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Simulation Bifacial Axis Tracker From Next Tracker

This document summarizes production estimates for a solar PV project and discusses the sensitivity of those estimates. It notes that two satellite-based weather estimation tools were used that had a 20% spread. An initial bid used the lower estimate of 1892 kWh/kW, which corresponds to the P90 production level. The most aggressive simulation estimated 2511 kWh/kW (P10 level). Going forward, the document recommends using the P50 level of 2200 kWh/kW, which is closer to weather in Phoenix than San Francisco. It also notes that a weather station needs to be installed as soon as possible.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
164 views12 pages

Simulation Bifacial Axis Tracker From Next Tracker

This document summarizes production estimates for a solar PV project and discusses the sensitivity of those estimates. It notes that two satellite-based weather estimation tools were used that had a 20% spread. An initial bid used the lower estimate of 1892 kWh/kW, which corresponds to the P90 production level. The most aggressive simulation estimated 2511 kWh/kW (P10 level). Going forward, the document recommends using the P50 level of 2200 kWh/kW, which is closer to weather in Phoenix than San Francisco. It also notes that a weather station needs to be installed as soon as possible.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Additional Production Information

● We have used to satellite based weather estimate tools that have a spread of ~20%
● In the first bid, we used the lower production estimate (1892), which corresponds to
the P90 in the graph.
● The most aggressive simulation lead to 2511kWh/kW, which corresponds to the P10
● Assuming the weather is closer to PHX than SF, let’s go with the P50 (2200kWh/kW)
going forward
● Need to install a weather station ASAP

Summary of Production Estimate Sensitivity

19​ | ​Page dissigno


Jairo Criollo - Head of Business Development
+1 (646) 671-1502
PVSYST V6.70 Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States) 04/06/18 Page 1/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters


Project : Sloane 1of 5 - 6.7
Geographical Site La Loma Country Colombia
Situation Latitude 9.62° N Longitude -73.59° W
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT-5 Altitude 48 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: La Loma NASA-SSE satellite data, 1983-2005 - Synthetic

Simulation variant : GCRp4SGwp5LIDLongi365_bifac1nasa


Simulation date 04/06/18 20h37

Simulation parameters System type Trackers single array, backtracking


Tracking plane, tilted Axis Axis Tilt 0° Axis Azimuth 0°
Rotation Limitations Minimum Phi -60° Maximum Phi 60°

Backtracking strategy Nb. of trackers 153 Single array


Tracker Spacing 5.00 m Collector width 2.00 m
Inactive band Left 0.02 m Right 0.02 m
Backtracking limit angle Phi limits +/- 65.8° Ground cov. Ratio (GCR) 40.0 %

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm


Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings Linear shadings
Bi-facial system Model Unlimited trackers, 2D calculation
Tracker Spacing 5.00 m Tracker width 2.04 m
Backtracking limit angle 65.8° GCR 40.8 %
Ground albedo 20.0 % Axis height above ground 2.10 m
Module bifaciality factor 76 % Rear shading factor 5.0 %
Module transparency 10.0 % Rear mismatch loss 10.0 %

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model LR6-72 BP 365 M
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi Solar
Number of PV modules In series 28 modules In parallel 2400 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 67200 Unit Nom. Power 365 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 24528 kWp At operating cond. 22211 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 1015 V I mpp 21892 A
Total area Module area 132523 m²

Inverter Model SG2500U_CEC Efficiency


Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Sungrow
Characteristics Operating Voltage 800-1300 V Unit Nom. Power 2500 kWac
Max. power (=>45°C) 2750 kWac
Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 8 units Total Power 20000 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.23

PV Array loss factors


Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 0.87 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.7 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.5 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %

PVsyst Licensed to Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States)


PVSYST V6.70 Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States) 04/06/18 Page 2/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters


Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05

System loss factors


External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 24087 W Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 0.1 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

PVsyst Licensed to Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States)


PVSYST V6.70 Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States) 04/06/18 Page 3/5

Grid-Connected System: Near shading definition


Project : Sloane 1of 5 - 6.7
Simulation variant : GCRp4SGwp5LIDLongi365_bifac1nasa

Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected


Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tracking, tilted axis, Axis Tilt 0° Axis Azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR6-72 BP 365 M Pnom 365 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 67200 Pnom total 24528 kWp
Inverter Model SG2500U_CEC Efficiency Pnom 2500 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 20000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

Iso-shadings diagram
Sloane 1of 5 - 6.7
Beam shading factor (linear calculation) : Iso-shadings curves
90
Shading loss: 1 % Attenuation for diffuse: 0.000 3
Shading loss: 5 % and albedo: 0.000
Shading loss: 10 % 4 212h
Shading loss: 20 % 1
75
1S1hhadingloss: 40 %
13h
5

60 10h
6 14h
7
Sun height [[°]]

9h
45 15h

8h
16h
30 1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
7h 4: 20 mar - 23 sep
17h
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
15
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december

0
-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Azimuth [[°]]

PVsyst Licensed to Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States)


PVSYST V6.70 Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States) 04/06/18 Page 4/5

Grid-Connected System: Main results


Project : Sloane 1of 5 - 6.7
Simulation variant : GCRp4SGwp5LIDLongi365_bifac1nasa

Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected


Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tracking, tilted axis, Axis Tilt 0° Axis Azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR6-72 BP 365 M Pnom 365 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 67200 Pnom total 24528 kWp
Inverter Model SG2500U_CEC Efficiency Pnom 2500 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 20000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results


System Production Produced Energy 54858 MWh/year Specific prod. 2237 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 86.51 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 24528 kWp Performance Ratio PR

10 1.0

Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.78 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.865
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.18 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 6.13 kWh/kWp/day
8 0.8
[kWh/kWp/day]

Performance Ratio PR

6 0.6
Energy

4 0.4
Normalized

2 0.2

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

GCRp4SGwp5LIDLongi365_bifac1nasa
Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR


kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh

January 178.9 44.00 25.51 231.4 223.9 5053 4911 0.865


February 163.5 48.40 26.88 210.9 203.8 4563 4434 0.857
March 186.0 62.00 27.64 238.3 230.0 5141 4997 0.855
April 170.4 67.20 26.10 215.0 206.6 4679 4548 0.862
May 167.4 67.90 25.39 209.2 201.0 4582 4454 0.868
June 166.5 62.40 25.34 210.6 202.4 4626 4499 0.871
July 182.0 62.60 25.45 233.6 225.1 5108 4967 0.867
August 179.5 66.00 25.51 229.7 221.1 4997 4856 0.862
September 163.2 65.10 24.90 203.0 195.3 4425 4299 0.863
October 156.9 62.30 24.53 195.6 187.9 4287 4166 0.868
November 152.1 51.90 24.46 195.9 188.1 4313 4192 0.873
December 164.9 45.90 24.43 212.1 204.5 4666 4535 0.872

Year 2031.3 705.70 25.50 2585.3 2489.5 56440 54858 0.865

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio

PVsyst Licensed to Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States)


PVSYST V6.70 Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States) 04/06/18 Page 5/5

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram


Project : Sloane 1of 5 - 6.7
Simulation variant : GCRp4SGwp5LIDLongi365_bifac1nasa

Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected


Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tracking, tilted axis, Axis Tilt 0° Axis Azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR6-72 BP 365 M Pnom 365 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 67200 Pnom total 24528 kWp
Inverter Model SG2500U_CEC Efficiency Pnom 2500 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 20000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

2031 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation


+27.3% Global incident in coll. plane

0.0% Global incident below threshold


-2.5% Near Shadings: irradiance loss
-1.6% IAM factor on global
+0.4% Ground reflection on front side

Bi-facial
Global incident on ground
1143 kWh/m² on 324811 m²

-80.0%
Ground reflection loss (albedo)

-66.5% View Factor for rear side

+18.6% Sky diffuse on the rear side

0.0% Beam effective on the rear side


-5.0% Shadings loss on rear side
8.5% Incident irradiation on rear side (211 kWh/m2)
2490 kWh/m² * 132523 m² coll. Effective irradiance on collectors
efficiency at STC = 18.53% PV conversion, Bifaciality factor = 0.76
65072 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)
-0.3% PV loss due to irradiance level
-8.5% PV loss due to temperature
+0.5% Module quality loss

-2.0% LID - Light induced degradation


-1.1% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.9% Mismatch for back irradiance
-1.5% Ohmic wiring loss
56487 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.7% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)


-0.1% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.0% Night consumption
55447 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-1.1% External transfo loss


54858 MWh Energy injected into grid

PVsyst Licensed to Enfio Technologies, LLC (United States)


NX Horizon Self-Powered Tracker

Our most amazing tracker yet.


In our mission to make solar a mainstream energy source, NEXTracker has engineered the most intelligent
and flexible tracking technology yet. Using sustainable design methods with outcomes that benefit
people and the planet, we bring you: NX Horizon™.
NX Horizon (formerly referred to as the Self-Powered Tracker or SPT), brings self-contained motor power
to each row, eliminating power wiring and trenching. Our advanced horizontal tracker ihas the widest
rotational range available, lowest O&M costs, and requires far less power to operate than other trackers.
By offering more powerful systems at a greater value, NEXTracker enables greater deployment of
renewable energy worldwide.

NX Horizon key features and benefits include:


– Self-powered system with smart performance on the array, protecting the PV modules in harsh
communications: Self-contained units on each environments. NX Horizon solar trackers also have
row include a dedicated PV panel toprovide a mechanically balanced row design that align PV
power to the controller which drives themotor panels with the tracker’s axis of rotation – which
and hosts intelligent control electronics to posi- greatly reduces row torque, using less energy from
tion each tracker. With smart communications the motor to track throughout the day.
built in, NX Horizon systems can be accessed
– Self-grounded system with theft-proof fasteners:
remotely, providing customers with a granular
NX Horizon is the world’s first horizontal tracker with
view to optimize tracker performance, operations
an entirely self-grounded design. This means no
and maintenance.
separate bonding hardware is required. You save
– Independent balanced rows with 120 degree on material and associated costs by eliminating
rotational range: Each NX Horizon row has its grounding washers, braided straps, bare copper
own controlled motor with rotational range that wire, and grounding rods. What’s more, we’ve
delivers up to 2% more energy than typical linked designed our own fasteners that can only be
row trackers. These agile, independent rows stow removed with special tools – deterring PV theft.
in less than 90 seconds to reduce wind forces
NX Horizon Specifications
Tracking Technology Horizontal single-axis balanced-mass tracker with independently-driven rows
Tracking Range Up to 120° (± 60°)
Control System 1 Self-Powered Controller (SPC) per tracker; 1 Network Control Unit (NCU) per 100 SPCs
Communications Wireless ZigBee® mesh network/SCADA; no communication wiring required
Drive System One slew gear, 24 VDC motor and self-powered controller w/dedicated solar panel per row
DC Capacity 23-35kWp per tracker row, depending on panel type. Row length up to 90 panels.
System Voltage 1,500 volt or 1,500 volt
Power Consumption No grid power required
Ground Coverage Ratio Fully configurable by customer; typical range 33%-50%

Installation Method Rapid field assembly, no welding required

Foundation Types Compatible with all major foundation types (driven pier, concrete foundation, ground screw)
Standard Wind Design 100 mph/161 kph, 3 second gust per ASCE7-10; configurable for higher wind speeds
Safety Stowing Automated wind and snow stowing with self-contained backup power; no external power required
Torsional Limiter Included at each foundation/bearing for additional wind and snow load protection
Principal Materials Galvanized and stainless steel

Grounding Method Self-grounding structure; separate materials and labor not required
Compliance Grounding/bonding: UL2703; structural design: ASCE7-10
Other Available Options Snow and flood sensors
Warranty 10 years on structural components; 5 years on drive and control systems
Typical Dimensions Height 2.1 m/6.8 ft (@ 60°), Width 2.0 m/6.4 ft, Length 85 m/283 ft

Typical 72-cell c-Si configuration: 85 m row with 80 panels mounted in portrait:

6.4 ft
[1.96 m]

printed on post-consumer waste paper

6.8 ft
[2.08 m]

4.0 ft
[1.22 m]
60˚
3.3 ft
[1.00 m]

1.2 ft 6200 Paseo Padre Parkway


[.36 m]
Fremont, CA 94555 USA
+1 510 270 2500
nextracker.com

© NEXTracker Inc. Contents subject to change without notice. MKT-000037 Rev. C


SG2500U
Turnkey Station for North America 1500 Vdc System

High Yield Easy O&M


Advanced three-level technology, max. Integrated current and voltage monitoring function
efficiency 98.8% for online analysis and fast trouble shooting
Effective cooling, 1.1 overload capacity, no Modular design, easy for maintenance
derating up to 50 ℃ Convenient external LCD
Max. DC/AC ratio more than 1.5

Saved Investment Grid Support


Low transportation and installation cost due to Comply with UL 1741, UL 1741 SA, IEEE
10-foot container design 1547, Rule 21 and NEC code
DC 1500 V system, low system cost Grid support including L/HVRT, L/HFRT,
Integrated LV auxiliary power supply soft start/stop, specified power factor
control and reactive power support

Circuit Diagram CEC Efficiency Curve

DC 100%
AC AC
DC Filter EMI
Filter 98%
Efficiency

DC L1
96%
DC Bus Inverter Circuit 1 AC AC
DC EMI (DC/AC) Contactor Breaker L2 Vdc=800 V
DC
Filter 94%
L3 Vdc=900 V
DC DC
Fuse Switch 92% Vdc=1200 V
AC AC
EMI
DC
Filter
Filter 90%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
DC Bus Inverter Circuit 2 AC AC
DC SPD
(DC/AC) Contactor Breaker
AC SPD
Normalized Output Power

© 2018 Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Subject to change without notice. Version 1.0
SG2500U

Input (DC) SG2500U


Max. PV input voltage 1500V
Min. PV input voltage / Startup input voltage 800 V / 840 V
MPP voltage range for nominal power 800 – 1300 V
No. of independent MPP inputs 1
No. of DC inputs 18 – 28
Max. PV input current 3508 A
Max. DC short-circuit current 4210 A
PV array configuration Negative grounding

Output (AC)
AC output power 2750 kVA @ 45 ˚C / 2500 kVA @ 50 ˚C
Max. AC output current 2886 A
Nominal AC voltage 550 V
AC voltage range 484 - 605 V
Nominal grid frequency / Grid frequency range 50 Hz / 45 – 55 Hz, 60 Hz / 55 – 65 Hz
THD < 3 % (at nominal power)
DC current injection < 0.5 % In
Power factor at nominal power / Adjustable power factor > 0.99 / 0.8 leading – 0.8 lagging
Feed-in phases / Connection phases 3/3

Efficiency
Max. efficiency / CEC efficiency 98.8 % / 98.5 %

Protection
DC input protection Load break switch + fuse
AC output protection Circuit breaker
Overvoltage protection DC Type II / AC Type II
Grid monitoring / Ground fault monitoring Yes / Yes
Insulation monitoring Optional
Overheat protection Yes
Night SVG function Optional

General Data
Dimensions (W*H*D) 2991*2896*2438 mm 117.8''*114.0''*96.0"
Weight 6.9 T 15211.9 lb
Isolation method Transformerless
Degree of protection NEMA 3R
Auxiliary power supply 110 Vac, 5 kVA / Optional: 480 Vac, 30 kVA
Operating ambient temperature range -30 to 60 ℃ (> 50 ℃ derating) -22 to 140 ℉ (> 122 ℉ derating)
Allowable relative humidity range (non-condensing) 0 – 95 %
Cooling method Temperature controlled forced air cooling
Max. operating altitude 4000 m (> 2000 m derating) 13123 ft (> 6561 ft derating)
Display Touch screen
Communication Standard: RS485, Ethernet; Optional: optical fiber
Compliance UL 1741, IEEE 1547, UL1741 SA, NEC Standard
Grid support Night SVG function (optional), L/HVRT, L/HFRT, active & reactive
power control and power ramp rate control

© 2018 Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Subject to change without notice. Version 1.0

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