WORK AT HEIGHT
TRAINING
Agenda
Aim and Objective
Work at Height Hazards
Work at height Safe
Practices
Ladders Hazards
Ladders use tips & Safe
Practices
Scaffolding Hazards
Safe Practices of
Scaffolding
Questions
Quiz
2
Aim / Objectives
• The Aim of the training session is to understand and Identify the factors
that contribute to persons and objects falling from height. Describe
the control measures to reduce the risk of falls from height. Understand
the proper use of ladder and scaffolding and its equipment and safe
methods of access to reduce or eliminate the risk of falls.
3
Work At Height
• Work at height is work in any place, including a place at, above or
below ground level, where a person could be injured if fell from that
place.
4
Work At Height - Hazards
Over-reaching
Unguarded holes in floors
Failure of the elevated work platform (Collapse, overturn, etc.)
Poor edge protection
Work in areas without guard rails or covers.
Falling object
5
Work At Height – Safe Practices
1 1
Avoid working at height completely
01
Where possible, use a plant equipment at
ground level rather than a roof, or change
2 the equipment altogether.
Prevent falls using collective
02 equipment
3 1 Install a permanent system that offers a
passive solution for multiple workers, such
as a physical barrier.
Use personal protective equipment
03 4 1 (PPE): Fall restraint
Fall restraint systems usually include an
5 1
anchor point and lanyard which prevent
workers from reaching a hazard
6
Work At Height – Safe Practices
1 1
Minimize risk by undergoing training
04
Training should focus on safe working
practices, as well as on the correct use of
2 relevant equipment.
Minimize the impact of a fall
05 If a fall cannot be avoided, then use
3 1 collective equipment, such as airbags and
net to reduce the impact of the fall.
Use PPE (Fall arrest)
06 4 1 Fall arrest systems should only be used as
a last resort and you will need to undergo
training to use these. If a worker falls, fall
5 1
arrest equipment stops the fall before he
hits the surface.
7
Ladders Types
• Step Ladder
• Steps Stool
• Straight Ladders
• Platform
Ladders
• Extension
Ladders
• Folding Ladders
• Multipurpose
Ladder
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Ladders Hazards
• Falls to lower level as a result of tip
overs
• Falls from ladder losing footing after
insecure ladder
• placement
• Collapse of ladder from damaged
spreader
• Falls from losing grip while climbing
• Exposure to electricity
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
1 Never Position ladder in front of opening door
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
2 Never Put ladder on the top of boxes, loose bricks, or concrete blocks to gain extra height
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
3 Maintain 3 Points of contact over ladders
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
4 Ensure erection of ladder at (75° angle / 4:1) Ratio)
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
5 The end of the ladder must extends at least 1 meter (3 Ft.) past the landing platform or step off
point.
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
6 Avoid overreaching while using ladders
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LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
Hot Works
Inspect ladder before use
for the following
Loose or 1 4 Loose
bent tie rod rungs
Even spacing 2
between stiles 5 300mm
spacing
6 Stile twisted
or bowed
Loose or missing
tie rod ends
3 7 Worn or missing slip
resistant feet
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General Safety Tips for using ladders
1 Never use ladder as a bridge
2 Always face the ladder
3 Hold the uprights not the steps
4 Never carry tools in hand while using ladder
5 Never use the top step of any ladder
6 Never place tools on a step of ladder
7 Only one person at a time
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General Safety Tips for using ladders
8 Correct type of ladder for the job
9 Place ladder on a stable flat surfaces
10 Make sure that ladder has slip resistant foots
11 Never work alone on straight ladders
12 Never use metal ladder near to energized electricity
13 Keep your center of gravity inside the ladder rails all the time
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Scaffolding
An elevated, temporary work
platform
Three basic types:
❑ Supported scaffolds -- platforms
supported by rigid, load bearing
members, such as poles, legs,
frames, & outriggers
❑ Suspended scaffolds -- platforms
suspended by ropes or other non-
rigid, overhead support
❑ Aerial Lifts -- such as “cherry
pickers” or “boom trucks”
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Scaffolding Types
• Portable/Mobile
Scaffold
• Cantilever Scaffold
• Tower Scaffold
• Suspended scaffold
• Ladder or Trestle
Scaffolding
• System Scaffolding
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Scaffolding Erection
❑ Scaffolds can only
be erected, moved,
dismantled or
altered under the
supervision of a
competent person
❑ Competent person
selects & directs
these workers and
determines the
feasibility of fall
protection
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Scaffolding Hazards
• Falls
• Being Struck by falling equipment
• Contact with energized power line
• Scaffolding Collapse
• Overloading
• Weather
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Scaffolding Main Components
1 2 3
Post is vertical tube that carries Runner is a horizontal scaffold Bearers are Horizontal tube fixed on
the weight of the scaffold. tube that extends from post to top of at least 2 runners (at or near
post and supports the bearers. a pair of posts) & supports the
weight of planks.
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Scaffolding Main Components
4 5
Board Bearer is like a bearer, but not fixed Planks are long wood boards that are laid
to the posts. It helps the support planks at across the sections of scaffolding to provide
mid-span. workers with a place to stand and to work
from.
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Scaffolding Main Components
6 7
Base Plate - A steel plate measuring 6” Sole Board - A board that measures
by 6” used for distributing the load 9” by 1 ½ “ thick lumber used to
from the post. distribute weight from base plate to
ground.
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Scaffolding Main Components
26
SCAFFOLDING –Guardrail System
Guardrail System Is use prevent the workers from falling off the platform
1
Top-rail - Installed between 38”- 45”platform
2
Mid-rail - Installed between top-rail & platform
3
Toe-boards Are required to prevent objects from falling onto workers
below the platform.
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SCAFFOLDING –Basic Structure
Board Bearer
Runners
Bearers
Post
Base Plates
Sole board
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SCAFFOLDING – Safe Practices
All scaffolds over four feet in height must have some form of fall protection. Three types of fall protection can be used on
scaffolds personal fall arrest systems, safety nets, and guardrails.
All scaffold planks and decks must be made of sturdy material that can support the weight of the workers. The boards
should also be free of cracks, knots, holes, and splinters.
Scaffolds must be placed on a stable base. The ground should be level and firm enough to support the weight of the
scaffold and the workers.
Scaffolds must not be overloaded. This means that the scaffold should not be used to support more weight than it is designed
for. The maximum load for a scaffold includes the weight of the workers, the materials, and the tools. Do not place materials
on a scaffold if it will make the scaffold unstable.
All scaffold parts must be in good condition. This includes the base plates, cross braces, guardrails, and planking. Do not use
a scaffold if any of these parts are missing or damaged. If you see a scaffold with missing or damaged parts, do not use it.
Ladders must be in good condition and properly secured to the scaffold. The rungs should be free of cracks, holes, or
splinters. Do not use a ladder if any of these conditions are present.
Falling objects are a major hazard on scaffolds. Make sure that all materials are securely fastened to the scaffold before you
start to work.
High winds can cause scaffolds to collapse. If the high wind is blowing (65Km/h) do not use the scaffold. Wait until the wind
dies down before you start to work. 29
SCAFFOLDING – Tagging System
1 2 3
RedTag YellowTag GreenTag
Donotusescaffold Fullbodyharnessrequired Scaffoldcomplete,no
harnessrequired
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Training Requirement
❑ Train employees on scaffold hazards and
procedures to control the hazards
❑ The training must include: Nature of electrical, fall,
and falling object hazards
❑ How to deal with electrical hazards and fall
protection systems
❑ Proper use of the scaffold
• Scaffold load capacities
• Retrain as necessary
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Summary
Remember to:
Use appropriate scaffold construction methods
➢ Erect, move, or alter scaffold properly
➢ Protect from falling objects or tools
Ensure stable access
Use a competent person
➢ Train on scaffold construction and the hazards involved with
scaffolds
➢ Inspect scaffold before each shift and after alterations
➢ Determine fall protection requirements
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Quiz
Quiz
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Quiz
❑ ____________ is work in any place, including a place at, above or
below ground level, where a person could be injured if fell from that
place.
❑ Write down 3 Work At Height – Hazards
❑ Write down 3 safe practices for Work At Height
❑ Write down 3 Ladders Hazards
❑ Write down 3 LADDERS – Tips and Safe Practices
❑ The end of the ladder must extends at least 0.5 meter past the
landing platform or step off point- True/False
❑ Three point is contact is only applicable in ladder used inside oil and
gas plant- True/False
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Quiz
❑ Scaffolding can be Erected by any person under supervision of his line manager-
True/False
❑ Write down 3 Scaffolding Hazards
❑ Write down 3 Scaffolding – Tips and Safe Practices
❑ What does Red Tag on scaffold stands for
❑ We need to wear safety harness only when working above 15ft height- True/False
❑ What is the purpose of Toe Board
❑ What is the purpose of guard rails
❑ Write down three components of scaffolding
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