ideas
or possible improvements to the system developed while justifying the reasons for
including/not including them in the application developed. .............................................. 109

3.2.1 System Interfaces ................................................................................................... 109

3.2.2 Assess new ideas or possible improvements to the System Developed while
justifying the reasons for including/not including them in the application developed. .. 131

3.2.2.1 Future Improvements .......................................................................................... 131

3.2.2.2 Future Improvements .......................................................................................... 131

Activity 4 ............................................................................................................................... 133

Conduct a critical review for the design, development, and testing stages of the Inventory
Control application by analyzing the factors that influence its performance against the
problem definition statement and initial requirements. Conclude the review by reflectively
discussing the risks identified at the beginning and critically evaluating the strengths and
weaknesses of the application developed. Identify and justify the opportunities for
improvement and further development of the application you developed. ........................ 133

4.1 Evaluate the Performance of a Business Application Against its Software Design
Document and Initial Requirements. .............................................................................. 133

4.1.1 User Requirements ................................................................................................ 133

4.1.2 System Requirements ............................................................................................ 137

4.1.3 Other Features........................................................................................................ 138

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 140

Self-Criticism ......................................................................................................................... 141

Gantt chart .............................................................................................................................. 142

References .............................................................................................................................. 143

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List of Figure
Figure 1 5Ws Technique .......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2 User Requirements .................................................................................................... 25
Figure 3 System Requirements ................................................................................................ 29
Figure 4 Risk Defined .............................................................................................................. 31
Figure 5 VMOST Analysis ...................................................................................................... 37
Figure 6 SWOT Analysis Defined ........................................................................................... 39
Figure 7 SOAR Analysis Defined............................................................................................ 40
Figure 8 Boston Matrix Defined .............................................................................................. 42
Figure 9 Porters 5 Forces Model Defined ................................................................................ 43
Figure 10 Gannt Chart for the Order tracking System ............................................................. 53
Figure 11 Software development ............................................................................................. 54
Figure 12 XAMPP Server ........................................................................................................ 55
Figure 13 WAMP Server ......................................................................................................... 56
Figure 14 MySQL .................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 15 PostgreSQL.............................................................................................................. 57
Figure 16 MSSQL .................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 17 SQLite...................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 18 MS Access ............................................................................................................... 59
Figure 19 Java Script ............................................................................................................... 59
Figure 20 Java .......................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 21 Python ...................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 22 PhP ........................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 23 C++ .......................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 24 C Programming ....................................................................................................... 64
Figure 25 Angular .................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 26 React ........................................................................................................................ 65
Figure 27 Vue .......................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 28 Ember ...................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 29 Polymer.................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 30 Laravel ..................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 31 CakePHP.................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 32 Ruby on Rails .......................................................................................................... 68

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Figure 33 Django ..................................................................................................................... 68

Figure 34 ASP.NET ................................................................................................................. 69
Figure 35 CodeIgniter .............................................................................................................. 69
Figure 36 Sublime Text ........................................................................................................... 70
Figure 37 Visual Studio Code .................................................................................................. 71
Figure 38 Atom ........................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 39 Vim .......................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 40 Brackets ................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 41 Bootstrap.................................................................................................................. 74
Figure 42 Foundation ............................................................................................................... 74
Figure 43 Pure the lightweight CSS framework ...................................................................... 75
Figure 44 Materialize CSS ....................................................................................................... 75
Figure 45 Milligram - A minimalist CSS framework .............................................................. 75
Figure 46 Comparison of Data Bases ...................................................................................... 76
Figure 47 Comparison of Programming Languages ................................................................ 77
Figure 48 Comparison of Front-End Frameworks ................................................................... 78
Figure 49 Agile Methodology.................................................................................................. 82
Figure 50 Extreme Programming............................................................................................. 83
Figure 51 SCRUM ................................................................................................................... 84
Figure 52 FDD Methodology................................................................................................... 85
Figure 53 Lean Methodology................................................................................................... 86
Figure 54 Waterfall Methodology ........................................................................................... 89
Figure 55 Rapid application development ............................................................................... 90
Figure 56 Agile Vs Lean .......................................................................................................... 91
Figure 57 Scrum Vs Lean ........................................................................................................ 92
Figure 58 Overview ................................................................................................................. 98
Figure 59 Starting Page ............................................................................................................ 98
Figure 60 User Requirements .................................................................................................. 99
Figure 61 Problem of the Company ......................................................................................... 99
Figure 62 User Access Level ................................................................................................. 100
Figure 63 System Requirements ............................................................................................ 100
Figure 64 Goals ...................................................................................................................... 100
Figure 65 Proposed Solution.................................................................................................. 101
Figure 66 Existing Solution ................................................................................................... 101
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Figure 67 DFD Diagram ........................................................................................................ 102

Figure 68 Use case Diagram .................................................................................................. 102
Figure 69 Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................. 103
Figure 70 Sitemap .................................................................................................................. 103
Figure 71 Tools & Techniques Used ..................................................................................... 104
Figure 72 Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................. 104
Figure 73 Thanking Page ....................................................................................................... 105
Figure 74 Feedback ............................................................................................................... 105
Figure 75 Feedback questions................................................................................................ 106
Figure 76 Response of the feedback 1 ................................................................................... 107
Figure 77 Response of the feedback 2 ................................................................................... 107
Figure 78 Response of the feedback 3 ................................................................................... 108
Figure 79 Login page ............................................................................................................. 109
Figure 80 Signup page ........................................................................................................... 110
Figure 81 Dashboard .............................................................................................................. 111
Figure 82 View product page ................................................................................................. 112
Figure 83 View product page 3 .............................................................................................. 113
Figure 84 View product page 2 .............................................................................................. 114
Figure 85 Place order page .................................................................................................... 115
Figure 86 Wish list page ........................................................................................................ 116
Figure 87 my orders page ...................................................................................................... 117
Figure 88 my orders page ...................................................................................................... 118
Figure 89 my return page ....................................................................................................... 119
Figure 90 Login page ............................................................................................................. 120
Figure 91 Dashboard .............................................................................................................. 121
Figure 92 Employee type creating page................................................................................. 122
Figure 93 Employee creating page ........................................................................................ 123
Figure 94 Employee view page.............................................................................................. 124
Figure 95 product type create page ........................................................................................ 125
Figure 96 product creating page ............................................................................................ 126
Figure 97 product View page ................................................................................................. 127
Figure 98 customer View page .............................................................................................. 128
Figure 99 review page ............................................................................................................ 129
Figure 100 Monthly income analyzes .................................................................................... 130
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Figure 101 Future Improvements........................................................................................... 131

Figure 102 Gantt chart ........................................................................................................... 142

List of Table
Table 1 User Access Level ...................................................................................................... 29
Table 2 SWOT Analysis for Bauhinia Company .................................................................... 39
Table 3 SOAR Analysis for Bauhinia Company ..................................................................... 41
Table 4 Milestone Table for Bauhinia ..................................................................................... 48
Table 5 Comparison of IDEs ................................................................................................... 79
Table 6 Employee creating page ............................................................................................ 123
Table 7 product creating page ................................................................................................ 126
Table 8 Future Improvements ................................................................................................ 131

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Overview
This paper displays the inventory control system for the BAUHINIA Company. BAUHINIA
is a Sri Lankan clothing company that was founded in 2018 and has made significant progress
in offering Sri Lankans great designs for a variety of apparel. Orders can now be placed with
BAUHINIA via social media sites like Facebook and Instagram. Customers can send a message
to BAUHINIA with the item code, size, and quantity needed to request one or more items. The
buyer must submit the delivery address and phone number to confirm the order if the item is
available. Within 3 to 5 working days, the box containing the requested item(s) will be
delivered to the customer's doorstep, following which he or she must pay cash on delivery.
BAUHINIA has expanded considerably over the years, owing to its popularity on social media.
However, due to the increased number of orders received via message requests, they are finding
it increasingly difficult to keep up with the paperwork associated with inventory management.
The Managing Director has determined that BAUHINIA would consult a Software
Development Company to automate the process of BAUHINIA Clothing because of the
challenges related with inventory management. AKL Software (AKL) is a software consulting
firm. Facilitated Workshops and Agile software development projects can be held in AKL's
purpose-built rooms. BAUHINIA's Managing Director has opted to hire AKL to design a new
order tracking system utilizing an agile development methodology.

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Activity 1
1.1 Produce a well-defined Problem definition statement supported by a set
of user and System requirements for the above scenario. Identify areas (if
any) of risk that might affect the successful completion of the application.
1.1 Explore a business-related problem and produce a well-defined Problem Definition
Statement supported by a set of user and system requirements.
1.1.1 Problem Statement of the Bauhinia and the 5Ws Technique Defined
A problem statement is essentially a statement that depicts a clear vision and the overall
technique for solving the problem at hand. The 'BAUHINIA' Business utilizes the 5W's
approach to identify and build the issue statement as part of the problem statement development
process. What? Who? When and where are you going? Why? How? This strategy entails asking
a series of questions in order to gather all of the information needed to report on the present
situation, determine the real nature of the problem, and describe the context in detail.
(libguides.com, 2022)

Figure 1 5Ws Technique

This technique of defining the problem was adopted by the firm because

 Quite simply: To ask these questions correctly, no training or accreditation in the

procedure is necessary.
 Systematic: The secret to success is to ask all of your questions repeatedly.
 Versatile: It can be used to create a new process or to carry out a remedial action.
 Comprehensive: The approach allows for a 360-degree vision of the problem to be
established and the path to a solution to be determined.

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Each question should be answered with facts – facts that are required for a report to be
considered comprehensive. Importantly, there is no easy "yes" or "no" response to any of these
issues. It's the type of inquiry that's taught to kids when they're going to start a writing project,
and we, like kids, must display the same kind of tenacious tenacity and drive that they do when
attempting to discover new things.

What? The project, the activity, the challenge, and the project's goal are all described in detail.

Why? Describe the motive, goal, justification, or purpose behind a certain working approach.

Who? Determine the parties involved, as well as the persons who are accountable or impacted.

Where? Describe the location or site where the incident occurred.

When? Determine when the incident occurred, is occurring, or will occur.

How? Determine the path to take, the actions to take, and the strategy to use.

1.1.2 Problem Statement of the BAUHINIA Company

Why - Currently, the 'BAUHINIA' company is facing a major dilemma, as it has grown in
popularity over the last two years. Is this the reason why the 'BAUHINIA' firm is receiving so
many orders? As a result, they are unable to maintain their mobility by physical means, making
it extremely difficult for them to move. As a result, in order to keep a huge number of orders,
the firm is attempting to develop software to track its clients.

What - BAUHINIA is a company that sells clothes online. It had begun two years prior.
Customers are referred to you through social media. Now they're having trouble managing their
goods. Because a large number of consumers utilize social media to contact the firm. As a
result, firm management prefers to automate its activities using software. Because manually
gathering consumer information is inefficient and inconvenient, this technique is ineffective in
tracking their customers. As a result, this business strives to adapt its approach.

Who - The BAUHINIA firm is a well-known fabric seller. Customers are attracted to the brand
through social media. That is why BAUHINIA receives a large number of orders from
consumers. As a result, they are unable to maintain their activity manual. For these activities,
the paper-based technique will fall short.

Where - The BAUHINIA Company is facing a problem, which is the typical method plan for
maintaining the company's operations. The problem is in properly supervising orders.

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When – In the previous decade, the 'BAUHINIA' firm has experienced significant growth in
the garment sector. The reason for this is that social media has attracted a large number of
clients. The firm 'BAUHINIA' is now receiving a large number of orders. As a result,
management prefers to use the computerized system to update their administrative procedures.

How - "Bauhinia" has a conventional style of completing their daily job, and the firm keeps a
paper-based record of all of their actions, making it extremely difficult to organize and preserve
information.

Problem Statement

'BAUHINIA' is the well company that has had a strong performance over the last two years
with a greater consumer base. Due to an increase in the number of clients, the firm is having
difficulty dealing with paper-based tasks. As a result, important human resources and time are
wasted. Finally, the added stress caused by the manual approach of tacking orders makes it
difficult for corporate employees to operate at their best. Furthermore, clients expect the
'BAUHINIA' Company to provide a fast and accurate service in tracking orders and alerting
them of their status. As a result, it is critical to reduce needless burdens on employees in order
to produce an efficient and high-quality working environment. It is projected that consumer
satisfaction would rise as a result of this.

1.1.3 User Requirements and System Requirements

1. User Requirements
System requirements (or system specs) represent the ideal system attribute that presumably
fulfills the user needs, whereas user requirements convey the expectations of stakeholders from
the system (i.e. system-to-be). The difference between user requirements and system
requirements is that user requirements are a collection of stakeholder expectations, whereas
system requirements may describe different techniques to achieve the user needs.
(ofnisystems.com, 2022)

The 'BAUHINIA' online system will be primarily utilized by four levels of personnel, including
Order handling clerks who will be responsible for dealing clients at the counter and Warehouse
operatives who will be in charge of the warehouse and will update stock availability
information. This system will be used by Chief Account to create invoices and final requests
for clients. The Production Manager will be the boss, and he or she will be in charge of
producing reports and overseeing the company's whole tracking system. The diagram below

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depicts the system's user requirements for each employee, or, in other words, the functions that
the system must do in order to meet the user's demands.

The diagram below depicts information about BAUHINIA clothing firm users and their access
status.

Figure 2 User Requirements

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2. System Requirements

The arrangement that a framework must have in order for an equipment or computer program
application to execute smoothly and successfully is referred to as system requirements. Failure
to achieve these requirements might result in problems with setup or execution. The former
may prevent a device or program from being installed, but the latter may cause an item to
malfunction or perform poorly, or even wrap or malfunction. (techterms.com, 2022)

When considering the System Requirements, it has been said that the following hardware and
software parts are being needed.

Efficiency - The Online Order Tracking System is meant to function such that all of the
system's transactions are processed as promptly as possible.

Reliability - The system must react to member requests precisely. For example, if the
warehouse operator saves the revised stock information, the details must be altered to reflect
the most recent updated details after examining the detail. If a consumer hasn't paid in over
thirty days, a reminder should be printed correctly. In addition, the registration form undergoes
a validity check to ensure that the information entered is correct and that an erroneous data type
is not entered.

Usability - Customers and staff must be able to utilize this system easily so that the user may
execute his job effectively. It should provide clear instructions that walk the user through the
system. The error message should also provide a detailed description.

Implementation - The major programming languages and tools utilized to construct the system
are Java script, PHP, and MySQL. The SQL language is also used to handle database
information.

Delivery - The full system is planned to be completed in six months, with documentation
following in two months. The complete system is given in softcopy format, including both
hardcopy and softcopy documentation.

Legislative requirements - The authorized personnel must be able to recognize the

information utilized in order to avoid breaking the law. Copyright protection applies to this
information.

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Functional Requirements

A Functional Requirement (FR) is a definition of the service which must be offered by the
program. A software device or component is defined. A function is nothing but inputs, its
actions, and outputs to the software system. It may be a measurement, data processing, business
method, user interaction, or some other particular feature that determines what is likely to
execute a system's purpose. (oracle.com, 2022)

Bauhinia company functional requirement

 Search customer details with customer ID

 Payment reports (week, month, year reports)
 Job reports
 product data stored in databases
 Job details create in database
 Each worker’s ID as a username in the database
 Clint must register into the database
 Containers, trailers, vehicle details store in database
 Workers details show into the database (transport unit, driver, assistant, others workers)
 Containers, deport, trailers detail it can insert, update and delete into the database
 Product details stored in database (small, medium, large, extra-large, extra-extra-large)
 User-friendly interfaces
 Transaction correction, adjustments and cancellations
 Administrative function
Non-functional requirements

System characteristics such as protection, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, scalability,

and usability are specified by Nonfunctional Requirements (NFRs). They act as limitations or
limits on the system's architecture through the numerous backlogs (oracle.com, 2022)

Bauhinia company nonfunctional requirement

 Performance/Time: The time required should be shorter than 1 second after the request
has been sent.
 Usability: A critical point in the method is accessibility. Like other people who do not
like to adapt a different style of technology and plan to use the system in a manner that

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is close to a conventional word processor. The typical operating system and word
processing can be simulated by this system.
 Notification: job reminder, payment reminder
 Security: This system will be shielded from SQL injections and the virus operation will
be managed by an internal antivirus. The certificate right has been graded as a level of
Advanced and Operational. (Notification, SMS OTP, E-Mail verification)
 Superior Level: Useful Evaluation Control.
 Operational Stage: The level of constraint may be assigned to the Better level.
 Reliability: This system is available anytime and it will not miss any data during any
disruption because it is equipped with auto saving and auto recovery modes that log
each and every single program case.
 Backup: weekly automatic backup
 Reusability: This will be planned to adjust to a potential update.
Security requirements

This system must be highly secure in the login part. It is because the report can only view by
admin level or production manager.

User Login

The user (customer / employee) uses this function to log on to the system. Before you may use
the system, you must first enter your user ID and password. An incorrect ID cannot be put into
the system because the user ID and password are verified.

 User id is provided when they register as staff.

 The system must only allow the user with valid id and password to enter the system.
 The system must be able to perform authorization process which decides what the user’s
level can access to.
 The user must able to logout after they finished using the system.
Password Recovery

Users can utilize this service if they forget their login password. The system sends an email to
the applicant's email address with the password. When the employees were first hired, they
were given an email address. Because only the user may establish his own mailing account,
there is no need for any validation.

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Reliability of Information

The system must be able to provide accurate information about transactions that occur on a
specific date. The system must be able to provide accurate information about transactions that
occur on a specific date.

System Requirement

Figure 3 System Requirements

1.1.4 User Access Levels

The system's access level should be regulated based on the different types and levels of users of the
Bauhinia Online monitoring system. Different levels of access have been granted to various individuals
with the goal of safeguarding data and preventing or decreasing data thefts and losses. This program,
as we all know, requires four levels of system access. Each access level has its own set of functions that
add to the system's overall productivity.

Table 1 User Access Level

Access Level Users Description
report only Chief Accountant (CA) Based on the information in the
database, the CA is supposed to
generate invoices and a final
payment demand. He/she is
unable to adjust the invoice
amount, pricing, or order
amount. As a result, CA can
only create reports based on
pre-defined data, such as
invoices and demands.

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update only Warehouse Operative (WO) When acquiring or delivering

items, Warehouse Operatives
can update the stock data in the
warehouse. The Order
Handling Clerks will receive
the updated information from
the WO.
update and delete Order Handling Clerk Order processing clerks must
update customer information
with warehouse operators, as
well as verify the credit
worthiness of customers, and
remove orders if they are not
creditworthy.
complete system access Production Manager (PM) Because the Production
Manager is in charge of the
system, he or she will have
complete control over all
functions.

1.1.5 Risk Defined

Risk refers to a company's or organization's vulnerability to factors that might reduce
profitability or cause it to collapse. Business risk is defined as anything that jeopardizes a
company's capacity to achieve its goal or meet its financial objectives. (stakeholdermap.com,
2022)

Due to the uncertainties involved with the business, such as competition, changes in consumer
taste and preferences, input costs, changes in government legislation, and so on, business risk
refers to the anticipation that the firm may earn less than projected profits or even lose money.
This may have an impact on the company's capacity to produce a profit. These dangers might
originate from a variety of places, therefore the boss or manager isn't necessarily to fault.
Instead, hazards might originate from within the organization or from outside the company,
ranging from legislation to the entire economy.

A company owner, for example, may be subject to a variety of hazards, including production
risks, risks associated with irregular raw material deliveries, equipment malfunctions,

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employee dissatisfaction, and so on. Risks in marketing might develop as a result of market
price changes, shifting trends and styles, errors in sales forecasting, and so forth. Furthermore,
the firm may lose assets as a result of fires, floods, earthquakes, civil disturbance, conflicts, or
political turmoil, all of which can cause unfavorable business disruptions. As a result,
depending on the nature and scale of the company, business risks can take many various shapes.

Figure 4 Risk Defined

Internal business risks:

Internal business risk is tied to the company's internal environment. Internal business concerns
have forced the organization to operate in a restricted environment. Internal business risks
differ from one organization to the next, based on the limitations imposed by the internal
environment. As a result, every firm has its unique internal hazards, and the organization's
performance is determined by its ability to manage these risks.

External business risks:

External business risks are related with events that a corporation has no control over. Every business
must cope with a variety of external issues, some of which are unique and industry-specific.

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1.1.6 Risks related to the development of Bauhinia application

Financial Risk

Financial risk refers to the troubles that an investment firm's financial situation may bring for
itself or others. Such a danger occurs, in particular, if a firm has adequate financial strength to
continue its trade activities, or if it makes promises to itself or to its clients. (guru99.com, 2022)

Financial Risks in development of Bauhinia application

This difficulty might arise when the company that creates the application does not have enough
money or assets to invest in the program's development. This might be due to the company's
engagement in too many initiatives, each of which requires a major financial investment, or it
could be due to the company's lack of understanding of the expenses connected with developing
the app. As a consequence, the firm may spend more money building the application and
eventually go bankrupt, or they may be unable to complete their application development
project within the customer's cost requirements due to a lack of understanding about the costs
and prices of items they want (Bauhinia Company). As a result, the project will be terminated,
resulting in financial losses for the firm.

Risk Mitigation

This risk may be mitigated by the firm doing a thorough study of the development process and
the materials required in the application development process before beginning the project, as
well as analyzing and finalizing the amount of each expenditure. Following a thorough study,
a budget for application development can be developed, and the firm may decrease financial
risks and avoid bankruptcy by spending in line with the budget.

Employee Risk

The word "employee risk" refers to everything a firm employee can do, whether intentionally
or unintentionally, that can hurt the employer's business in some manner.

Employee Risks in development of Bauhinia application

This risk may exist if the organization does not have enough people to work on a certain
application development project. This can occur when staff take vacations while projects are
in progress, causing the process to be interrupted in the midst and causing the project to be
delayed, and the firm to be unable to complete the project within the intended time limit.
Another danger is that the employees may not fully comprehend the project for which they are

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responsible, which might result in errors and blunders in the application's development since
the employees were unaware of the project's full scope.

Risk Mitigation

By designating some personnel as bench employees, the project manager may decrease the
possibility of work being halted in the middle owing to the absence of some individuals.
Because of the bench staff, interrupted work can be completed, and the firm may be able to
complete the project on schedule. Employees assigned to work on an application development
project should have a pre-work session in which they should be provided enough data about
the project and their questions should be answered. Furthermore, such sessions will serve as an
icebreaker for workers, allowing them to get to know one another before they begin working
together, reducing the likelihood of disputes. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

Scheduling Risks

Scheduling risk refers to the likelihood of schedules not being met, as well as the consequences
of this inaccuracy. It is present in every schedule, and it is impossible to predict with certainty
how long it will take to complete an activity, reach a milestone, or deploy a system. Because
limited information is available in the early stages of a program, planners must depend on
personal experience, lessons learned, best practices, and expert estimations. This danger arises
when a corporation undertakes too many projects at once, causing staff such as developers,
testers, and designers to be overburdened with several projects and unable to focus on a single
project. Also, other resources, such as equipped computer laboratories, are not available to the
specific group of employees working on the Bauhinia firm's project because other teams are
using them for their own projects. These are frequent scheduling concerns in the organization.

Risk Mitigation

To prevent the hazards listed above, the project manager must first design each employee's
schedule plan and then choose team members based on their time availability to work on the
project. This may lessen the likelihood of employees experiencing time conflicts when working
on many projects at the same time. Employees' tasks might also be scheduled ahead of time.
Additionally, all teams must have access to the equipment and resources by setting correct time
plans such as roster charts.

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Technological Risks

Losses that might occur as a result of technical failures

Technological Risks in development of Bauhinia application

If the firm lacks the essential infrastructure to construct the application, such as the appropriate
hardware and software, it may suffer technological hazards. During the creation of the
application, the organization may face server failure difficulties as well as challenges with the
design and development of the program. (atlassian.com, 2022)

Risk Mitigation

This risk might be mitigated by conducting a thorough technological feasibility assessment and
determining the infrastructure needs for application development. After acquiring the concept,
the infrastructure's financial requirements could be factored into the budget, and server
difficulties, as well as concerns with the system's design and development, could be resolved
by maintaining constant communication with the project members and clients.

Customer Risks

Customer Risks in development of Bauhinia application

This risk arises when the application built fails to match the needs of the consumer. The
customer may be dissatisfied with the application's design and operation because they expected
certain features that were not offered by the developer. Furthermore, there is a danger that the
customer would not pay for the job when it is completed.

Risk Mitigation

The customer risk might be mitigated by holding regular meetings with customers and
soliciting input on each component, beginning with the customer requirements analysis and
ending with the implementation. This might assist the organization in closing the gap between
the client's requirements and the fila project, resulting in customer satisfaction. Also, a suitable
agreement should be created between the client and the development business, including all of
the project's terms and conditions, to protect both sides from legal complications.
(accompa.com, 2022)

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In the agile technique, the development business selecting the agile method over the waterfall
method to create the application helps to solve the client risk, since some customer needs can
be added in the middle of the development process.

Natural Risks

A natural hazard is a severe natural phenomenon that harms humans – or other things that we
care about, though the focus is generally on humans (which, we might note, is anthropocentric).
"Hazard always originates from the interaction of social, biological, and physical systems;
catastrophes are caused by human acts as much as by natural events." (The "Father of
Floodplain Management," geographer Gilbert F. White)

Natural Risks in development of Bauhinia application

Natural catastrophes such as cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters can be
created. It's possible that it'll be lost due to natural disasters, and you won't be able to recover
or back them up. Furthermore, natural disasters may result in power outages in the firm, which
may cause the company's operations to be disrupted for an extended length of time.
(accompa.com, 2022)

Risk Mitigation

This risk may be mitigated by storing a backup copy of all key documents and daily application
development tasks in the cloud, allowing work to be completed from anywhere in the globe
and simply backed up without the need to start again. In addition, the organization must assess
the risk of natural catastrophes ahead of time and be prepared to make other preparations. For
example, power outages caused by heavy rain may cause a business's operations to be halted;
this might be mitigated by the firm having generator facilities for power generation, and the
impact of natural disasters on the Bauhinia Company’s operations may be minimized.

Legal Risk

Losses that might occur as a result of regulatory or legal proceedings

Legal Risks in development of Bauhinia application

This risk may arise during application development when untrustworthy staff divulge customer
information to third parties, resulting in a legal issue when the client files a lawsuit for data
loss and theft. (apptio.com, 2022)

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Risk Mitigation

This risk can be mitigated to some extent if the organization has a security strategy for
managing data and varying levels of access restrictions for project staff.

Maintenance Risk

This risk may arise after the implementation of the application in the company.

Maintenance Risk in development of Bauhinia application

This might happen as a result of server conflicts or other functional difficulties that develop when the
system is running on the client's machines. If this danger emerges, it may cause the clients' activities to
be delayed, and they may file complaints about the situation.

Risk Mitigations

As a result, providing assistance after the product's introduction is critical to its success. It is critical to
keep the software's functionality up to date on a regular basis.

External risks

There may be external hurdles in addition to the company's development risks. External risks are far
more difficult to foresee and control than internal risks in the firm where the system is designed.

External risks in development of Bauhinia application

External danger can manifest itself in a variety of ways. When it comes to market risk, some software
platforms utilized for application development may become obsolete, and future updates or usage may
be impossible. As a result, various concerns with the application's long-term functionality arise.
Furthermore, the risks posed by rivals who may be able to provide the application at a cheaper cost or
in a shorter time frame, as well as intense rivalry from several competitors, pose a risk to the Bauhinia
company in producing the application. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

Risk Mitigations

Proper planning and effective communication both inside and outside the firm may be able to assist
solve this problem. In any case, the corporation will not be able to fully resolve the problem.

Conclusions

In general, thorough and exact use of assessment methodologies and risk management may considerably
enhance the quality and safety of a product manufactured at a low cost. Given the efficiency of the
various strategies, it appears that combining them to ensure the security of the Bauhinia system
development project is the best option.

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1.2 Produce a well-structured Software Design Document that defines a

proposed solution for BAUHINIA by exploring and analyzing their business
problem. Include relevant details on requirements, system analysis, and
system design. (Propose a suitable language)
1.2.1 Methods to Analyze Business Related Problems
Problem analysis is a set of analytical exercises aimed at improving designers' comprehension
of an imbalanced situation so that they may create a more balanced solution. To put it another
way, problem analysis entails creating a list of needs that can only be addressed by proper
design methods. (stakeholdermap.com, 2022)

1. VMOST Method

A framework and assessment approach for strategic planning in a company is VMOST

analysis, also known as MOST analysis. The analysis guarantees that all stakeholders in an
organization have accurate information about the planned improvements. Following a thorough
study, several choices for implementing adjustments are provided, all while keeping the
Bauhinia Company’s strategic and long-term goals in mind. The framework incorporates both
the vision and the techniques that will be used to achieve that aim. Goals, strategies, and tactics
are the components of the acronym VMOST, in addition to the parts vision (V) and mission
(M). (atlassian.com, 2022)

Figure 5 VMOST Analysis

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VMOST Analysis for BAUHINIA Company

Vision: "Bauhinia wants to be the most respected, inventive, and lucrative firm in the world
selling and servicing new and refurbished IT equipment in every way."

Mission: "By attaining excellence in product expertise, price competitiveness, and consultation
assistance, Bauhinia has established itself as the top choice for purchasing and maintaining IT
hardware in the eyes of our customers."

Objectives

 To give the greatest possible service to the community at a reasonable cost.

 To gain a significant market share so that Bauhinia becomes a household name.
 From the beginning through the third year, sales have consistently increased.
 To increase customer satisfaction to the point that at least 40% of our customers return.
Strategy

 The company might have an advanced system to handle their everyday activities in
order to fulfill the objectives.
Tactics

 Changing the Waterfall technique of system development to an agile one, in which

modifications may be made depending on client needs.
 Moving from a paper-based system to an automated order tracking system will relieve
staff of some of their responsibilities.
 Having a system with a strong infrastructure of hardware, such as laser printers with
high-speed printing capabilities, to meet user needs as quickly as feasible.
 Designing a system that can assess a customer's prior records in order to make
conclusions about creditworthiness and other factors that will help the firm generate
money and gain market share.
2. SWOT Analysis
A SWOT Analysis is a strategy for evaluating these four components of an organization.
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Internal strengths and
weaknesses are factors that the organization has control over and can modify. Who is on the
team, patents and intellectual property, and the location are all examples. External opportunities
and dangers are those that occur outside of the firm in the bigger market. Businesses can grasp
opportunities and defend against risks, but they can't change the situation. Competitors, raw

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material pricing, and client shopping tendencies are all examples of this. (dba-oracle.com,
2022)

Figure 6 SWOT Analysis Defined

SWOT Analysis for Bauhinia Company

Table 2 SWOT Analysis for Bauhinia Company

Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats

Having over 50 Medium-Sized Having a sizable The stage of reliance
distinct types of Business internet following may be brought on
computer products by outsourcing the
Currently, the task is Outsourcing the project.
Has been growing being done assignment to a
steadily for the past manually, which specialized The technical
two years. takes time and is company(AKL environment has
ineffective. Software company) improved in recent
Has a good years.
Projects involving
reputation with The quantity of
waterfalls
customers orders continues to In the computer

Related to bad rise. product sales sector,

operations, the there is a lot of

Managing Director rivalry.

feels upset.

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3. SOAR Analysis
An analysis of strengths, opportunities, goals, and results (SOAR) is a strategic planning
method that helps a company focus on its existing strengths and future visions in order to
achieve its strategic objectives.

Figure 7 SOAR Analysis Defined

SOAR engages all levels and functional areas of an organization. With SOAR, the focus is on
the organization and enhancing what is currently done well, rather than concentrating on
perceived threats and/or weaknesses.

S = Strengths: What an organization is doing really well, including its assets, capabilities, and
greatest accomplishments.

O= Opportunities: External circumstances that could improve profits, unmet customer needs,
threats or weakness reframed into possibilities.

A= Aspirations: What the organization can be; what the organization desires to be known for.

R=Results: The tangible, measurable items that will indicate when the goals and aspirations
have been achieved.

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SOAR Analysis for Bauhinia Company

Table 3 SOAR Analysis for Bauhinia Company

Strengths Opportunities Aspirations Results

Having Computer Having popularity in To become the Launching an order
Products over 50 the internet number one seller of tracking system to
different varieties computer products reach many
Outsourcing the in the world customers
Has a steady growth assignment to a
for 2 years specialized To be the customer Using Agile
company(AKL centric company techniques to cater
Has reputation Software company) the user
among the To be in a requirements
customers The number of sustainable position
orders is increasing.

4. Boston Matrix Methodology

The Boston Matrix is a model that companies can use to analyze their portfolio of companies
and brands. The Boston Matrix is a popular tool for marketing and business strategies. A
portfolio of products can be analyzed using the Boston Group Consulting Matrix.

This categorizes the products into one of four different areas, based on:

 Market share – Is the product being marketed a low- or high-market-share product?

 Market growth – Is the market's quantity of prospective clients increasing or
decreasing?
The Boston Matrix makes a series of key assumptions:

 Investing in marketing can help you acquire market share.

 Gains in market share will always result in financial surpluses.
 When the product reaches the mature stage of its life cycle, cash surpluses will be
produced.
 During the expansion period, you have the best chance of establishing a dominant
market position.

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Figure 8 Boston Matrix Defined

The four categories can be described as follows:

 Stars are high-growth products that compete in marketplaces where they outperform
their competitors. Stars frequently require significant expenditure to maintain their rise.
Stars will eventually slow down, and if they maintain their market share, they will
become Cash Cows.
 Low-growth products with a large market share are known as cash cows. These are
well-established, profitable goods that require little investment. They must be managed
for long-term profitability in order to continue generating the robust cash flows that the
company need for its Stars.
 Question marks are low-market-share products that operate in high-growth
marketplaces. This means that they have promise, but that they will need to invest more
in order to gain market share from larger competitors. Management must choose
carefully which "Question Marks" they should invest in. Which ones should they let
fail or contract?
 The phrase "dogs" is used to describe products with a low market share in unappealing,
low-growth areas. Dogs may make enough money to pay for themselves, but they are
rarely, if ever, worth investing in. Dogs are typically sold or euthanized.

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A firm would desire items from all categories (excluding Dogs!) in order to have a well-
balanced product range.

Boston Matrix Analysis for Bauhinia Company

When it comes to the Bauhinia Company's products, the present status is Question Mark, with
the company having the lowest market share despite consistent growth over the past two years.
However, in terms of market growth, it is in a better position, since the number of orders is
rising and the firm is becoming more well-known on the internet. As a result, the Bauhinia
Company's investment in an online automated order monitoring system will assist them in
achieving star status.

5. Porters 5 Forces Model

This approach was developed in 1979 by Harvard Business School's Michael E. Porter as a
way for analyzing and evaluating a company's competitiveness and position. The carrier
defines five forces: supplier power, buyer power, competition, risk of substitution, and risk of
entrance. This approach may be used to determine the Bauhinia Company's business challenge.

Figure 9 Porters 5 Forces Model Defined

6. Maturity Model

These models may be used to figure out where we need to be and what we'll need to do to get
there. This is the most straightforward explanation for the maturity models. It is critical to have
a clear issue definition and a clear solution context when employing a maturity model, as we

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all know. From the evolution model to the technology model to the team model, there are a
variety of maturity models that may be used to a corporation. Every firm or department, as we
all know, goes through a maturation process. The typical cycle is chaotic, reactive, proactive,
customer-focused, and valuable.

Conclusion

Since looking at the Bauhinia Business' daily problem, it is clear that the company has not kept
up with technical advancements in the modern world. Because they presently track their orders
using the old paper-based manner. This manual procedure has a number of flaws. Traditional
paper-based procedures were utilized in medium-sized businesses around a decade ago. The
biggest issue we ran across was that meeting customer requirements took a long time and the
paper-based tracking method was inefficient. We discovered from the investigation that they
have a following that they have gained via the internet, and that by utilizing them, the firm
would be able to increase its sales. However, they are having difficulty monitoring all orders
these days. To address the aforementioned issues, Bauhinia Company need an application that
can effectively handle orders and improve order tracking accuracy. From the instruments for
assessing business difficulties, the organization was able to pinpoint the source of the Bauhinia
Company's difficulty. If implemented by Bauhinia Company, the online order tracking
approach is expected to remedy the difficulties highlighted by the analysis. Using a variety of
ways to extract business-related problems, in my opinion, assisted us in identifying the true
issue. The Bauhinia Company's business challenge will be solved by building and deploying
an order tracking system with well-defined user access.

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1.2.2 Software Design Documents

A software design document is a detailed, multi-page description of how a software-based
product will be provided. It is written by a software developer, or group of developers, and
details how a product will be built, feature by feature. The purpose of the document is to
provide the developers with additional details to those provided in the functional specification.

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TITLE AND PEOPLE

Tile of the Project: order tracking system

Name Designation Job Role

Mohamed Shimash Siraj Project Lead Should be in charge of and
manage the whole project's
development and testing
process.
Senior Developer Based on client
requirements, will design the
codes and ensure the
system's performance.
Developer Based on client
specifications, will design
the codes and assure the
system's operation.
Designer Will create the system's user
interfaces.
Tester Should guarantee that the
system functions properly
and will detect any
problems.
Tester Might very well check that
the system is working
properly and will identify
any problems.
Requirement Analyst Interviews users to obtain a
thorough understanding of
their needs.

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OVERVIEW
These same developers produce software for Bauhinia Company that helps the company's
internal orders. They've asked us to design a new alternative since they need to get rid of their
paper-based system because their job has become more popular over the past two years. We'll
develop an online order tracking system to address the problem faced by the Bauhinia
Company. This solution reduces the requirement for paper while increasing order tracking
efficiency. Users may enter past order information into the system and deal with those data
right away in the new system. The programming language will be PHP, and the database
solution will be MySQL. We'll strive to keep the system's user interfaces to a bare minimum.
To strengthen data security, we employ multiple degrees of user access to the system. Order
tracking clerks, warehouse operatives, chief accountants, and production managers are among
the system's four main users. The system will be constructed in such a way that the company's
production manager will have complete administrative access. The chief accountant can only
read reports in order to complete his financial responsibilities and calculate final needs.
Inserting, modifying, and removing orders is a function available to the order processing clerk.
Because the warehouse employee only checks the availability of particular commodities and
has to print confirmation copies of the system, the warehouse employee only receives an update
function. The Bauhinia Company can carry out its everyday activities in a productive and
secure manner thanks to these specified access levels. To load data, we'll strive to employ basic
user interfaces with few buttons and forms. This improves the system's simplicity. The key
rationale for having a basic interface and functionalities for this system is that all personnel,
including staff members such as manufacturing supply chains clerks and warehouse operatives,
must fully comprehend the system.

CONTEXT
Bauhinia Company's tracking system is currently done manually in most situations, which adds
time to transactions such as ordering items, confirming availability, processing payments, and
so on. As a result, a slew of issues arise, resulting in an ineffective online tracking system.
Because the firm does not use a computerized system, there may be loss and destruction of
records as a consequence of human error. However, the difficulty in looking for available
commodities, which might be referred to as an insufficiency in the Online Tracking
Management System, is an issue in the manual system, resulting in inefficiency and time-
consuming operation of the online tracking system. Also, as the quantity of records grows, the
space required for physical storage of files and data grows, as does the expense of not using a

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computerized system. Due of the manual system's inefficiency in retrieving information

quickly and wasting time. Furthermore, due to the time-consuming nature of this project, a
computer-assisted strategy will be employed to handle these issues. Each manual technique
will be scrutinized.

GOALS
The aim of this project is to develop a system that can handle and manage the activities involved
in an online tracking system in an efficient and reliable way.

The objectives are:

 Designing a computerized Online tracking system which would help evacuate the
problem faced in manual.
 Evaluating and testing the performance of the system.
 Implementing the system.
MILE STONES
Table 4 Milestone Table for Bauhinia

Tasks Start Date End Date

Requirement Analysis 1/05/2022 10/05/2022
Designing the front end of the system 12/05/2022 25/05/2022
Getting Feedback from users and Testing 27/05/2022 30/05/2022
Developing the System 1/06/2022 5/06/2022
Testing and Evaluating Feedbacks 6/06/2022 25/06/2022
Implementing the System 27/06/2022 5/07/2022
Maintenance of the System 5/07/2022 To be Continued

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This project was limited to the online tracking system of Bauhinia Company that covers over
200 employees and more than 100 customers, which the number greatly increases every year.
In preparation, this system became more reliable and consistently providing enough support to
the company to accommodate an increasing number of orders enrolled in every year. The
proposed system was made based on the wants and needs of the company, the system consists
of handling the orders taken from the customers, checking the availability of stocks from
warehouse for ensuring the delivery of goods, Handling the payments made by the customers

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and producing invoices and reminders for unpaid payments and at last producing reports for
the management regarding the operations done in the company. This project system was highly
recommended due to the rapid increase of computer related tools in the industry. With this
proposed system features and functions of the Bauhinia Company will be able to accommodate
more reliably consistent and faster in providing a better service to the customers.

EXISTING SOLUTION

Presently, tracking system of the Bauhinia Company has been done manually in most cases,
thereby taking more time for transaction like handling the orders, checking the stock
availability, preparing invoices for payments, checking the credentials of the customers and
producing reports. Series of problems occur as a result of this there by resulting to in-efficient
tracking system. In most cases as a result of human error there maybe loss and damages of
records due to not using computerized system in the library. Nevertheless, the difficulty in the
handling the orders which could be termed to be inadequacy in management is a problem in
the manual tracking system thereby causing inefficiency and time-consuming. Also, the
problem of space consuming erupts after the number of records become large the space for
physical storage of file and records also increases if no computerized system is implemented
as well as the issue of cost.

Issues Found with the Existing System:

 Wait for payments to come in and keep track of clients with past-due bills. It's a whole
different story if the firm has a well-designed online procedure in place, with the system
sending electronic invoices and charging clients through credit card or direct debit.
 The firm only gets a limited view of the data without an automated tracking and
ordering system. This also indicates that the firm has inadequate order administration,
and it is extremely inconvenient for staff to have to look through all files for a single
order from a long-term client.
 Of course, these data input issues might have a detrimental influence on the shipping
operation. Customers will be disappointed if a big purchase of 80 % of respondents
turns into a small range of tens filter roast that becomes a large order of 100 due to
human mistake, and a small order of Ten filter roast that becomes a large order of
Hundred may waste business resources and cost thousands of dollars. Ordering by hand
is inefficient and fraught with problems. If the firm wants to grow, it needs to break
away from its established practices and adopt an automated order management system.

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 The order to cash cycle is continually paused if manual methods for inputting orders
and physically processing documents are still in existence. Aside from the possibility
of human mistake in order processing, there are other factors that might lengthen
processing times and expenses. If documentation must be produced before an
application can be manually input, the cost of processing each order is considerable.
Backlogs of orders awaiting human processing, as well as a stack of paper to be
processed and archived, can cause order cycle time delays. It's also worth noting that
maintaining the infrastructure for printers and fax machines might be costly.

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ALTERNATEIVE SOLUTION
Detrack

Detrack is a robust last mile delivery management software that enables you track your cars
live on a map and collect real-time electronic proof of delivery (E-POD) with simply our iOS
/ Android app, and it's free for your first driver forever. Our applications have been translated
into 26 languages and are used to accomplish millions of deliveries every day throughout the
world. Detrack manages everything from instant real-time delivery status updates to gathering
proof such as the customer's signature, task completion time, products rejected or failed
deliveries, picture documentation of service completion, and automated customer assistance.
It's also possible to automate the sending of texts / SMS to clients before to delivery, after
delivery, and even when the driver is on his way to the location with a live ETA.

Free online track and trace service

From instant real time delivery status updates to capturing evidence like customer’s signature, time of
job completion, items reject or failed deliveries, photo evidence of service completion and automating
customer support; Detrack handles it all. There’s also the ability to automate the sending texts / SMS
to customers pre-delivery, post-delivery and even when the driver is heading to destination with live
ETA.

Features:

 Live updates to the driver when changes made

 Live tracking of the driver
 Integrated call, gps and POD capturing within the window with minimal switching of
screens required
 Super Simple for the driver
 Very customizable
 Fabulous Customer Service

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Online ordering platform

PackageX is at the cutting edge of machine vision and artificial intelligence (AI) to provide
world-class mailroom management and delivery automation solutions. Our cloud-based
technologies are used by prominent organizations like as WeWork, DelVal University,
Symphony Workplaces, and others in over 210 cities across the world. PackageX's Mailroom
is a mailroom management system for smart teams. Make contactless deliveries a reality for
your company and run self-serve mailrooms.

Once a recipient clicks "scan and send" I cannot do anything to move the process forward
except to send an image to them. Often times they did this by accident or later find that they
don't need the mail scanned because they came into the office and physically got their mail but
it stays in the queue no matter what. I would like a delete button to clear items like this on my
end without asking the recipient to bother with anything.

Features:

 Fully contactless delivery management options

 Real-time data and insightful analytics for smarter mailroom operation management
 Custom branding features to personalize email communication
 Access to our "Virtual Mailroom" features. Convenient call to action buttons within
your notification emails.
 Touch and Face ID Login
 24/7 access to our world-class customer support team

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TIME LINE

Figure 10 Gannt Chart for the Order tracking System

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Activity 2
Investigate the use of software development tools and techniques for the
chosen software solution. Compare the investigated tools and techniques and
justify the chosen tools, technique and methodology that you may use for the
development of an Inventory Control Application for BAUHINIA.
2.1 Software development tools and techniques and identify any suitable tool or technique
that you may select for the development of this application.
Software development

Software development is a set of procedures for programmers to follow in order to construct

computer applications. The phases of the software development life cycle are made up of this
procedure. In the IT business, understanding the software development approach opens up a
world of possibilities. In this post, we'll go over what software development is, what different
kinds of computer programs are, and what jobs employ the IT development process.
(orientsoftware.com, 2022)

Figure 11 Software development

Web Application Technologies

Every site engineer should think about a massive set of regulations and processes when it comes
to web development. HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL were formerly considered
the core web development breakthroughs for creating a website or online application. In any
event, with the emergence of a few new web development improvements, tools, structures, and
languages in recent years, deciding what to focus on has been extremely difficult (and what to
skip). (itchronicles.com, 2022)
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2.1.1 Web Server Software

Web server software consists of programmers that interface with the server's peripherals, such
as memory, CPU, storage, and so on. Web servers, on the other hand, are the machines on
which online sites and web information are kept and utilized to host websites.

Types of Web Servers Software

XAMPP

XAMPP is a free and open source program created by Apache buddies. The Apache
distributions for Apache server, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl are all included in the XAMPP
software package. And it's essentially a local host or server. This local server runs on your own
computer, whether it's a desktop or a laptop. XAMPP is used to test clients or websites before
publishing them to a remote web server. On a local computer, the XAMPP server software
provides a suitable environment for testing MYSQL, PHP, Apache, and Perl projects.
(cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 12 XAMPP Server

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WAMP

"Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP" is the acronym for "Windows, Apache, MySQL, and
PHP." WAMP is a Windows-specific version of LAMP that is frequently deployed as part of
a software bundle (Apache, MySQL, and PHP). It's frequently used for web development and
internal testing, but it may also serve live websites. (cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 13 WAMP Server

2.1.2 Database Servers

MySQL

The source code for the world's most popular open source database, which runs on a relational
database management system (RDBMS), is accessible under the GNU General Public License.
MySQL is the most common database for online applications, as well as the most significant
component of LAMP, or open source web application software, where LAMP stands for
"Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python." MySQL web application hosting (apptio.com,
2022)

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Figure 14 MySQL

PostgreSQL

The PostgreSQL Global Development Group is responsible for the development of

PostgreSQL. An object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) database server
that emphasizes flexibility and standards compliance. Its major task, as a result of its various
functions, is to securely store data using best practices in order to access it later, as asked by
applications. PostgreSQL is a cross-platform database that may be used on a variety of
operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and Windows. For Mac OS X, it's the
default database server. (cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 15 PostgreSQL

MSSQL

Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) is a database management system created by Microsoft. It's a
relational database management system database server designed to store and retrieve data
when web applications ask for it. Using the principal query languages T-SQL and ANSI SQL,
MSSQL database server is designed for a variety of audiences and workloads ranging from
modest single-machine applications to huge Internet-facing applications. (codebeamer.com,
2022)

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Figure 16 MSSQL
SQLite

SQLite is the first relational database management system written in the C computer language.
SQLite's working model differs from that of other database servers in that it is not implemented
as a distinct process accessed by a client application running in another program. It is, rather,
a feature of the utilizing software. SQLite is a common choice as an embedded database for
local/client storage in application software such as various web browsers, based on its
properties. It is likely the most frequently used database server engine today, with support for
all major browsers and operating systems, as well as embedded platforms. (codebeamer.com,
2022)

Figure 17 SQLite

MS Access

Microsoft's database management system - Because it supports many objects, such as DAO
(Data Access Objects), ActiveX Data Objects, and many more ActiveX components, MS
Access (Microsoft Access) is the primary option of software developers and data architects
when developing application software. To implement a graphical user interface, MS Access
has a relationship with Microsoft Jet Database Engine. It uses the Access Jet Database Engine
to store data in its own format. It may also immediately import or link to data from other
programs and databases. (atlassian.com, 2022)

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Figure 18 MS Access

2.1.3 Programming Languages

JavaScript

For constructing and developing websites, this is one of the most popular and dynamic
programming languages. This language may be used to manage the browser, alter the contents
of a displayed document, communicate client-side scripts with users, and execute asynchronous
communication, among other things. It was created by Netscape and takes a lot of its grammar
from the C programming language. JavaScript is often and efficiently utilized in both desktop
applications and game development. (apptio.com, 2022)

Figure 19 Java Script

For a developer or site owner, the nicest thing about JavaScript is that it is one of the few
programming languages that is accepted and supported by all major browsers without the use
of compilers or plug-ins. It is also feasible to interact with non-web-based platforms. PDF
documents and desktop widgets this is a multiparameter language with a wide range of
capabilities. JavaScript also allows you to use functional and object-oriented programming
approaches. (atlassian.com, 2022)

A language's qualities dictate how it functions, how it responds, how easy its code is, and what
it can do.

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Some of the most important elements of the JavaScript programming language are listed here:

 Structured - JavaScript is a highly structured language inherited from C. It has a correct

and designed grammar. In addition, unlike C, this language has no range of functions.
It distinguishes between instructions and expressions in the same way as basic C does.
Platform for web programming.
 Dynamic - In JavaScript, the types are values rather than variables. This is a dynamic
programming language that allows you to test an object's type in a variety of ways. All
objects in this programming language are associative arrays, making it object-oriented.
 All functions in JavaScript are objects and are of the first class. They each have their
unique set of functions and features. A nested function, for example, is a function within
a function, and the language also permits anonymous functions.
Java

Another popular and frequently utilized language for Web development that you might explore
is Java. Sun Microsystems created this object-oriented, class-based, and concurrent
programming language in the 1990s. Since then, the language has remained the most popular,
as well as a standard platform for enterprises and a number of mobile and game developers all
around the world. The software was created to function across a variety of platforms. This
means that a Mac-based software can operate on a Windows-based operating system. Java was
created with the intention of being used in interactive television, but its creators recognized
that the language and technology were much too sophisticated for the business. It was only
afterwards that it was incorporated into modern usage. (visual-paradigm.com, 2022)

Figure 20 Java

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Each language has a certain mission, aim, or objective in mind. The five primary concepts or
purposes that have been considered when developing this language are listed below:

 It must be a secure and dependable programming language.

 It must be an object-oriented, straightforward, and well-known language.
 It must be implemented and executed at a high level of efficiency.
 It must be a dynamic and interpretable thread.
 It must be transportable and architecturally unobtrusive.
Python

Python is a dynamic language computer language that is extensively used and broadly
applicable. Because the code is dynamic, a developer may write and run it without the use of a
compiler. The language was created with code readability in mind, which means that it has a
syntax that allows you to communicate a point or notion with only a few lines of code. This
idea of code readability is also achievable with Java, C++, and other programming languages.
This is a high-level or sophisticated language that is simple to comprehend and learn for
novices. (atlassian.com, 2022)

Figure 21 Python

Rdio, Instagram, and Pinterest are some of the apps that Python supports. Python, Django,
Google, NASA, and Yahoo, among others, support a variety of different web platforms.
Automatic memory management, a big library, a dynamic type system, and support for multiple
paradigms are some of the other aspects of this language.

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Python is based on a fundamental philosophy and strictly adheres to its key ideas. The language
was created with the intention of being extremely extendable. As a result, the language is
simple to incorporate or embed into existing systems. The purpose of the language's creators
was to make learning a language enjoyable. The language has been modified by the developers.

So that it can be lowered if optimization is done too soon. Some of the concepts that have been
summarized are listed below:

 Readability is crucial.
 Complex is preferable than convoluted.
 Beautiful is preferable to ugly.
 Complexity is preferable to simplicity.
 Explicit is preferable to implicit.
PHP

The language of the PHP hypertext processor is referred to as "PHP." This is a free server-side
scripting language that may be used for both web development and universal programming.
This is a widely used programming language that was first released in 2004 and currently
powers over 200 million websites across the world. Facebook, WordPress, and Digg are just a
few of the major sites that use this technology. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

Figure 22 PhP

PHP is an interpreter-based scripting language, which means it is processed by a computer. As

a result, the language is best suited for server-side programming, where server activities are
repeated during the website development process. The following factors should assist you in
better understanding the language:

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 PHP is a quick prototyping language that is free source.

 Both UNIX and Windows operating systems are supported by this language.
 Start-ups, advertising apps, small software companies, and media firms are among the
businesses that utilize PHP the most.
 The language may be easily integrated in HTML.
C++

C++ is a widely used, well-compiled, case-sensitive web programming language that is not
only useful but also allows for low-level manipulation. It is classified as a middle-level
language since it employs both low-level and high-level functions. Bjarne Stroustrup created
this language in 1979, and it was later enhanced and renamed in 1983. Because C ++ is an
object-oriented language, it adheres to the four object-oriented concepts of polymorphism,
encapsulation, inheritance, and data hiding. (cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 23 C++

In many aspects, C ++ is identical to the C programming language, and it is the superset of C.

This means that every program written in the C programming language is also a program
written in the C++ programming language. There are many technical intricacies in the
language, but the key to understanding it is to focus on the principles rather than the minutiae.
This language, like any other, is built on a philosophy and has specific characteristics that make
it what it is. C++ is made up of three major components, which are shown below:

 The C++ standard library may combine a range of functions, such as strings and set
editing, and so on.

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 The STL, or default template library, has a number of techniques for manipulating data
structures and other components.
 The components can be assigned literals, data types, and variables using the C++ core
language.
C language

C is a ubiquitous and appealing programming language that resembles the C ++ language and
was developed in the 1970s. This is the most extensively used programming platform,
providing building blocks for other languages including C++, Python, Java, and others. These
languages borrow functions, some of which contain control structures, the general grammar,
and standard libraries, either directly or indirectly. As a result, if you want to study
programming, you should start with C and C++ and then work on solidifying your
fundamentals. Static type system, lexical scope of variables, recursion, and structured
programming are all supported by this language.

Figure 24 C Programming

Here are a few items to assist you comprehend the C language's overall design:

 C is an imperative or procedural language.

 The language was created to be straightforward to compile using a basic compiler.
 The memorypiler is easily accessible because to the language.
 It was created with the goal of requiring as little runtime support as feasible while yet
allowing cross-platform programming.

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2.1.4 Front End Web Development Frameworks

Angular (formerly Angular JS)

Angular is a Google framework for building powerful web apps (originally created by Misko
Hevery and Adam Abrons). It's a framework for building rich, sophisticated online applications
that are yet simple to maintain. Angular has been used to construct a wide range of online
applications. (atlassian.com, 2022)

Figure 25 Angular
React

React is a declarative and very efficient JavaScript toolkit for creating interactive user
interfaces. It began in May 2013 and was designed by Facebook developer Jordan Walke. React
is used to generate reusable UI components for each state that may update and render data
without requiring the page to be reloaded. (brightwork.com, 2022)

Figure 26 React
Vue

Vue is a free JavaScript framework for designing better user interfaces. Evan You designed it,
and it was released in 2014. Vue's key selling point is that it is progressive, allowing it to adapt
to the demands of developers. It incorporates ideas from various frameworks and libraries, like
as Angular and React, to provide a small, lightweight solution with the greatest features and
methods. (cprime.com, 2022)

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Figure 27 Vue

Ember
Ember is an open-source javascript front-end framework for developing strong online apps. In
2010, Ember was known as the SproutCore framework. ember was founded in December 2011
by Yehuda Katz, the creator of jQuery. Ember is a very opinionated framework based on the
MVVM (Model-View-View Model) paradigm. It comes with the Glimmer engine, which
speeds up rendering. Data binding, which connects two properties, and an inspection tool for
troubleshooting faults are two notable features. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

Figure 28 Ember

Polymer

Polymer was developed by a Google team of developers and debuted in 2015. It's a free
JavaScript framework for building cross-browser compatible online apps using reusable web
components. Polymer is used to build all major Google services, including YouTube, Google
Play Music, Google Play Movies, Allo, Google I/O, and Google Earth. Developers may use
HTML and CSS to design their own components, and JavaScript to add interactivity.
(cprime.com, 2022)

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Figure 29 Polymer

2.1.5 Back End Web Development Frameworks

Laravel

Taylor Otwell created Laravel in 2011 and, like many current frameworks, it follows the MVC
design paradigm. Laravel is a PHP framework that prioritizes beauty, simplicity, and
readability. To study and improve laravel, one can start with laracasts, which offers hundreds
of courses. (apptio.com, 2022)

Figure 30 Laravel
CakePHP

CakePHP is a PHP framework that is free and open source. It should make application
development, deployment, and maintenance much easier. CakePHP is built on an MVC-style
design that is both strong and simple to grasp. Models, views, and controllers keep the business
logic separate from the data and presentation layers in a logical way. (cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 31 CakePHP

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Ruby on Rails

David Heinemeier Hansson created Ruby on Rails, a highly productive web application
framework. Rails allows developers to create applications 10 times quicker than they could
with a traditional Java framework. Rails also comes with everything you'll need to build a
database-driven Web application utilizing the Model-View-Controller design.
(codebeamer.com, 2022)

Figure 32 Ruby on Rails

Django

Another framework that allows developers to construct high-quality web apps is Django. It's
built to keep up with ever-changing editorial deadlines while while catering to the demands of
seasoned web developers. The apps are exceptionally quick, safe, scalable, and adaptable,
according to Django developers. (atlassian.com, 2022)

Figure 33 Django

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ASP.NET

Microsoft's ASP.NET framework may be used to build sophisticated online apps for both PCs
and mobile devices. It's a lightweight and powerful framework for creating.NET web apps.
Overall, a foundation for efficiency, productivity, and speed. (cprime.com, 2022)

Figure 34 ASP.NET

CodeIgniter

Ellis Lab's CodeIgniter is a popular web application framework for creating dynamic
webpages. Because controller classes are mandatory but models and views are optional, it is
largely based on the MVC design. Code Ignitor claims high performance, little setup, and no
big monolithic libraries. (guru99.com, 2022)

Figure 35 CodeIgniter

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2.1.6 IDE
An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software package that brings together the
essential tools for writing and testing software. To write, compile, and test software code,
developers employ a variety of tools. Text editors, code libraries, compilers, and test platforms
are all common development tools. A developer without an IDE must choose, deploy, integrate,
and manage each of these tools independently. An IDE is a framework, application, or service
that integrates several of these development-related tools into a single framework, application,
or service. The integrated toolset speeds up software development by detecting and reducing
code and typing mistakes. (visual-paradigm.com, 2022)

Sublime Text

Sublime Text is a coding editor that has completely changed the way we code. It's bright, open,
and ready to modify your file once you've managed to click the button. Sublime Text's
responsiveness is one of the characteristics that separates it as the best code editor in its class.
Another major benefit of Sublime Text is its incredible extensibility, which includes a large
and increasing list of plugins that can be added using the package manager. Topics that let you
to change the editor's look, code linters (which help you detect mistakes in your code more
quickly), Git plugins, color pickers, and other options are available..

Figure 36 Sublime Text

Visual Studio Code

Visual Studio Code is a code editor developed by Microsoft and, surprisingly, open source
software. VS Code may be the code editor in this list that comes closest to an IDE. It is very
robust and one of the slower programs at startup. However, while in use, VS Code is quick and
able to do some interesting tasks, such as: B. fast git commits or opening and sorting content
from multiple folders. VS Code is becoming increasingly popular - it is constantly expanding

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its user base and pulling developers away from other editors. VS Code has a built-in terminal
and built-in Git support, both of which are big winners for fans of this program. The
IntelliSense function offers automatic completion of the code as well as information on
function parameters and known variable names.

Figure 37 Visual Studio Code

Atom

GitHub created Atom, which is open source. It was strongly impacted by the new editor style
popularized by Sublime Text during its early development. There are, however, important
distinctions: Atom is a free and open source text editor that integrates easily with Git and
GitHub. Atom has previously experienced performance and stability concerns, however these
have considerably improved over time. It is true that it is slower to start than certain editors,
but it is just as dependable and easy to use after that.

Figure 38 Atom

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Vim

Vim is, without a doubt, the most divisive code editor on our list. Vim is a command-line editor
that comes pre-installed on Linux and MacOS and can also be downloaded for Windows. Many
old school programmers and keyboard lovers prefer Vim. The application can be completely
managed via the keyboard, making it considerably faster and more efficient if you take the time
to learn how to use it. It's also incredibly adaptable (in that a command line program can be
customized). You may utilize a variety of keyboard shortcuts to speed up code editing, and
even better, you can construct custom instructions that are suited to your specific workflow.

Figure 39 Vim
Brackets

Adobe's open source editor, Brackets, looks to be well-rounded software. There aren't as many
syntax highlighting languages supported as there are in some other languages (but there are
still a few). It also supports CSS preprocessors like less and Sass because of its concentration
on front-end technology. The brackets aren't ahead on many of the typical performance and
reliability criteria, but there are a few anomalies worth studying. The majority of it can be
customized via menus, but the majority of the other editors on this list need editing
configuration files.

Figure 40 Brackets

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2.1.7 CSS Frameworks

CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a markup language. A developer can use CSS
in conjunction with HTML to decide and define what a website or website should look like in
the end, or how it should be shown to visitors to the online platform. Font size, font style,
general layout, colors, and other design aspects all have an impact on CSS. This is a markup
language that may be used to create a number of documents, including simple XML, SVG, and
XUL documents. CSS is the platform of choice for most websites across the world if developers
require help generating aesthetically appealing websites, and not just for online applications,
but also for mobile apps. (brightwork.com, 2022)

The language's syntax is quite similar to that of HTML and XHTML, allowing for easy
synchronization and combination. A selector and a declarator make up CSS style sheets. The
language's basic syntax defines the style characteristics using several English words.

CSS Frameworks: Why Should You Use Them

To create a website/web application more quickly

Allows people to save time by providing a stable basis on which they may rely. CSS
frameworks provide web developers with something to work with and change (if required).

Using a CSS framework is also the only option to construct a decent product for developers
with low coding expertise.

To validate the design hypothesis

Can create a solution and put it through its paces with users. Using a framework to construct a
prototype or wireframe is considerably faster and easier than starting from scratch.

Users can find a CSS framework for your specific needs

There are plenty excellent frameworks from which to choose. Because they couldn't locate a
good choice, some users give up utilizing a CSS framewor

Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a front-end programming framework for creating websites and online apps that is
available for free. The bootstrap framework is built on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (JS) to
make it easier to create mobile-friendly websites and apps. The implementation framework, as

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well as UI components, layouts, and JS tools, are all included in Bootstrap. The program is
either precompiled or may be downloaded as source code. (guru99.com, 2022)

Figure 41 Bootstrap

Foundation

Foundation and Bootstrap, the world's most advanced responsive front-end frameworks, are
both extensively used CSS frameworks. Foundation, on the other hand, is a far more advanced
framework. It's extremely adaptable and configurable. It's a handy tool for building responsive
websites and online apps, especially for businesses. Foundation is used by Facebook, eBay,
Mozilla, Adobe, HP, Cisco, and Disney in their products. (iplanenterprise.com, 2022)

Figure 42 Foundation

Pure the lightweight CSS framework

Yahoo released Pure in 2014, which is a lightweight and responsive CSS framework. It's made
using Normalize.css and uses Grids and Menus to help you develop responsive layouts. Pure
comes has a responsive layout by default, and unlike Bootstrap, it doesn't let you to create fixed
layouts.

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Figure 43 Pure the lightweight CSS framework

Materialize CSS

Material Design-based contemporary responsive front-end framework Materialize In 2014,

Google released CSS, a responsive front-end framework. Because it comes with ready-to-use
classes and components, it's the ideal answer for anyone who wants to develop websites or
Android web apps. You may get started right away using its basic templates.

Figure 44 Materialize CSS

Milligram - A minimalist CSS framework

Milligram is a lightweight CSS framework that can assist you in creating quick and tidy
websites. Milligram, despite its diminutive size, offers with a full collection of web
development tools. Milligram allows developers to take advantage of all of the capabilities
provided by the CSS3 standard. Milligram has become one of the top three lightweight
frameworks available as a result of these enhancements. (apptio.com, 2022)

Figure 45 Milligram - A minimalist CSS framework

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2.2 Compare the differences between various software development tools and techniques
researched. Justify your preferred selection and preferred software development
methodology.
2.2.1 Comparison of Data Bases

Figure 46 Comparison of Data Bases

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2.2.2 Comparison of Programming Languages

Figure 47 Comparison of Programming Languages

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2.2.3 Comparison of Front-End Frameworks

Figure 48 Comparison of Front-End Frameworks

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2.2.4 Comparison of IDEs

Table 5 Comparison of IDEs

Features Atom Sublime Visual Studio Vim

Code
Cost Free (MIT $70 license fee Free GPL
License) with free trial compatible
license

Developer: GitHub Jon Skinner Microsoft Bram

former Google Moolenaar
Engineer

Platforms: OSX, OSX, OSX, Windows, OSX,

Windows, Windows, Linux Windows,
Linux Linux Linux

Editing and Atom is, on the Searching for a Although VS t is a text editor
Workflow whole, a pretty file and across Code uses that runs from
smooth files is simple Electron, Node, the command
operating and quick. and HTML/CSS line. As a
system. When Sublime's in a similar way result, it's not
starting from performance as Atom, it is the type of
scratch, the has never quicker and has software where
most difficult suffered as a no noticeable you double-
part is result of having delays. click and
determining to search Additionally, the navigate about
which extra through Git integration is with a mouse.
programs are hundreds of quite useful. Opening,
required. files to find a Although not as shutting,
Another feature piece of code. strong as Source editing, and
of Atom that Tree, it proved to saving are all
Sublime lacks be ideal for typical controlled via
is the ability to operations like as keyboard keys.
drag and drop commits and diffs,
files and folders reducing
in the tree view. development time.
Customization Atom has an Atom and All of the Vim is quite
excellent Sublime are anticipated adaptable.
reference page extremely customization There are a
that explains similar. There capabilities are number of
how to override is the ability to included, examples of
the styles regulate things including preloaded Vim

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(Atom is built like "save on wrapping, configuration

entirely in lost attention," indenting, files if you
HTML/CSS "trim theming, Google vimrc.
and runs on top whitespace," language In a nutshell,
of Chromium). and more. The adjustments, and Vim allows you
configuration so on. to do almost
files are basic anything.
JSON, and
there are a slew
of hidden
options to
fiddle with.
Performance If there's one Sublime excels Despite the fact Vim is about as
criticism with Atom in this that VS Code unpolished as
Atom, it's that it area—opening, (like Atom) is an editor can
may be sluggish shutting, built on Node.js, get. If users
at times. searching, and Electron, HTML, have the
Opening a file so on are all and CSS, it patience to
or navigating incredibly seems lightning learn the
between tabs smooth and fast (unlike instructions, it
might be quick. Atom). When may be a
uncomfortable opening/changing tremendously
at times files, there are no rapid and
(particularly delays. The efficient
when you're in search was also programming
the middle of a quick. In any environment.
development case, the
project). performance is
on par with that
of Sublime.

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2.2.5 Comparison of Webserver Software

WAMP Vs XAMPP
 WAMP is a Windows-only application, whereas XAMPP is a cross-platform
application that works on Windows, Linux, and Mac.
 When opposed to WAMP, configuring and setting up XAMPP is a breeze.
 Only MySQL and PHP are supported by WAMP, whereas MySQL, PHP, and Perl are
supported by XAMPP.
 In XAMPP, you may start the process by simply pressing the start button, however in
WAMP, there is no such button.
 XAMPP allows you to add other features such as Perl, Mercury Mail, a file server, and
more, although WAMP does not allow you to do so.
 When compared to WAMP, XAMPP is simple and light.
Software Development Methodologies

A software development technique is a way for overseeing the development of software. This
generally has an impact on issues such as which functionality should be included in the current
version, when the product should be published, who is working on what, and which tests should
be performed.

There isn't a single approach that will work in every circumstance. For certain businesses, even
the heavily distorted waterfall technique is appropriate. In actuality, each company handles
software development project management in its own unique style, which varies somewhat
from project to project.

Types of Software Development Methodologies

Agile Methodology

When adding new features, teams employ the agile development strategy to reduce risks (such
as mistakes, cost overruns, and changing requirements). Teams build software in iterations,
which feature modest increments of new functionality, using any agile strategy. Scrum, Crystal,
Extreme Programming (XP), and Feature-Driven Development are just a few examples of agile
development approaches (FDD).

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Figure 49 Agile Methodology

Advantages: The fundamental benefit of agile software development is that iterations may be
released. Iterative releases increase productivity by allowing teams to quickly identify and
repair defects, as well as align expectations. They also allow consumers to reap the advantages
of software sooner, thanks to regular incremental changes.

Disadvantages: Because agile development approaches rely on real-time communication, new

users sometimes lack the documentation they require to stay current. Users must devote a
significant amount of time to them, and they are labor demanding since developers must
complete every function within each iteration for user approval.

Conclusion

The agile technique was chosen by the developers for the creation of the Online Tracking
System for the BAUHINIA Company. The following are the reasons why this strategy was
chosen. However, the key reason is that the clients (BAUHINIA Company) specifically
requested this way in their user requirement requirements.

Extreme Programming (XP)

Extreme Programming (XP), which involves a high level of interaction from two sides in the
software exchange: clients and developers, is one of the most essential agile approaches.
Through experience reports, the former motivates continued development by identifying the
most valuable characteristics of a software product. Developers, in turn, rely on this input for
every software update and every few weeks to test new improvements.

XP offers both benefits and drawbacks. A plus is that this agile technique necessitates a high
level of collaboration and less advance documentation. It is a time-saving and effective method.

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consistent delivery model. However, the methodology also requires a high degree of discipline
and a lot of commitment from people outside the world of information technology. In addition,
advanced XP knowledge is critical for every team member to get the best results (apptio.com,
2022)

Figure 50 Extreme Programming

SCRUM

SCRUM is a more comprehensive collection of development concepts that makes up an agile

approach. They concentrate on the project management side of things. The owner of a certain
product uses this strategy to collaborate with information technology teams and businesses to
isolate and utilise system functionalities in the so-called Product Backlog. The software
program is subsequently distributed in stages by different team members; this is known as a
sprint, and it usually lasts one month. Each time the cycle is repeated in the delivery stage, the
product inventory is assessed and, if required, the priority is altered.

The application of SCRUM, like XP, has a combination of benefits and drawbacks. On the one
hand, this agile technique allows management teams to spot problems early in the development
process; on the other hand, SCRUM encourages collaboration among coworkers. SCRUM, on
the other hand, might lead to sloppy programming and scant data records for transfer. As a
result, the strategy is best suited for IT organizations that collaborate with management teams
to focus on products, features, and delivery.

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Daily stand-up meetings, a daily event with a time frame in which all team members review
work progress and potential impediments, are a solid SCRUM practice.

SCRUM is a software development framework that has changed the industry. Its rapid
iterations and active cooperation between teams, consumers, and stakeholders helped it become
popular. For improved cooperation, there are designated team roles:

 Owner of the product. The PO is in charge of comprehending company and market

needs. Then he or she must prioritize the work, create a product backlog, and ensure
that everyone is aware of the tasks.
 Scrum master is a person who is in charge of the scrum The Scrum Master educates the
team, the product owner, and the organization about Scrum. It is your obligation to
oversee the team's workflow and allocate the necessary resources to each activity.
 Team Scrum. People with various talents, including as developers, automation
engineers, and testers, commonly make up the team. To be successful, all members of
the team must work together. Scrum teams of 5 to 8 individuals are most effective when
they are based in the same area.

Figure 51 SCRUM
FDD methodology

The developer, who translates models into builds every two weeks, is the emphasis of the FDD
technique. Unlike XP and SCRUM, FDD emphasizes rigorous activities such as domain
traversal, design, coding, and validation. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

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A set of functions is then used to put the model together. Each feature has its own development
and design plan. A component test is performed after a series of inspections to verify whether
the machine is ready for the building phase.

FDD argues for a well-organized development process that produces usable software that can
be created repeatedly. FDD allows for high-quality documentation and review of design and
code, which is a plus. However, the strategy necessitates a high level of design expertise and
planned security, as early flaws might result in more time-consuming fixes. FDD is most suited
to large business developers in the banking and financial industries, where process maturity
and quality control are required.

Figure 52 FDD Methodology

Crystal methodology

Crystal Clear, Crystal Yellow, Crystal Red, and other minor agile approaches are part of the
Crystal methodology family. Alistair Cockburn, who was involved in the design of the agile
manifesto for software development, presents this series of agile techniques. The features of
distinct projects are determined by three key factors: team size, system criticality, and project
priorities. Projects are classified into four criticality categories based on system criticality:
comfort (C), readily available money (D), vital money (E), and life (F) (L). Crystal preaches
early delivery of functioning software, frequency, reduced bureaucracy, and strong user
interaction, just like most other agile techniques. According to the Crystal family, each project
is unique and necessitates the use of diverse methods, techniques, and principles. As a result,
it is regarded as one of the lightest agile methodologies. (accompa.com, 2022)

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Kanban or Lean Methodology

Kanban is a lean production planning approach created by Toyota engineer Taiichi Ohno.
Kanban was created as a planning method to help with production and inventory management.
Kanban is a popular method for work groups to execute just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing.
Kanban has its origins in the late 1940s, when Toyota was looking for a way to replicate
supermarket storage in a plant. When a consumer visits a utility shop, for example, they are
given the things they require. (codebeamer.com, 2022)

The 4 Core Principles of Kanban are:

 Principle 1: Begin with what you're doing right now.

 Principle 2: Accept the goal of gradual, evolutionary change.
 Principle 3: The current process, roles, and responsibilities must be respected.
 Principle 4: At all levels, encourage acts of leadership.
The 6 Practices of Kanban are:

 Visualize the Process.

 Limit the amount of work in progress.
 Flow Control.
 Make Process Policies Clearly Definable.
 Create feedback loops
 Collaboratively improve (using models and the scientific method).

Figure 53 Lean Methodology

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Lean VS Scrum

SCRUM's ideas, such as team organization and continual feedback, are highly valued by many
individuals. Experts are now turning to Kanban, a strategy that many people use to enhance
mobility in a new sector and to put lean expertise to good use. (techterms.com, 2022)

First and foremost, we must emphasize that SCRUM is an agile software development
methodology. At the very least, it is commonly used by programmers. SCRUM, to be honest,
still offers a lot of advantages. It gives a clear picture of a team's duties, keeps the focus on the
final objective, and assists teams in finding the most efficient ways to complete work. SCRUM
even has a name that assures that teams have the tools they need to complete a project and
overcome any difficulties.

The feedback loops that team members may utilize to ensure that everything stays on track are
one of the most popular components of SCRUM. Overall, the technique provides a framework
for users to discover where a software issue originated, allowing them to gain new information
and make appropriate improvements.

A common complaint about SCRUM is the length of its sprints with time slots that startups
consider too long. The main criticism is that long sprints lead to rare releases, which can cause
work teams to pull their feet when they respond to customer needs. This often leads to
counterproductive habits, such as teams that work with archaic knowledge.

Under-sized sprints, on the other hand, force major functionalities to be broken down into
smaller tasks that are unlikely to be valuable to customers and may cause confusion among the
team's goals. The SCRUM sprint lengths are supposed to be constant, however they are no
longer as relevant in a world where technological advancements are evolving at a quicker rate
than ever before. People's tastes are changing at a quicker rate as new inventions enter the
market.

To stay afloat on the market, developers must keep moving at a breakneck speed. Only if the
duration of a sprint prevents tasks from being done on time may developers lose.

Kanban is a planning methodology that overcomes the issues presented by SCRUM. Rather of
working in time-lapse sprints, Kanban restricts the amount of topics a group may focus on in a
given period of time. (cprime.com, 2022)

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Kanban gives you two alternatives once you finish a feature:

The feature is now ready for mass production (if those responsible choose to continue).

The team may then go on to the next most essential project, which might be uncovered the
same day.

DevOps deployment method

DevOps is a collection of strategies that support a corporate culture as well as a development

process. DevOps focuses on organizational improvements that increase collaboration across
departments responsible for various aspects of the development lifecycle, such as: B. Research
and development, quality control, and operations.

DevOps aims to shorten time to market by lowering the rate at which new releases are released,
reducing the time between patches, and minimizing downtime while maximizing
dependability. DevOps businesses strive to achieve this by automating continuous delivery to
guarantee that everything operates smoothly and dependably. DevOps methodologies help
companies reduce time to market while also enhancing customer happiness, product quality,
and staff productivity and efficiency.

Cons: Despite its many advantages, DevOps has a few disadvantages:

 Some clients do not want their systems to be updated on a regular basis.

 Before a project may progress to the operations phase, several sectors have rules that
require rigorous testing.
 Undetected flaws might creep into production if separate departments utilize distinct
settings.
 Some quality qualities need human contact, which causes the supply pipeline to slow
down.
Waterfall development method

The waterfall technique is often regarded as the most conventional software development
method. The waterfall approach is a rigid linear model that focuses on specified goals and
comprises of sequential phases (requirements, design, implementation, verification, and
maintenance). Before the following step may begin, each phase must be completed completely.
In most cases, there is no way to alter the project's scope or direction. (apptio.com, 2022)

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Figure 54 Waterfall Methodology

Advantages: The waterfall development method's linear form makes it easier to understand
and manage. The waterfall technique works well for projects with defined goals and predictable
needs. The waterfall development process can help less experienced project managers and
project teams, as well as teams whose composition changes regularly.

Disadvantages: Because of its rigorous structure and strict controls, the waterfall development
technique is frequently sluggish and costly. Users of the waterfall technique may be enticed to attempt
other software development methodologies as a result of these drawbacks.

Conclusion

The waterfall approach was not chosen since the organization had previously used it and it was
not encouraged.

Rapid application development

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a streamlined development method that results in a

high-quality system at a cheap cost of entry. "With this RAD methodology, our engineers can
swiftly adapt to changing requirements in a fast expanding and ever-changing industry,"
remarked Scott Stiner, CEO and President of UM Technologies, in Forbes. The flexibility to
adjust fast is what allows for such a modest initial expenditure. Requirements planning, user
design, building, and conversion are the four steps of the fast application development
technique. The user's development and design phases are repeated until the product satisfies all
needs.

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Figure 55 Rapid application development

Advantages: Fast application development works well for projects with a clear business aim
and a clearly defined user group that aren't computationally heavy. RAD is especially beneficial
for time-sensitive small to medium-sized projects.

Disadvantages: Fast application development necessitates a steady team made up of highly

skilled developers and users with extensive knowledge of the application domain. Well-
founded knowledge is necessary in a reduced development period, which must be authorized
after each building step. RAD is unlikely to assist organizations that do not match these criteria.

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Comparison of Agile Methodologies

Figure 56 Agile Vs Lean

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Figure 57 Scrum Vs Lean

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2.3 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom-built website. Justify your
preferred selection of tools and techniques in deducing an appropriate solution to a
business-related problem.
2.3.1 Web Server Software
Others' reasons to utilize XAMPP

 In comparison to other web servers such as WAMP, it is simple to set up.

 XAMPP is Multi Cross Platform, which implies it works on both Windows and Linux.
 It also comes with a number of other modules including OpenSSL, phpMyAdmin,
Media Wiki, Joomla, WordPress and more.
 Both a complete and a standard version of XAMPP are available (Smaller version).
 With one command, you may start and stop the entire webserver database stack.
2.3.2 Front End Frameworks
Bootstrap is preferred over other frameworks for a variety of reasons.

1. Speed of development: Bootstrap is a set of ready-to-use code blocks that allows a web
developer to swiftly design a new website. It is not necessary to write code from the ground
up. There are a plethora of ready-to-use bootstrap designs available online.

2. Web Developers with a Huge Support Community: Web developers with a large support
community can seek assistance in the event of a problem. Bootstrap is continually upgrading,
and users are occasionally updating as well. Github has a community of over 500 contributors
and over 9000 comments.

3. Pre-design using CSS, HTML, and JS components: When creating a website, there are a few
key aspects to consider. The importance of headings, tables, anchors, buttons, graphics, and
typography in the creation of a captivating website cannot be overstated. To accomplish so,
we'll need to condense our knowledge of CSS, JavaScript, and HTML codes. All of these
components are included in Bootstrap.

4. Customization based on project needs: The bootstrap customization page includes

JavaScript, CSS components, and other tools. Simply make the necessary changes in
accordance with the project's requirements.

5. Bootstrap is compatible with all major web browsers, including Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.

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6. Bundle plugin: Bootstrap provides a JavaScript plugin. If we need features like sliders,
dropdowns, carousels, etc., just add a few lines of JS code and everything will be done on the
website.

2.3.3 Programming Languages

Reasons for choosing PHP over others

 PHP-based web applications are an encrypted language with numerous dynamic but
flexible capabilities that are easy to protect. When compared to other programming
languages, they provide the most freedom. The adaptable functionalities may be
tailored to the current web development requirements. PHP, for example, is an open
source language that can be used to write code and then combined with other libraries
to incorporate additional special effects. It's simple to mix and match with dynamic
libraries like XML and graphics.
 PHP is compatible with all CMS solutions and can assist web developers in meeting
consumer demands. The websites created by PHP are carefully customised in every
manner for a first-class user experience. This is due to the fact that CMS such as
WordPress, Drupal, and Joomla are built on this framework.
 PHP is a powerful programming language with many useful capabilities, such as cross-
platform customizability, multi-browser compatibility, and secure online programs. In
comparison to other web languages, PHP is a fast language that works with all major
Web servers to give consistently high levels of performance. Furthermore, this is one
of the safest ways to create a Web site with an extra layer of protection against viruses
and dangers.
 PHP is a free programming language that is maintained by a wide community of users
who offer technical help. Because it is distributed under a generic license, development
expenses are lower, and most of its applications, such as MySQL and Apache Server,
are free.
 PHP has a plethora of useful frameworks for creating a versatile and powerful web
gateway. Laravel, CodeIgniter, Symfony, Zend, and Phalcon are some of the diverse
and powerful frameworks that allow organizations construct rich applications while
keeping high quality and efficiency standards, thanks to their modular features, built-in
support, and robust community. These frameworks allow you to create and deliver
complicated apps and websites in a fraction of the time.

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2.3.4 Database Management System

Reasons for choosing MySQL over others

1. Data security

MySQL is the most secure and dependable database management system available, and it's
utilized in major online applications like WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, Facebook, and Twitter.
The data security and transaction processing features provided by MySQL's current version
may be extremely beneficial to any organization, particularly e-commerce businesses that deal
with regular money transfers.

2. Scalability on demand

MySQL has unrivaled scalability, making it easier to operate deeply embedded programs in
smaller spaces, even in big warehouses with terabytes of data.

MySQL's main advantage is its on-demand flexibility. This open source solution allows e-
commerce businesses with specific database server requirements to fully customize it.

3. High performance

MySQL has its own storage engine framework that allows system administrators to configure
the MySQL database server for flawless performance. Whether it's an ecommerce site that
handles a million queries a day or a fast transaction processing system, MySQL is designed to
meet even the most demanding applications while providing optimal speed, full text indexes
and unique memory caches for to ensure improved performance.

4. Uptime around the clock

MySQL provides a wide choice of high-availability options, including dedicated cluster servers
and master/slave replication topologies, and is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

5. Comprehensive transaction support

MySQL is at the top of the list of reliable transaction database engines on the market. It's the
ultimate option for total data integrity, with capabilities like full atomic, consistent, isolated,
persistent transaction support, multi-version transaction support, and unconstrained row-level
locking.

The server's referential integrity ensures that deadlocks are detected immediately.

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6. Complete the workflow control

MySQL ensures ease of use from the start, with an average download and installation time of
less than 30 minutes. MySQL is a full self-service solution that automates everything from
storage expansion and configuration to data creation and database maintenance, regardless of
whether your platform is Linux, Microsoft, Macintosh, or UNIX.

2.3.5 IDE
Reasons for choosing Sublime over others

Customizability

Sublime Text, like Atom, may be completely modified with plugins. Users may search, install,
update, and delete plugins right in the editor using the built-in package management, which
allows them to do so without having to reboot.

Lightweight, Fast and Stable

Sublime swiftly demonstrates the program's speed. The code editor made with C/C++ and
Python is simple to use. It loads fairly instantly when you pick it from the Windows Start menu.
Atom, on the other hand, takes a few seconds to appear on the screen.

Powerful search

Sublime's strong search engine is another standout feature. Regular search and replace searches
for regular expressions, is case-sensitive, and searches for whole words. You may also save the
results of your search in a buffer for later use.

Simultaneous processing

One of the most interesting features of Sublime Editor is the ability to use multiple cursors
simultaneously. The bottom line is that you can do the same editing in multiple places at the
same time.

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2.3.6 Development Methodologies

Reasons for choosing Lean over others

 The development process is rationalized and simplified: Lean development aids in the
elimination of redundant phases in the software development process. It reduces the
cost and speed of development by conserving the most valuable resources – time and
money.
 Prevents any potential losses: Losses due to overproduction must be avoided at all costs.
When it comes to software, overproduction entails a high level of functionality.
 Increases team participation: One of the primary values of lean development process is
people. Their participation aids in the prevention of losses and the optimization of
operations.
 Lean methodology is also easily scalable, making it a viable alternative to more
traditional software development methodologies that were developed for huge projects
in the first place. Because it is adaptable across team boundaries and tends to unite
teams and optimize cooperation, lean is a good fit for agile and devops.
 It also allows for more functionality to be provided in less time and empowers the
development team in decision-making, increasing motivation to perform the best job
possible.

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Activity 3
3.1 Create a presentation to review followings
3.1.1 Presentations about problem definition statement, proposed solution and the
development strategy of business application.
Following that, there may be an introduction of the BAUHINIA Clothing Company's online
shopping system and how it can help address the company's problems.

Figure 59 Starting Page

Figure 58 Overview

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Figure 61 Problem of the Company

Figure 60 User Requirements

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Figure 63 System Requirements

FigureFigure
62 User64Access
Goals Level

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Figure 66 Existing Solution

Figure 65 Proposed Solution

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Figure 68 Use case Diagram

Figure 67 DFD Diagram

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Figure 70 Sitemap

Figure 69 Sequence Diagram

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Figure 72 Sequence Diagram

Figure 71 Tools & Techniques Used

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Figure 74 Feedback

Figure 73 Thanking Page

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3.1.2 Feed back

Figure 75 Feedback questions

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After the presentation, some users and volunteers provide input on the system, as seen in the
image above. The feedback questions concern system design and order processing. The
following is a summary of their responses to this question.

Response of the feedback:

The users who responded to the GOOGLE form are shown in this image. These are responses
to the feedback questions from 'BAUHINIA.' There are a total of five persons who have
responded.

Figure 76 Response of the feedback 1

According to this Google form result, 60% of users claim they have the capacity to handle
orders. This is a fantastic system. Ability to handle orders is cited by 40% of users. This system
is excellent.

Figure 77 Response of the feedback 2

This Google form result reveals that 100% of users agree that the new system solves a key
issue.

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Figure 78 Response of the feedback 3

According to this Google form result, 60% of users claim System report and stock handle
activates. This system is excellent. System report and stock handle activates are rated as
excellent by 40% of users.

The user provides feedback on future system upgrades for BAUHINIA Clothing Company in
response to the query "advice regarding the system." This suggestion will be taken into account.
And they'll get better in future releases.

 Create a mobile application

 Login system using OTP
 Chat system for admins and users
 Scrolling system should be automated.
 Alter the color scheme.

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3.2 Develop a business application with support documentation, based on the

Software Design Document produced in activity 1, along with supportive
evidence for using the preferred tools, techniques and methodologies
investigated in activity 2. Assess new ideas or possible improvements to the
system developed while justifying the reasons for including/not including
them in the application developed.
3.2.1 System Interfaces
BAUHINIA is a web-based e-commerce business. As a result, this company's website must be
extremely user-friendly and simple to use. As a result, developers build this system around
these features.

User based interface

Login Page

Figure 79 Login page

This image depicts the user login screen for the BAUHINIA e-commerce website. There are
several basic traits that all systems have in common. Users who want to access the system can
do so by entering their username in the box marked 1 and their password in the space marked
2. The system will automatically authorize access if the user enters the right username and
password and clicks the log-in button. Which is denoted by the number three. Any new user
who wants to establish a new account can utilize the signup feature to build a profile, which is
indicated by a number 4.
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Signup page

Figure 80 Signup page

The user sign-up screen for the BAUHINIA e-commerce website is seen in this image. There
are several basic traits that all systems have in common. If users wish to join the system, they
must first fill out the necessary information in order to create a profile.

No Detail Features
1 First name In this area, the user must give their first name.
2 Last name In this section, the user must input their last name.
3 Password When a person wants to log in, he or she is required to enter a
secret password.
4 address For delivery purposes, the user must input the right address.
5 Tele. no The user must input a valid and working phone number.
6 Profile pic The user can choose which profile image they want to use.
7 create When the user clicks the Create Account button after successfully
filling out the form, the system generates a new account for the
user.

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Dashboard

Figure 81 Dashboard

The dashboard of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce website is seen in this photograph. No. 1 is a
search area where users may quickly locate what they're looking for. No. 2 assists visitors in
accessing various sections of the e-commerce website based on their demands. No. 3: The
consumer clicks on the link to "explore more products." This allows the consumer to look into
different products.

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View product page

Figure 82 View product page

The View product page of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce website is seen in this image. When a
user clicks on the 'explore other product' link, the graphic above displays information about the
page that will be presented. This allows the consumer to look into different products. Once the
consumer has found the item they wish to purchase, they may pick it. The user is presumed to
have chosen the object indicated by the number 1 in this case.

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Figure 83 View product page 3

When a user clicks on their favorite item, this picture displays information about the page that
will be presented. No. 1 displays the product name, while No. 2 displays the product brand,
size, color, and price, while No. 3 displays picking the item for shop into the 'add to cart page
with the button indicated. and Actions such as purchasing an item with the number 4 button,
as well as no. 5 displaying product details. The last one (number 6) displays client feedback
and ratings.

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Figure 84 View product page 2

If a visitor tries to purchase the item, the visitor will see a warning notice similar to the one
shown above if the visitor does not have an account with the BAUHINIA Clothing company's
online shopping system. Based on the symbol inside the zone stamped by number 1, it is
possible to confirm that the client does not have an account.

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Place order page

Figure 85 Place order page

The ranking page of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce website is seen in this image. If the user
selects to buy the product, they will be sent to this page. The information in Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5
is valid; the user may place his order by clicking on the Location Order button (no6); users can
also examine product details to purchase the (no7) item by clicking on the Product Details
button (no7).

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Wishlist page

Figure 86 Wish list page

The User Wishlist page of the BAUHINIA e-commerce website is seen in this image. The user
may pick and keep all of their favorite goods, just like any other merchandise. If a user does
not like a product after storing it, he or she can erase it. The number 1 is used to represent it.
and If the user wishes to buy the item, he or she must click on the second-mentioned button.

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My orders page

Figure 87 my orders page

The user order page of the BAUHINIA e-commerce website is seen in this photograph. This
page is used to examine information about items that the user has purchased. Users may also
track their current purchases, as well as determine when the item will be delivered and track its
present location. Users, on the other hand, dislike that product. Order cancellation is also
possible.

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Cancellation pages

Figure 88 my orders page

This image may be found on the cancellation page of the BAUHINIA e-commerce site. The
user can cancel their orders using this option. Users may also examine the current state of the
cancel operation after it has been cancelled.

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My return pages

Figure 89 my return page

The image above shows data from a website designed to provide points of interest about items
returned by the customer following delivery of the item ordered by the client. Clients can also
check the status of their return preparations using this page.

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Management based interface

Login page

Figure 90 Login page

The Employee Login Page is seen in this image. If any employee want to access the system,
they should type 'username' in field 1 and 'password' in field 2. After entering the right
username, password, and employee type, click the log-in button, the system will immediately
authorize access. Which is denoted by the number four. Any new employee who creates a new
account has a signup option to construct their profile, which is indicated by a number 5.

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Dashboard

Figure 91 Dashboard

The Employee Dashboard page is seen in this image. This dashboard controls the entire system.
The features denoted by the number 1 are present in the system. Employees can access the
needed pages via the inner sidebar.

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Employee type creating page

Figure 92 Employee type creating page

The Employee type creation page of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site is seen in this image. In
the box shown by the number 1, the employee can input the Employee type name. Employees
can save the Employee type by clicking the 'create' button.

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Employee creating page

Figure 93 Employee creating page

Table 6 Employee creating page

No Detail Features
1 First name Employee must enter their First name in this field.
2 Last name Employee must enter their last name in this field.

3 Employee user Employee must enter their employee user name in this field.
name
4 Password Employee must enter a secret Password this is used to this is
when the user tries to log in
5 Gender Employee must to select their gender
6 E-mail Employee must enter the correct E-mail address for
communication purposes.
7 address Employee must enter the correct address for communication
purposes.
8 Tele. no Employee must enter the correct workable telephone number.
9 Profile pic The Employee can upload the desired profile image.

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10 create After filling the form correctly, the employee click creates
button system automatically creates a new account for the
employee.

Employee view page

Figure 94 Employee view page

The employee view page of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site is seen in this image. If workers
wish to find a certain author employee, they can do so by typing his or her name in the field
indicated with the number 1. Employees also prefer to edit or add information about
themselves, such as their profile photo or name. Employees can alter details by pressing the 2,
3, 4 buttons, correspondingly.

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Product type create page

Figure 95 product type create page

This image depicts the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site's product type creation page. In the box
shown by the number 1, the employee can insert the product type name. Employees may save
the product type by clicking the 'create' button.

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Product creating page

Figure 96 product creating page

Table 7 product creating page
1 Product Name Employee can enter product name in the brackets.
2 Product Type Employee can select product type in the brackets. For user
choose the Product type of Product.
3 Product Brand Employee can enter product brand in the brackets. For user
choose the Product brand of Product.
4 Product Color Employee can select product color in the brackets. For user
choose the Product color of Product.
5 Product Prize Employee can enter product prize in the brackets.
6 Product Description Employee can enter product small detail about the product
in the brackets.
7 Product Size Employee can enter product size in the brackets. For user
choose the Product size of Product.
8 Product image Employee can enter product image in the brackets.
9 Create After filling the form correctly, the employee click creates
button system automatically creates product profile.

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Product View page

Figure 97 product View page

This image depicts the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site's product view page. If workers want to
edit or add product data such as the image or name. Employees can alter details by pressing the
1, 2, 3 buttons, correspondingly. If staff desire an inventory report, they may click the "report"
button, and the system will produce one for them.

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Customer View page

Figure 98 customer View page

The customer View page of the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site is seen in this image. This page
is a survey for those who have registered for the system.

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Review view page

Figure 99 review page

This image depicts the BAUHINIA e-Commerce site's Review view page. This page is based
on a client survey that was practically identical to what they got. These highlights aid in
determining customer preferences and attitudes. Additionally, it is possible to figure out which
things are most likely to sell.

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Monthly income analyzes

Figure 100 Monthly income analyzes

This graphic depicts the BAUHINIA e-Commerce website's Monthly Income Analyzer
interface. If an employee clicks the "report" button, the system generates a monthly income
report for them.

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3.2.2 Assess new ideas or possible improvements to the System Developed while justifying
the reasons for including/not including them in the application developed.
3.2.2.1 Future Improvements
Table 8 Future Improvements

Feature Detail
Password Encryption Password encryption is executed within the system because this
can be an awfully critical security degree and there's less time to
execute that.
Order Cancelling This feature has been incorporated in the system for the benefit
of the customers since it allows them to cancel a purchase within
a certain time frame.
Alert Message This feature has been integrated into the system for the benefit of
the clients. This feature will notify the user if the customer
missed to complete any crucial tasks when making the purchase.

3.2.2.2 Future Improvements

The world's innovation is updating every day. This system is not perfect, but with future
updates and upgrades, this system can strive to become more significant to the use case and
more inclined towards the user’s requests. As a database, the build ought to explore future
updates on the smart mover's database System.

Figure 101 Future Improvements

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Future improvements are,

 Can create the system to mobile app base system.

 Build and update firewall in website and database system.
 In future are use cloud base storage system.
 Make OTP base online user account verification system.
 Make more than user friendly and secure system.

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Activity 4
Conduct a critical review for the design, development, and testing stages of
the Inventory Control application by analyzing the factors that influence its
performance against the problem definition statement and initial
requirements. Conclude the review by reflectively discussing the risks
identified at the beginning and critically evaluating the strengths and
weaknesses of the application developed. Identify and justify the
opportunities for improvement and further development of the application
you developed.
4.1 Evaluate the Performance of a Business Application Against its Software Design
Document and Initial Requirements.
This table shows how the system is designed to meet user needs and system requirements.
4.1.1 User Requirements
User Implementation in the System
Requirements

Employee The employee's account on the system is created in this image.

registration

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Users’ registration This picture depicts the process of creating a user account on the
system.

Add new items to On the system, this graphic depicts the user's account creation.
Inventory

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Generate Report This graphic depicts the system's Generate Report on Product
about Product Availability.
Availability

Generate Daily This graphic depicts the system's Generate Daily Report on Orders.
Report about
Orders

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Generate a This image depicts In the system, create a Monthly Income Report.
Monthly Income
Report

Update Item On the system, this graphic depicts Update Item Details.
Details

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4.1.2 System Requirements

System Implementation in the System
Requirements

Usability This graphic demonstrates how simple and user-friendly this system is.
This functionality has been incorporated in the system, according to the
evidence.

Availability This method is set up using the internet. As a result, users can access the
system at any time.

Supportability The major aim for establishing this system was to make it simple to process
orders, as seen in this graphic. As a result, developers On the system, a
dedicated page is generated.

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Security This image suggests that the system has a few security structures dependent
on access, one of which may be the login page.

4.1.3 Other Features

Features Implementation in the System

Wish list This feature allows users to store their favorite goods for purchasing
later.

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Return Due to reluctance or other reasons, the user can return the item provided
within a specific time frame.

Track my The features include the ability to track an order after it has been placed.
Order

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Conclusion
Building an online monitoring system for Bauhinia Company, which now uses a manual
tracking approach, is the aim of this project. The student is required to develop a system that
addresses user requirements including, but not limited to, order administration, product
manufacturing, invoice creation, and daily report generating. The learner created the system
using the custom-built method because to its adaptability, user friendliness, usefulness, and
other features. The student picked CSS and Bootstrap as the front-end framework for the
system, while the Php language was utilized to link the database on the back end. MySQL has
been utilized for the database, while sublime has been used as the system's source code editor.
The learner gained knowledge while constructing the system, such as the necessity to produce
a design document that includes the user requirements and other system specifications before
developing the system. This is required in order to provide the developer with a clear image of
the desired system. The system must be divided into two parts during development: first, a
group of developers must work on the front-end and replicate the wireframes that have
previously been developed, and second, the net team must work on logical code for accessing
data from databases at the backend. For a better development with fewer mistakes, these two
works must be completed in order. Because the learner designed and developed the system for
the assignment on their own, it helped them understand the importance of front-end and back-
end work and how they communicate and function together. They also realized that they needed
to be done separately to reduce errors and save time and resources. The learner also learned the
necessity of reviewing the system once it has been successfully constructed, because this will
guarantee that the system is functioning effectively and will assist the developers in
understanding any faults that may occur. Preparing user documentation for any system would
assist other users/developers in going through it and working appropriately, reducing ambiguity
in using the system and ensuring a better user experience for the users. Overall, this work
provides the learner with the necessary idea and knowledge for designing a system for a firm,
as well as the proper documentation of the system to be delivered to the company's top
management.

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Self-Criticism
The following are believed to be the learner's strengths:

 Since the learner had a variety of experiences and educational backgrounds, which help
to foster more original thought, the student's varied knowledge seemed to be a plus.
 The learner is a more devoted and determined individual. Despite the fact that the
learner has different professions and credentials, their dedication to participate in this
study demonstrated their enthusiasm to study, and this behavior assisted them in
completing the tasks efficiently and without errors.
 A learner is a person who puts forth a lot of effort. Despite his other professional and
personal obligations, the student was able to complete the task within the specified time
frame.
 Learner possesses strong presenting and communication abilities, which aided in the
narration of our strategy to professors and colleagues, as well as the ability to
successfully arrange assignments.
 Learners have a specific degree of understanding of how to utilize technology
effectively, which aided us in accurately preparing documentation and creating the
system for the organization.
 Another strength that the student has was the ability to receive adequate help and
supervision from the specific professor. As a result, the learner was able to receive
sufficient instruction in order to complete the assignments and solve the issues in a
timely manner.
 The learner's multi-skilling ability appears to be a significant strength that aided in the
simultaneous processing of the assignment and other tasks.
 The learner's writing abilities were another asset that aided in the successful completion
of the tasks.
 Being ambitious and never letting go of one's personality helped the student compete
with others and complete things more efficiently.
 The learner's extrovert personality aided him in obtaining assistance from others in
creating the system and collecting the essential data.

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Gantt chart

Figure 102 Gantt chart

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