CHAPTHER IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH RESULT

4.1 Data Analysis

In this section, the researcher explained the frequencies, percentages,

mean and etc. of the test, based on the result of the test before and after giving the

treatment in both experimental and control group. This research was to prove the

previous hypotheses which had been formulated, it was to find out whether

using question and answer method in teaching speaking was more effective rather

using conventional method or not.

There were two classes of the seventh Grade Students of SMP Negeri 9

Lhokseumawe was taken as the sample of this research. Experimental group

consisted 20 students and control group consisted 20 students. The teaching was

held in four meetings. Those were for teaching speaking. In experimental group

the researcher applied question and answer method in teaching speaking, while

for control group , the researcher explained about speaking by using

conventional method. As mentioned before, the design of this research was quasi-

experimental research by using quantitative data approach. Talking about

quantitative, it related to number. So, to analyze the data which were collected

from the tests, the researcher used the statistical formula t-test to examine the

hypothesis.

Before teaching the sample in both the two classes, experimental group

and control group, the researcher gave them pre-test in multiples choose form.

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After giving them pre-test, the researcher applied question and answer method to

the experimental group in teaching speaking, especially in describing people, and

applied conventional method to the control group. After applying the method in

experimental group and the conventional method in control group, the researcher

ordered those students to do post-test.

The data that the researcher collected in this thesis were about the result

of students test in pre-test and post-test. Then the result of pre-test and post test of

experimental group and control group can be seen as follows :

1. List of scores Distribution (from the Lowest Scores to the Highest Score)

a. Students Pre- Test Scores for experimental Group

24 28 28 28 28

32 32 36 36 36

36 40 40 40 40

40 44 44 44 48

b. Students Pre- Test Scores for Control Group

24 28 28 28 28

32 32 32 32 36

36 36 40 40 40

40 44 44 44 44
c. Students Post - Test Scores for experimental Group

64 64 64 64 64

68 68 68 68 68

68 68 68 72 72
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72 72 72 76 80

d. Students Post- Test Scores for Control Group

56 56 60 64 64

64 64 64 64 68

68 68 68 68 68

68 68 68 72 72

The list of score distribution from the lowest to the highest score above,

were the whole for both of class. The lowest score in experimental class was 30

and the highest was 65 in pre-test, while for the lowest score in control class was

25 and the highest was 60 in pre-test. For the students’ post test score, the lowest

in experimental class was 70 and the highest score was 90. In addition, for the

lowest score in control class was 55 and the highest score was 80.

4. 2. Research Result

4.2.1. Homogeneity Test

The examine the homogeneity between experimental group and

control group. The researcher needed to find out the average score and variance

from pre-test result for both groups.

a. Means and variance in pre-test for experimental group

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Table 4.1 List of Pre-test score for Experimental Group

No Test score (xi) X2i fi fixi Fi(xi2)

1 24 576 1 24 576
2 28 784 4 112 3136
3 28 784 4 112 3136
4 28 784 4 112 3136
5 28 784 4 112 3136
6 32 1024 2 64 2048
7 32 1024 2 64 2048
8 36 1296 4 144 5184
9 36 1296 4 144 5184
10 36 1296 4 144 5184
11 36 1296 4 144 5184
12 40 1600 5 200 8000
13 40 1600 5 200 8000
14 40 1600 5 200 8000
15 40 1600 5 200 8000
16 40 1600 5 200 8000
17 44 1936 3 132 5808
18 44 1936 3 132 5808
19 44 1936 3 132 5808
20 48 2304 1 48 2304
Total 724 27056 20 2620 97680

Average and variance score of pre-test for experimental group were:

x =
∑ f i xi = 724
= 36.2
n 20

n ∑ xi2− ( ∑ xi ) 2
S12 ¿
n(n−1)
2
20 ( 27056 )−724
20(20−1)
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541120−524176
380

16944
=44.58
380

S1 =√ 44.58

S1 = 6.67

So, from the data above the average score and varience of pre-test for

experimental group were:

Mean (x): 36,2

Variance (S12):44,58

b. Average score and variance of students pre-test from control group

Table 4.2 List of Pre-test score for Control Group

Test score
No X2i fi fixi Fi(xi2)
(xi)
1 24 576 1 24 576
2 28 784 4 112 3136
3 28 784 4 112 3136
4 28 784 4 112 3136
5 28 784 4 112 3136
6 32 1024 4 128 4096
7 32 1024 4 128 4096
8 32 1024 4 128 4096
9 32 1024 4 128 4096
10 36 1296 3 108 3888
11 36 1296 3 108 3888
12 36 1296 3 108 3888
13 40 1600 4 160 6400
14 40 1600 4 160 6400
15 40 1600 4 160 6400
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16 40 1600 4 160 6400

17 44 1936 4 176 7744
18 44 1936 4 176 7744
19 44 1936 4 176 7744
20 44 1936 4 176 7744
Total
708 25840 20 2652 97744

Average and variance score of pre-test for control group

xi 708
x =∑ ¿ ¿35,4
n 20

n ∑ xi2− ( ∑ xi ) 2
S22 ¿
n(n−1)
2
20 ( 25840 )−708
20(20−1)

516800−501264
20 (20−1)

15536
=40,88
380

S2 =√ 40 , 88

S2 = 6,39

Based on the data that the researcher found, the means score and variance and

standar deviation from students’ pre –test for experimental group and control

group showed below:

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Table 4.5 The List of Means score, Variance, Standard Deviation from
Students’ Pre test of Experimental Group and Control Group

Descriptive Statistics
Class Std.
N Mean Deviation Variance
Experimental Group 20 36,2 6,67 44,56
Control Group 20 35,4 6,39 40,88

To determine the homogeneity of data, the researcher need to find each

standard deviation for both groups: experimental group and control groups. Then,

it was compared with the critical value which was used at the level of significant

5% (α = 0,05) for educational level. If obtained f-test was lower than critical value

of table, it means that data was not homogenous.

To find the homogeneity of data, it was analyzed by using the formula below:

highest Variance
F 0=
lowest Variance

44 ,58
40 , 88

F¿ 1 , 09

In significant level α = 0,05 ,it was showed that F table (20 , 20)=4 ,35

because 𝐹0<𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 that is 1,04 < 4,35 so from the result of the research, it was

proved that both of data was homogenous

2. Normality Test

Normality test was applied in order to find out whether the data found was

normal or not, it was needed to analyze post test result for both classes by finding
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the average of post test result for both groups and standard deviation from

experimental and control groups.

a. Mean and variance in Post- test of experimental group:

Table 4.3 List of Post-test score for Experimental Group

Test
No X2i fi fixi Fi(xi2)
score (xi)
1 64 4096 5 320 20480
2 64 4096 5 320 20480
3 64 4096 5 320 20480
4 64 4096 5 320 20480
5 64 4096 5 320 20480
6 68 4624 8 544 36992
7 68 4624 8 544 36992
8 68 4624 8 544 36992
9 68 4624 8 544 36992
10 68 4624 8 544 36992
11 68 4624 8 544 36992
12 68 4624 8 544 36992
13 68 4624 8 544 36992
14 72 5184 5 360 25920
15 72 5184 5 360 25920
16 72 5184 5 360 25920
17 72 5184 5 360 25920
18 72 5184 5 360 25920
19 76 5776 1 76 5776
20 80 6400 1 80 6400
Tota
1380 95568 20 7908 540112
l

∑ xi 1380
x ¿ ¿ = 69
n 20

n ( ∑ xi2 )− ( ∑ xi ) 2
S12 ¿
n(n−1)
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2
20 ( 95568 )−1380
20(20−1)

1911360−1904400
380

6960
=18,31
380

S12 =√ 18 ,31

S12 = 4,27

c. Average score and variance of students post -test from control group

Table 4.1 List of post-test score for Control Group

Test score
No X2i fi fixi Fi(xi2)
(xi)
1 56 3136 2 112 6272
2 56 3136 2 112 6272
3 60 3600 1 60 3600
4 64 4096 6 384 24576
5 64 4096 6 384 24576
6 64 4096 6 384 24576
7 64 4096 6 384 24576
8 64 4096 6 384 24576
9 64 4096 6 384 24576
10 68 4624 9 612 41616
11 68 4624 9 612 41616
12 68 4624 9 612 41616
13 68 4624 9 612 41616
14 68 4624 9 612 41616
15 68 4624 9 612 41616
16 68 4624 9 612 41616
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17 68 4624 9 612 41616

18 68 4624 9 612 41616
19 72 5184 2 144 10368
20 72 5184 2 144 10368

1312 86432 20 8384 558880

Total

∑ xi 1312
ꭕ¿ =¿ ¿ 65,6
n 20

n ∑ xi2− ( ∑ xi ) 2
S22 ¿
n(n−1)

2
20 ( 86432 )−1312
20 ( 20−1 )

1728640−1721344
380

7296
=19,2
380

S22 =√ 19 ,2

S22 = 4,38

Table 4.5 List Average Score, Variance and Standard Deviation from
Post- Test Score for Experimental and Control Group Student
in Research SMP Negeri 9 Lhokseumawe.

Descriptive Statistics

Std.
N Mean Deviation Variance
Experimental Group 20 69 4,27 18,31
Control Group 20 65,6 4,38 19,2

Based on the calculating done, then the data normality test for post –test
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experimental group can be seen in the table bellow :

Table 4.6 List of post test for the Experimental group

F(Zi)-
No Xi Zi F(Zi) S(Zi)
S(zi)
1 64 -0,85 0,1990 0,04 0,1555
2 64 -0,85 0,1990 0,09 0,1121
3 64 -0,85 0,1990 0,13 0,0686
4 64 -0,85 0,1990 0,17 0,0251
5 64 -0,85 0,1990 0,22 0,0184
6 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,26 0,1720
7 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,30 0,1285
8 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,35 0,0851
9 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,39 0,0416
10 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,43 0,0019
11 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,48 0,0454
12 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,52 0,0889
13 68 -0,17 0,4329 0,57 0,1323
14 72 0,51 0,6940 0,61 0,0853
15 72 0,51 0,6940 0,65 0,0418
16 72 0,51 0,6940 0,70 0,0017
17 72 0,51 0,6940 0,74 0,0452
18 72 0,51 0,6940 0,78 0,0887
19 76 1,18 0,8816 0,83 0,0556
20 80 1,86 0,9685 0,87 0,0989

Where:
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Zi =𝑋𝑖−𝑥𝑠 , x 1 = 69 dan s1 = 4,27

F(zi) =P(z≤ zi)

have a lot of z 1 , z 2 … . z n ≤ zi
S(zi) =
n

Based on the table above L0= 0,1720 with n =20 and in significant level

α = 0,05 from Lilliefors table, the researcher got Ltable = 0,173 Because L0 <L,

0,1720< 0,173. So, it was proved that of data was normal.

Table 4.7 List of post test for the Control group

F(Zi)-
No Xi Zi F(Zi) S(Zi)
S(zi)
1 56 -1,62 0,0523 0,04 0,0088
2 56 -1,62 0,0523 0,09 0,0346
3 60 -0,95 0,1719 0,13 0,0415
4 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,17 0,2195
5 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,22 0,1760
6 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,26 0,1325
7 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,30 0,0891
8 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,35 0,0456
9 64 -0,27 0,3934 0,39 0,0021
10 68 0,41 0,6575 0,43 0,2227
11 68 0,41 0,6575 0,48 0,1792
12 68 0,41 0,6575 0,52 0,1358
13 68 0,41 0,6575 0,57 0,0923
14 68 0,41 0,6575 0,61 0,0488
15 68 0,41 0,6575 0,65 0,0053
16 68 0,41 0,6575 0,70 0,0381
17 68 0,41 0,6575 0,74 0,0816
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18 68 0,41 0,6575 0,78 0,1251

19 72 1,08 0,8603 0,83 0,0342
20 72 1,08 0,8603 0,87 0,0092

Where:

Zi =𝑥𝑖−𝑥𝑠, x =65,6 and S2 = 4,38

F(Zi) = P(z≤ zi)

have a lot of zi , z 2 … … … … zn ≤ zi
S(Zi) =
n

Based on the table above L0= 0,2227 with n =20 and in significant level α =

0,05 from Lilliefors table, the researcher got Ltable = 0,173.Because L0<L, 0,2227<

0,173. It means that data was normal.

3. T-test

From the previous calculation, it had been an average value of the

experimental group. (𝑥𝑖) = 69, variance (S12)= 18,31 while the average value for

the control group ( x 2¿ ¿ = 65,6 Variance (S22) = 19,2. Based on these data, then

the researcher did the examination toward the truth hypothesis. Hypothesis testing

was using t-test with the formula:

x 1−x 2
t score =
S Gab
√ 1 1
+
n1 n2

From the data that the researcher found above:

n1= 20 n2 =20
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x1 =69 x2 = 65,6

S12 = 4,27 S22 = 4,38

The combination of standard deviation for both of classes are

2 ( n1−1 ) S21 +(n2−1) S 22

S Gab =
(n1 +n2−2)

2 ( 20−1 ) 4 ,2 7+ (20−1 ) 4 ,3 8
S Gab =
(20+18)

81 ,13+ 83 ,22
=
38

164 , 35
=
38

𝑆𝑔𝑎𝑏2 = 4,32

S gab =√ 4 ,3 2 = 2,07
2

So that ttest :

x 1−x 2

√
t score = 1 1
S Gab +
n1 n2

69−65 ,6
=
2 ,07
11
20+20 √
3,4
= = 16,42
0,207

4.2 Hypothesis Authentication

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In this section, the researcher would like to explain the research result after

collecting data and analyzing it by using statistical formula as mentioned in

previous chapter. The purpose of this research is to know significant differences

in achievement between the students who are taught speaking by using question

and answer method from those who are taught speaking by using lecture method.

There were two hypotheses in this research, the hypothesis that will tested

in this research are as follows:

Ha : µ1 > µ2 : There is significant differences in achievement between the

students who are taught speaking by using question and answer method

from those who are taught speaking by using lecture method.

H0 : µ1 ≤ µ2 : There is not significant differences in achievement

between the students who are taught speaking by using question and

answer method from those who are taught speaking by using lecture

method.

To comparing t test and t , it is necessary to calculate the degree of

table

freedom (df) based on significant standard 5% (α = 0,05).

The statistical determine degree of freedom (df) formula is:

(n1+ n2- 2)

Where:

df : degree of freedoms

n1 : the subject of the sample in control group

n2 : the subject of the sample in control class

So, degree of freedom that used in this research was:

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df =(n1+ n2- 2) = 20+20 -2 =38

From distribution table t obtained t 1−α = t 1−0 ,05=0 , 95. because df =

38, is not in the table, the researcher interpolation approach and t (0 , 95)(38) = 1,66.

Based on the quantification result, the mean score of post test both experimental

and control class were different. The mean score of experimental class is 69, and

the mean score of control class is 65,6. Beside, the obtained t-test score 16,42 was

higher than the critical value 1,66 for degree of freedom 38 sample both class was

40. Based on the calculation above that t test >t table =16,42> 1,66. It means that the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, while null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected.

The research indicated that the experimental class achievement was better than

control class. They got improvement in teaching speaking. Therefore, the

researcher concluded that the use of question and answer method in teaching

speaking was effective.