LOVELY NETH ANGEL D.

ECRAELA BPED 2-A

HISTORY HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

Dr James Naismith, a teacher in YMCA Springfield, wanted to keep his gym class busy on rainy
days. And this is how the game was invented in the early December of 1981. He nailed a peach
basket on a ten-foot-high track and eventually removed its bottom so that the balls (which
were actually soccer balls!) weren't needed to be retained manually.

The FIBA (French Fédération Internationale de Basketball) was founded in 1932, and men's
basketball tournament was first held in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Whereas, the women's
basketball tournament was first held in the 1976 Olympics. Also, the first FIBA basketball world
championship for men was held in 1950, while the first women's championships were held in
1953.

The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was founded in 1946, and it was one of the first
bodies to govern professional basketball matches. Three years later in 1949, it was merged with
the National Basketball League (NBL), hence forming the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Ten years later in 1959, the basketball hall of fame was formed at Springfield, Massachusetts.

BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL

The following are the five most important basketball fundamentals, in no specific order:

 Dribbling - Dribbling is perhaps the most important basketball fundamental for all
players. This offensive skill will allow you to move up and down the court, maneuver
past defenders and execute plays. As players move up in level, dribbling requires ball-
handling skills with both hands and the ability to perform a variety of crossovers.

 Shooting - In order to score points and be an effective offensive player in the game of
basketball, you need to be able to shoot the ball into the hoop. A proper shot requires
precise aiming, arm extension, lift from the legs, and a strong follow through. There are
different types of shots you need to learn, including layups, free throws, and three-
pointers.

 Defense - The aim of defense is to stop the opposing team from getting good shooting
and scoring opportunities. A team may never beat a basketball game if they don’t play
excellent defense; thus it’s a quality that everyone should acquire.

 Rebounding - On both the offensive and defensive ends, rebounding is the way of
regulating shot attempts. Managing the most missed shots results in more scoring
chances and, in turn, more scores for a team.
  Passing - Is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete
basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is
open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference
between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a
basketball team and usually the ones who set up scoring plays.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT'S

Basketball Court Dimensions

Court Size
o The size of the basketball court depends on the playing level. The size of the court for
NBA and College games is 94 feet long and 50 feet wide. It is smaller for High School and
Junior High competitions.

The Backboard and Rim

o The regulation height above the ground for the rim (hoop) is 10 feet, and the rim is 18
inches in diameter. Backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall, with the
inner square being 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall.

The Foul Line

o For all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of the backboard.

The Key
o The key is 12 feet wide, and is the same for all basketball courts. The backboard extends
4 feet out over the baseline into the key. A half circle of diameter 6 feet extends from
the foul line away from the basket to complete the key.
The 3 Point Line (Arc)
o For NBA Basketball Courts the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides
with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those points,
the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.

Line Markings
o All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.

Equipments

 Backboard - A backboard is a raised vertical board made from plexiglass (or tempered
glass) which stands ten feet from the ground. The basket/net is usually mounted on the
backboard.

 Basketball Ball - A ball used in basketball games has different sizes according to
different federations in which it's used.

 Breakaway Rim - A highly flexible basketball rim that bends downward whenever a
player dunks the basketball and then snaps back into its original position. It allows the
player to dunk the ball without breaking the backboard and also helps prevent wrist
injuries. 4)

 Basketball Court - The basketball court is usually made up of maple wood or concrete or
asphalt. Its dimensions vary according to various federations you consider.
NBA - 94 by 50 feet FIBA - 91.9 by 49.2 feet.

 Basketball – Basket - A basket is a round shaped metallic rim from which the net hangs.
The baskets are supported by a backboard and are mounted on top of the pole that is
usually 10 ft. above the ground.

 Basketball – Mouthguard - Mouth guard covers teeth and gums and is used by players
to protect their teeth, arches, lips and gums from injuries.

 Basketball - Shoes - Basketball players wear shoes with air cushioned soles that provide
comfort during fast-moving play.

 Basketball - Clothing - Players wear loose-fitting, lightweight vest or tank tops and
shorts that provide total freedom of body movement.
 OFFICIATING OFFICIALS

The game of basketball is not officiated only by referees, there is a whole group of officials to
manage a game and to keep things on track. The group includes referee, umpires, scorer,
timekeeper and shot clock operator.

Though each official has his own responsibilities but their collective motive is to run a game
smoothly, to ensure the enforcement of rules and to maintain the order of the game. Below is
an overview of the responsibilities of each official.

Referees
 Referees are the main officials of the game. They are the ones who are actually
responsible for enforcing rules and regulations and calling fouls and violations. The
number of referees officiating a game depends on the level of play. In NBA, a crew chief
and two referees are assigned to conduct a game and there official uniform is gray shirt
and black pant. In international basketball or NCAA game, it can be either one referee
and one umpire or one referee and two umpires officiate a game. They wear typical
black and white stripped shirts and black pants.

Lead Referee
 Lead referee (also known as crew chief in NBA) is the in charge of the game. Normally,
all two or three referees are independent in terms of making their decisions but in case
of a dispute, it’s the lead referee whose verdict is considered final.

Scorers
 Scorer play supportive role in the game of the basketball. There can be one or two
scorers in a game depending on the rules of the league and their job is to write down
the stats relevant to the game. They keep a running summary of points scored, notify
field goals and free throws made and missed. They also record the fouls called on each
player and informs a referee if sixth fouls is called against a player (to eject him from
game). Also notes the timeouts and let the referee knows if all timeouts have been used
up by a team.

Timers
 Timer assists referee in recording time. Generally, two timers are appointed by the
league. One is official timer who operates the game clock and the other is shot clock
operator who operates 24 second clock. Official timer alerts referee when each half is
going to start and stops the clock when any kind of interruption occurs during a game
(fouls, out of bounds, timeouts etc) while shot clock timer informs referee when a
player takes 24 or more seconds to shoot a ball (keeping the ball in possession for 24
seconds or more is a violation).
 RULE'S AND REGULATIONS

The Rules of Basketball

 The team consists of 15 players with 5 players playing inside the court
 2 forwards (power and small), 2 guards (point and shooting), and a center
 The goal of the game is to score more points than the opposing team
 The game start with a tip off
 Once the team has won the possession of the ball, they have up to 24 seconds to shoot the
ball towards the opponent’s basket
 The basket are 10 feet above the ground on a court that is generally about 94ft. long by
50ft. wide (in the NBA) and varies depending on where you play
 The NBA court is 50 feet wide by 94 feet long; the Olympic court is 49 feet by 92 feet.
 To move the ball up the court, you can either pass the ball to a teammate or dribble the
ball where you bounce the ball up and down repeatedly whilst in motion
 To score points, a player must shoot the ball into the opponents’ basket
 The team gets 2 points for any shots scored within the arc
 The team gets 3 points for any shots outside the arc
 Any free throws awarded to a team scores 1 point
 Failure to shoot the ball within 24 seconds results in a shot clock violation and the other
team will awarded possession of the ball
 The opposing team will try to take the ball by either blocking shots, rebounding, a missed
shot, or by stealing the ball away
 The game is played in 4x12 minute quarters in the NBA, 4X10 minute quarters
internationally, 2x20 halves in the NCAA
 There are no ties in basketball, so if the scores tied at the end of regulation, overtime
periods will be played to determine the winner

Violations

 Violations – are generally called when you break one of the rules Shot clock violation – if
you’ve not shot the ball within 24 seconds
 Three in the key or 3 second rule – a player cannot stay in the key, which is this section
of the court for more than 3 seconds. An offensive player shall not remain for more than
three seconds in that part of his free throw lane between the end line and extended off the
court and the farther edge of the free-throw line
 while the ball is in control of his team Double dribble – a player only allowed to dribble
the ball and stop once, if a player then begins to dribble again this is known as double
dribble
 Travelling – if a player takes to many steps without dribbling the ball, this is travelling
 Charging – a violation in which the attacking players runs into a stationary defender. A
foul called when an offensive player collides with a defensive player who is stationary
 and has both feet firmly planted on the floor (established position). When an offensive
player makes a basket while committing a charging foul, the basket does not count.
 5/8 second violation – after a basket, the offensive player has 5 or 8 seconds to get the
ball over midcourt (depending on the rules of your respective league).
 5 second violation - when a team is inbounding the basketball, if they are unable to pass
the ball into play within five seconds, they are charged with a violation and it results in a
loss of possession
 8 second violation - whenever a team inbounds the ball or recuperates the possession on
their backcourt, they have 8 seconds to cross the midcourt line into the frontcourt
 Palming/Carrying – a violation in which a player moves his hand under the ball and
scoops it while dribbling. When you place your hand underneath the basketball during a
dribbling motion and when you grip the ball with your dribbling hand to impede the
dribbling motion.
 Goaltending – when a defensive player interferes illegally with a shot on the rim or on a
downward path to the hoop, the shot is assumed in and the opposing team receives the
basket.
 Kicking – if the ball touches the player below the kneecap, the other team is awarded
possession.
 Backcourt violation – touching the ball in the backcourt after it has entered the frontcourt
and was not last touched by the other team. When the offense fails to bring the ball from
the backcourt to the frontcourt within eight seconds after gaining possession.

Fouls

 Personal foul – occur when a player commits illegal contact against another player.
Players can incur personal fouls by pushing, blocking, or striking another player in the act
of shooting.
 If an attacking player makes contact with a defender in his space, then it’s called an
offensive foul against the attacker. If a defender makes contact with an attacker in his
space, then it’s called defensive foul against the defender. Any foul in the act of shooting
results in free throws being awarded to the attacking team. 2 shot for fouls inside the arc,
and 3 shots for fouls outside the arc.
 Flagrant foul – occur when a player has made violent contact against another player, this
always results in the other team being awarded 2 free throws and retains possession.
 Flagrant Foul Penalty 1: Unnecessary contact committed by a player against an opponent
 Flagrant Foul Penalty 2: Unnecessary and excessive contact committed by a player
against an opponent
When a flagrant foul call is made, referees conduct a review and consider the following:
o Whether the foul call be categorized as a flagrant 1 or flagrant 2 (thus
ejection) or stay as a common foul or changed to a technical foul
o Whether any other players committed unsportsmanlike acts immediately prior
to and/or immediately following the foul.
  Technical foul – are fouls that don’t fit the description of either a personal or flagrant
foul. Technical fouls can be awarded for fighting, unsportsmanlike conduct, or abuse
from players and coaches against referees. 2 technical fouls equal an automatic ejection

5 team fouls = free throws for every foul

TERMINOLOGIES

 Air ball: A shot that misses the rim or backboard.

 Alive: Offensive player who has the ball and has not dribbled.
 Alternating Possession Rule: The possession arrow changes direction after each
subsequent jump ball or held ball situation, alternating which team gets possession for
the throw-in. The first possession after a held ball goes to the team who lost the
opening jump ball to begin the game.
 Assist: A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.
 Backboard: The flat surface directly behind the basket. The basket is connected to the
backboard.
 Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and receives a
pass for a field-goal attempt.
 Ball Handler: The player with the ball. Usually the guard at the start of the play.
 Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the backboard at such an
angle that it then drops into the basket.
 Basket: Consists of the rim and the net, also known as ‘the hoop’.
 Basketball: A round ball made of rubber, leather or synthetic leather. Comes in 3
different sizes (size 5, 6 or 7).
 Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is estimating
where they should be.
 Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way
to the basket, and preventing a field goal.
 Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to legally prevent an opponent’s
advance. It is the opposite of charging.
 Boards: The backboard which the ring or basket is attached or slang for a ‘rebound’ –
the act of a player grabbing the ball after a missed shot attempt.
 Boxing out: The defensive player turns and faces the basket following a shot and with
his or her back to the opponent, and ensures that the player being guarded can’t
‘rebound’ the ball.
 Charging: An offensive foul, which occurs when an offensive player runs into a defender
who has established position.
 Court vision: A player’s ability to see everything on the court during play.
 Crossover dribble: When a ball handler dribbles the ball across their body from one
hand to the other.
 Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantage
over the defense usually directed towards the basket.
 Dead: Offensive player has the ball and has already used their dribble. They must now
either pass or shot the ball.
 Dead Ball: Any player with the ball that is not ‘live’. This occurs after each successful
field goal, free-throw attempt, after any official’s whistle or if the ball leaves the court,
then play is stopped.
 Defense: The act of preventing the offense from scoring. Defense is the team without
the ball.
 Down court: The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt to its frontcourt
and towards its own basket.
 Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion of the ball
and beginning to dribble again. Results in a violation and turnover.
 Downtown: Referred to as a shot that was considered to distant for the normal shooter
to take or in the ‘3-point’ area.
 Dribble: The act of bouncing the ball up and down. The offensive player with the ball
uses the dribble to move the ball around the court.
 Drive: The movement of an offensive player while aggressively dribbling towards the
basket in an attempt to score.
 Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the opponent’s basket
from above.
 Established Position: When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor
before an offensive player’s head and shoulder gets past them. The offensive player who
runs into such a defender is charging.
 Exhibition Game: The act of playing another team and the outcome not being counted
in any league standings.
 Fake: A movement made with the aim of deceiving an opponent. This can be done with
either a pass or a shot fake.
 Fastbreak: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive team in hopes
of getting ahead of the defense to score.
 Feed: To pass the ball to a teammate who is in a scoring position.
 Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play. It is worth
two points.
 Flagrant Foul: This is unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
 Floor: The area of the court within the end lines and the sidelines.
 Floor Violation: A player’s action that violates rules but does not prevent an opponent’s
movement (traveling, double dribble, etc.). They are penalized by a loss in possession.
 Foul: Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations. They are
penalized by a change in possession or free throw opportunities.
 Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed five fouls.
 Foul Shot or Free Throw: An unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a player whose
opponent committed a personal or technical foul, which is worth one point.
 Free Ball: A ball, which is in play but is not in the possession of either team, also called a
‘loose ball’.
 Free Throw: The act of shooting the ball from the marked free throw line (ranging 10-
15 feet from the basket) while the remaining players line up down the ‘key’. Shot is
taken at the result of a foul or technical foul being called.
 Give and Go: An offensive play in which a player passes the ball to a teammate and cuts
towards the basket for a return pass to score.
 Goaltending: Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while the ball is on,
over, or within the rim. Also touching the ball on its downward flight to the basket
before it hits the rim.
 Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent them from
getting close to the basket, taking an open short or making easy passes.
 Half time: The rest period between two halves of the game. Usually 5 minutes in
length.
 Hand checking: Illegal use of hands, usually on the back or hips of the offensive player.
 High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, typically taken near the
hoop.
 High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on offense.
 Hoop: The basketball rim and backboard players shoot the ball towards in attempt to
score points. Also referred to as the ‘basket’.
 In the Paint: Being in the large rectangle area under each basket or the foul lane area,
which is painted a different color. AKA ‘the key’.
 Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.
 Incidental Contact: Minor contact usually overlooked by officials which does not give
the opposing team an unfair advantage or affect the outcome of the game.
 Inside Shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
 Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor, enabling the
player to shoot over the defender.
 Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under the basket
and using one hand to shoot the ball off the backboard.
 Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
 Lower Percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, usually taken
further away from the hoop.
 Match-ups: Any pairing of players on opposing teams who guard each other.
 Outlet Pass: The first pass made after a defensive rebound to a teammate to start a
fastbreak.
 Outside Shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter, further away from the hoop.
 Pass: When a player throws the ball to a teammate to advance the ball during a
possession.
 Personal Foul: Contact between players, which may result in excessive physical contact
or provide one team with an unfair advantage. Players may not push, hold, trip, hack,
elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent. These are also counted as team fouls.
 Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler
who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
 Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.
 Post Position: The position of a player standing in the low post or high post in the ‘key’
area near the hoop.
 Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it rebounds from
the backboard or the ring after a missed shot.
 Receiver: The player who receives a pass from the ball handler.
 Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and integrity of the
game.
 Sag: When a defender moves away from their opponent toward the basket they are
defending. Scrimmage: Practice play between squads of one team.
 Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket in attempts to score.
 Shooter’s roll: This is the ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the
rim and into the basket.
 Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their shots.
 Squaring up: When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as they release the ball for
a shot. This is considered good shooting position.
 Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.
 Strong Side/Weak Side: Whichever side of the key that the ball is on when on offense is
called the strong side. The other side is the weak side. If the ball changes sides, the weak
side is now the strong side.
 Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
 Switch: Two defensive players change checks during live play.
 Technical Foul: A special violation called at the discretion of the referee towards
players, coaches or the team. Infractions include an intentional or flagrant contact foul,
unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions detrimental to the spirit of the game.
 Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
 Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and teams discuss
strategy and a moment to allow players to rest.
 Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.
 Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.
 Violation: An infringement of the rules, which does not involve contact. The opposing
team is awarded the ball for a throw-in from out of bounds.