Name_______________________________________ Date__________________________

Cells

1. Which organism is considered an exception to the cell 6. Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have
theory because it has a noncellular structure? some characteristics of living things. What is one of
these characteristics?
A) alga B) bacterium
C) virus D) moss A) They are made up of many specialized cells.
B) They contain genetic material.
2. What is common to all cells?
C) They reproduce by mitosis.
A) All cells have a cell wall D) They contain chlorophyll.
B) All cells are photosynthetic
7. To what would the phrase "is not a cell but has the
C) All cells divide to form new cells
ability to reproduce within a living cell" best
D) All cells have a nucleus describe?
3. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory?
A) an alga B) a yeast
A) Cells are the basic unit of structure of living C) a bacterium D) a virus
things.
8. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from
B) Cells are the basic unit of function of living simplest to most complex?
things.
C) Cell parts such as chloroplasts are A) cells ® tissues ® organs ® organ systems
self-replicating. B) tissues ® organisms ® cells ® organ systems
D) Cells come from preexisting cells. C) cells ® tissues ® organ systems ® organs
4. The diagram below represents levels of organization D) organs ® organisms ® organ systems ® cells
in living things. 9. Which statement describes an exception to the cell
theory?
A) Plants and animals are made up of structural
units known as cells.
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic
material and can replicate.
C) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
D) The cell is the basic functional unit of all living
things.
10. The cell theory states that
A) all cells have nuclei that contain genetic
information
B) living organisms are composed of cells that
arise from preexisting cells
Which term would best represent X? C) all cells regenerate and contain the same basic
A) human B) tissue structures
C) stomach D) chloroplast D) organisms that lack certain organelles
reproduce by binary fission
5. All of the following are true regarding cells except?
11. Within a cell, where is the DNA chiefly found?
A) All cells have genetic material
A) cell wall B) plasma membrane
B) All cells have cell walls
C) ribosomes D) nucleus
C) All cells have plasma membranes
D) All cells can divide to form new cells
12. The diagram below represents results obtained in a 15. During an experiment you want to view the nucleus
study of a suspension containing both broken and of a cell. How would you most easily view this
whole cells. organelle?
A) With a microscope
B) With the naked eye
C) Using a magnifying glass
D) You could not see the nucleus with any of this
instruments
16. In the diagram below, which letter indicates the part
of the cell that carries out a function most similar to
a function of the human excretory system?

Which statement best describes the technique used to

obtain these results?
A) A compound light microscope was used to show
that the organelles in region 1 weigh less than
those in region 2.
B) An electron microscope was used to show that
the organelles in region 3 are the most complex.
C) Chromatography was used to determine that the
organelles in region 1 are more soluble than
those in region 2.
D) An ultracentrifuge was used to separate the
organelles with varying densities into regions 1
through 4. A) A B) B C) C D) D
13. Which is the correct sequence of historical 17. If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect
developments leading to our present knowledge of would this most likely have on the cell?
cells? A) It would stimulate mitotic cell division.
A) electron microscope cell theory B) The cell would be unable to synthesize
compound light microscope proteins.
B) compound light microscope cell theory C) Development of abnormal hereditary features
electron microscope would occur in the cell.
C) cell theory electron microscope D) Increased protein absorption would occur
compound light microscope through the cell membrane.
D) electron microscope compound light 18. What cellular structure must oxygen cross to get
microscope cell theory from the outside to the inside of an animal cell?
14. The development of the cell theory was most directly A) The nucleus
related to the
B) The cytoplasm
A) improvement of the microscope and C) The plasma membrane
microscopic techniques D) The cell wall
B) use of a five-kingdom classification system
19. A brick is to house as a cell is to
C) development of the gene-chromosome theory
D) discovery of bacteria and viruses A) an organ system B) an organ
C) a tissue D) an organism
20. Base your answer to the following question on the 24. Which letter in the diagram below indicates an
diagram below of a cell associated with coordination organelle that functions primarily in the synthesis of
and on your knowledge of biology. long chains of amino acids?

Structure X would be involved in the

A) storage of digestive enzymes
B) absorption of energy from the Sun
C) development of pathogens A) A B) B C) C D) D
D) synthesis of proteins
25. Muscle cells in athletes often have more
21. The nucleus is the cell as mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based
A) the bones are to a human on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle
cells in athletes
B) the heart is to human
C) the muscles are to a human A) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the
D) the brain is to a human muscle cells of nonathletes
B) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells
22. The diagram below represents a plant cell.
of nonathletes
C) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei
in the muscle cells of nonathletes
D) have a greater demand for energy than the
muscle cells of nonathletes
26. Which cell organelle is composed of a series of
channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in
the transport of molecules?
A) lysosome
B) chloroplast
C) cell wall
Which process takes place in structure A? D) endoplasmic reticulum
A) cellular respiration B) photosynthesis 27. Microscopic examination of an animal cell reveals
C) digestion of fats D) protein synthesis the presence of a plasma membrane but no cell wall.
23. Which cell organelle is most directly involved with Which additional structures would normally be
the bonding of amino acids? present within this cell?

A) mitochondrion A) starch grains B) centrioles

B) endoplasmic reticulum C) chloroplasts D) large vacuoles
C) cell wall 28. What has to be properly functioning in a unicellular
D) ribosome organism for homeostasis to be maintained?
A) organelles B) insulin
C) guard cells D) antibodies
29. Which cellular organelle is represented by the 35. Which letter in the diagram below indicates the
diagram below? structure that is most closely associated with
excretion?

A) cell wall B) molecules

C) plasma membrane D) protein
A) A B) B C) C D) D
30. What is the main function of a vacuole in a cell?
36. Which organelle in the diagram below represents an
A) storage exception to the cell theory because it contains
B) coordination genetic material and can reproduce within the cell?
C) synthesis of molecules
D) release of energy
31. Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they
interfere with the function of enzymes in
mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of
the cell to
A) store information
B) build proteins
C) release energy from nutrients
D) dispose of metabolic wastes
A) A B) B C) C D) D
32. The cell membrane is to the cell as
37. A structure that performs a specialized function
A) the ocean is to the Earth within a cell is known as
B) the atmosphere is to the Earth A) a tissue B) an organelle
C) a house is to the Earth C) an organ D) a system
D) a forest is to the Earth
38. One difference between plant and animal cells is that
33. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out animal cells do not have
A) diffusion A) a nucleus B) chloroplasts
B) active transport C) a cell membrane D) centrioles
C) information storage
39. Examples of self-duplicating cellular structures are
D) metabolic processes
the
34. Which structures carry out life functions within
A) mitochondria and chloroplasts
cells?
B) mitochondria and cell walls
A) tissues B) organ systems C) cell walls and chloroplasts
C) organelles D) organs D) vacuoles and chloroplasts
40. Which diagram represents the relative sizes of the structures listed below?

A) B)

C) D)

41. Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the list below?
A–chromosome
B–nucleus
C–cell
D–gene
A) B) C) D)

42. As a human red blood cell matures, it loses its 44. Which cell organelle indicated in the diagram below
nucleus. As a result of this loss, a mature red blood controls the synthesis of enzymes?
cell lacks the ability to
A) take in material from the blood
B) release hormones to the blood
C) pass through artery walls
D) carry out cell division
43. A structure involved in regulating the movement of
materials into a cell is the
A) ribosome B) centriole A) A B) B C) C D) D
C) Golgi complex D) cell membrane
45. The diagram below represents two cells, X and Y. 48. Hereditary information is stored inside the
A) ribosomes, which have chromosomes that
contain many genes
B) ribosomes, which have genes that contain many
chromosomes
C) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain
many genes
D) nucleus, which has genes that contain many
chromosomes
49. Which structures are found in every living cell?
A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasm
B) chloroplasts and mitochondria
Which statement is correct concerning the structure C) a cell wall and nucleus
labeled A?
D) centrioles and chromosomes
A) It aids in the removal of metabolic wastes in 50. In the cell shown below, which lettered structure is
both cell X and cell Y. responsible for the excretion of most cellular wastes?
B) It is involved in cell communication in cell X,
but not in cell Y.
C) It prevents the absorption of CO 2 in cell X and
0 2 in cell Y.
D) It represents the cell wall in cell X and the cell
membrane in cell Y.
Base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the
diagrams below which represent two different cells.

A) A B) B C) C D) D
51. In a cell, information that controls the production of
proteins must pass from the nucleus to which
46. In both cells, the organelles labeled E are the sites of organelle?
A) secretion B) starch synthesis A) cell membrane B) chloroplasts
C) aerobic respiration D) food storage C) mitochondria D) ribosomes
47. Cell II most likely represents a plant cell due to the 52. Where is most of the hereditary information that
presence of determines the traits of an organism located?
A) A B) B C) E D) F A) only those cells of an individual produced by
meiosis
B) the nuclei of body cells of an individual
C) certain genes in the vacuoles of body cells
D) the numerous ribosomes in certain cells
53. Which organelle is correctly paired with its 56. The diagram below represents two single-celled
function? organisms.
A) nucleus — provides carbohydrates for
fermentation
B) chloroplast — serves as a site for
photosynthesis
C) centriole — synthesizes digestive enzymes
D) lysosome — packages cellular products
54. The data table below shows the presence or absence
of DNA in four different cell organelles.

These organisms carry out the activities needed to

maintain homeostasis by using specialized internal
A) tissues B) organelles
C) systems D) organs
57. Within which structure shown in the diagram below
are energy-rich organic compounds used to produce
ATP?

Information in the table suggests that DNA

functions
A) within cytoplasm and outside of the cell
membrane
B) both inside and outside of the nucleus
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) only within energy-releasing structures
D) within cell vacuoles 58. Which organelles outside the cell nucleus contain
genetic material?
55. Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly
controls the movement of molecules into and out of A) lysosomes and cell walls
the cell? B) chloroplasts and mitochondria
C) endoplasmic reticula and cell membranes
D) vacuoles and Golgi complex
59. Within which structure of an animal cell does DNA
replication take place?
A) vacuole B) cell membrane
C) nucleus D) ribosome
60. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
A) Q B) R C) S D) T D) chloroplast function
61. A cell is represented in the diagram shown below. 64. Which cell structure contains information needed for
protein synthesis?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Which statement about the cell is correct? 65. The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant.
A) Structure A synthesizes and secretes cellular
products.
B) Structure B contains nucleotides involved in
transmitting genetic information.
C) Structure C utilizes carbon dioxide in the
process of photosynthesis.
D) Structure D is the site of aerobic respiration.
62. The diagram below represents a cell.

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich

compounds in structure
A) A B) B C) C D) D
66. After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the
ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity
was immediately affected by this change in
Which statement concerning ATP and activity within ribosome function?
the cell is correct?
A) intracellular transport
A) The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A. B) protein synthesis
B) The synthesis of ATP occurs within structure B. C) aerobic respiration
C) ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C D) excretion of metabolic wastes
.
67. The function of a cell depends primarily on its
D) The template for ATP is found in structure D.
A) life span B) color
63. A liver cell can make enzymes that a heart cell can
not make because liver cells C) structure D) movement

A) digest large, complex molecules

B) contain more DNA than heart cells
C) use different genes than the heart cells use
D) remove carbon dioxide from blood
68. The diagram below represents levels of organization 70. Which model best represents the relationship
within a cell of a multicellular organism. between a cell, a nucleus, a gene, and a
chromosome?
A)

B)

Which statement is correct regarding the structure

represented by X? C)
A) Structure X is composed of many different
amino acids that determine the type of cell it
will become in the organism.
B) Structure X has the same base sequence in all
the body cells of the organism. D)
C) Structure X is a folded chain arrangement of
carbohydrate found in all the body cells of the
organism.
D) Structure X contains 20 different kinds of
subunits that are present in all the cells of the 71. Which statement best compares a multicellular
organism. organism to a single-celled organism?
69. Several structures are labeled in the diagram of a A) A multicellular organism has organ systems that
puppy shown below. interact to carry out life functions, while a
single-celled organism carries out life functions
without using organ systems.
B) A single-celled organism carries out fewer life
functions than each cell of a multicellular
organism.
C) A multicellular organism always obtains energy
through a process that is different from that
used by a single-celled organism.
D) The cell of a single-celled organism is always
much larger than an individual cell of a
multicellular organism.
72. Which sequence shows a decreasing level of
Every cell in each of these structures contains complexity?
A) equal amounts of ATP A) organs organism cells tissues
B) identical genetic information B) organism cells organs tissues
C) proteins that are all identical C) cells tissues organs organism
D) organelles for the synthesis of glucose D) organism organs tissues cells
 Base your answers to questions 73 through 75 on "on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology. The diagrams represent two different cells and some of their parts. The diagrams are not
drawn to scale.

"
73. Which statement best describes these cells?
A) Cell B lacks vacuoles while cell A has them.
B) DNA would not be found in either cell A or cell B.
C) Both cell A and cell B use energy released from ATP.
D) Both cell A and cell B produce antibiotics.
74. Identify an organelle in cell A that is the site of autotrophic nutrition.

75. Identify the organelle labeled X in cell B.

76. Draw an arrow to indicate, one part of the plant cell below that would not be found in an animal cell.
The tip of the arrow must touch the part being identified.

77. The diagram below represents three human body 79. Organelles carry out specific processes involving
systems. chemical reactions. In the chart below, identify two
organelles and, for each, identify a process involving
chemical reactions that occurs there. Describe one
specific way each process identified is important to
the functioning of the organism.

Which row in the chart below correctly shows what

systems A, B, and C provide for the human body?

A) (1) B) (2) C) (3) D) (4)

78. Identify a specific structure in a single-celled
organism. State how that structure is involved in the
survival of the organism.
80. Base your answer to question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific functions and interact to maintain

homeostasis. The diagram below represents a typical cell with three cell structures labeled 1, 2,
and 3.

Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write its number in the space below. Explain how
the cell structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell.
In your answer, be sure to:• identify the cell structure you selected
• state one function of this cell structure
• identify one substance that is often associated with the cell structure you selected and state how
that substance is associated with the cell structure
• identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure you selected to
maintain homeostasis in the cell

81. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex.

organ
cell
organism
organelle
tissue
 Base your answers to questions 82 and 83 on the diagrams below of two cells, X and Y, and on your
knowledge of biology.

82. Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y that is not carried out in cell X.

83. State one function of the organelle that you identified in the previous question.

Base your answers to questions 84 and 85 on the diagram of a cell below.

84. Choose either structure 3 or structure 4, write the number of the structure on the line below, and
describe how it aids the process of protein synthesis.

Structure: ________
85. Describe how structures 1 and 2 interact in the process of protein synthesis.
 Answer Key
Cells Regents Review

1. C 37. B 73. C 83. Examples: — A (cell

2. C 38. B 74. chloroplast membrane) regulates
what enters and
3. C 39. A 75. ribosome leaves the cell. — B
4. B 40. B 76. (nucleus) controls
cell activities or
5. B 41. B
contains the genetic
6. B 42. D codes. (Do not
7. D 43. D accept “brain” or
“control center”
8. A 44. B without further
9. B 45. A explanation.) — C
10. B 46. C 77. C (mitochondrion)
respiration or energy
11. D 47. D 78. Examples: release or
– mitochondrion:
12. D 48. C production of ATP
site of respiration or (Do not accept
13. B 49. A releases energy “power house”
14. A 50. B – cell membrane: without further
regulates what
15. A 51. D explanation.)
enters (or leaves) the
16. B 52. B cell 84. — Structure 3
provides the energy
17. B 53. B 79. needed for protein
18. C 54. B synthesis. —
19. D 55. B Structure 4 allows
the movement of
20. D 56. B 80. (essay)
substances into the
21. D 57. A 81. organelle cell for the process
cell of protein synthesis.
22. A 58. B
tissue
23. D 59. C 85. — Structure 2
organ
provides the code for
24. C 60. B organism
assembling a protein
25. D 61. B 82. Examples: — at structure 1.
photosynthesis —
26. D 62. C production of
27. B 63. C cellulose —
28. A 64. A produces
chlorophyll —
29. C 65. D producing its own
30. A 66. B food
31. C 67. C
32. B 68. B
33. D 69. B
34. C 70. C
35. D 71. A
36. C 72. D
 Answer Key
Cells Regents Review

80. Structure 1
• ribosome • site of protein synthesis • amino acid — used to make proteins • nucleus — the ribosome gets
instructions from the nucleus determining which proteins are produced by the cell

Structure 2
• nucleus • control of cell processes • DNA — makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus
• ribosome — nucleus sends instructions to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Structure 3
• mitochondrion • site of energy release/cell respiration • ATP — produced in the mitochondrion
• cell membrane — allows glucose to enter cell and be used by the mitochondrion for energy release