12

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
First Quarter
Module 2
Understanding Oneself
During Middle and Late
Adolescence

1
 12

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
First Quarter
Module 2
Understanding Oneself
During Middle and Late
Adolescence

2
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on Understanding

Oneself During Middle and Late Adolescence.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

Expected Learning Outcome - This lays out the learning outcome that you
are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

Pre-Test – This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you
are about to take.

Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important knowledge,
principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning
outcome.

Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the knowledge
and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to further
enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.

Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find the
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

What I Need to Know

3
 At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

 share unique characteristics, habits and experiences.

(EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2)

What I Know
A. Read and understand the questions below. Write the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. Skills also determine whether real actions are performed in

accordance with the plan. Which skills allow you to focus only on
achieving a specific goal without being distracted by less important
things or spontaneous desires?
a. Persistence c. Self-confidence
b. Creativity d. Determination
2. Which skills helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the
environment and other people?
a. Managing stress c. Problem-solving Skills
b. Generating ideas d. Self- confidence
3. Idea is a mental image of an object formed by the human mind,
which can be changed before being implemented in the real world.
Which skills help you to achieve goals using new, original and
unconventional ideas?
a. Managing stress c. Problem-solving Skills
b. Self-concept d. Generating ideas
4. Which skills allow you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a
specific action that no one has tried to use?
a. Persistence c. Creativity
b. Self-concept d. determination
5. Most failures emanate from weakness that are not recognized or
probably recognized but not given appropriate attention or remedy.
This could be a weakness in communications, personality or ability.
Instead of giving up or indulging in self-pity, take action. Which is
an appropriate remedy to perceive your weakness?
a. Go for speech lessons c. Sleep overnight
b. Stay at home d. Stay and relax

6. What do you call the behaviors that we perform on a daily basis?

a. Habits c. Behaviors
b. Cues d. Rewards

4
B. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if it is incorrect. Write
your answers in your notebook.

1. A cue triggers a behavior. If you eat at the same time everyday, time
is the trigger, eating is a behavior- you call that a habit.
2. Habit is formed when three things come together: cue, behaviour and
punishment.
3. The more often the cue, behavior and reward occur in close time and
proximity to one another, the weaker a habit becomes.
4. The same goal can be reached with different costs by different people.
5. Persistence makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging
obstacles-problems, laziness or bad emotional state.
6. Our characteristics and personality traits are not significant
predictors of our behaviors and attitudes.
7. Everyone’s personality is unique, and knowing what makes us, us
can lead to more life satisfaction, better life choices and overall
success in both professional and personal spheres.
8. One’s personality is invisible, while one’s character is revealed over
time, through varying situations.
9. An individual who might have a shy personality can learn to switch
his attitude toward public speaking when stepping into the role of a
teacher.
10. Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics-
talent and experience accumulated in the process of our personal
development.

Key message
Knowing the kind of people you
want to be with not only defines
them- it likewise defines YOU.

What’s In
5
Self-Concept Inventory
Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-
concept inventory in your journal. Give yourself a rating using the scale:
0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3 =
strong; 4 = very strong

1. I have strong sex appeal.

2. I am proud of my physical figure.
3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
4. I exude with charm and poise.
5. I am easy to get along with.
6. I can adjust to different people and different situations.
7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and
comfortable with me.
8. I am lovable and easy to love.
9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one
instruction.
10. I am intelligent.
11. I have special talents and abilities.
12. I can easily analyze situations and make right
judgments.
13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
15. I have integrity and good reputation.
16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a
model worth emulating.
17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get
people to accept what I say.
19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
20. I am a good listener.
21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when
faced with trouble.
22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
23. I feel and act with confidence.
24. I am a mature person.

6
Scoring: Copy this table in your notebook. Write your score opposite
each number and get the subtotal.

Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence

1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 17 21
14 18 22
15 19 23
16 20 24
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:

How do you perceive

yourself?
Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the
following questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-
16 or somewhat weak (score of 10-13) and very weak (below
10).
2. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other
people consider as your strength? What are these?
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet other consider her very
charming. Or conversely, one can have the illusion of saying “I am
very intelligent or competent” when most of his ideas sound
unreasonable or illogical to most of the people. There is indeed a big
difference between what you see in yourself (real self-image) and
what is projected in the eyes of the others (your social image).
3. How realistic is your self- image?
4. To what extent does it reflect your real self?

7
 What’s New
A. Consider the following when you identify the characteristics of a person:

1. What personal qualities do you think are important in the following

types of people?

a. a close friend d. a grandparent

b. a wife/ a husband e. a colleague
c. a parent f. a boss

2. How would you describe your own personality?

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

What is it
Character and Personality Traits Defined
If you were asked to describe yourself, you may probably talk about your
physical characteristics, your interests, your hobbies, your skills or abilities,
or even your beliefs. Physical attributes such as height and skin
complexion, as well as psychological characteristics such as temperament,
may be inherited from your parents; some attributes and traits, however,
may be brought about by environmental factors. Some of your traits
may be similar to your other siblings or to some of your peers, but no two
individuals are exactly alike. Thus, you are unique, and that makes you
special.

We would all benefit from being more aware of our characteristics and
personality traits. That’s because they are significant predictors of our
behaviours and attitudes.

The world we live in is different from what it was ten, five, or even one year
ago. Thanks to social media, easy-to-use communication tools, and
globalization, the pool of possibilities and available information are
constantly expanding.

Without a clear idea of one’s own preferences, making the right choice can
be extremely difficult and confusing. Everyone’s personality is unique, and

8
knowing what makes us, us can lead to more life satisfaction, better life
choices, and overall success in both personal and professional spheres.

While character and personality are both used to describe someone’s

behaviors, the two examine different aspects of that individual. One’s
personality is more visible, while one’s character is revealed over time,
through varying situations.

In more concrete terms:

“Personality is easy to read, and we’re all experts at it. We judge people [as]
funny, silent, energetic, positive, confident—as well as overly serious, lazy,
negative, and shy—if not upon first meeting them, then shortly thereafter. And
though we may need more than one interaction to confirm the presence of
these sorts of traits, by the time we decide they are, in fact, present, we’ve
usually collected enough data to justify our conclusions.

“Character, on the other hand, takes far longer to puzzle out. It includes traits
that reveal themselves only in specific—and often uncommon—circumstances,
traits like honesty, virtue, and kindliness” (Lickerman, 2011).

While personality is easier to spot, it largely has a little change and is slow
to develop. Character, on the other hand, takes longer to discern but is
easier to change. That’s because character is shaped by beliefs, and with
enough effort and motivation, changing one’s perspective and view of the
world can lead to a shift in one’s character.

For instance, an individual who might have a shy personality can learn to
switch his attitude toward public speaking when stepping into the role of a
teacher. The new social and external demands lead to an internal shift that
changes his behavior toward others.

In this way, even if an individual’s inborn preference is to shy away from the
public, the beliefs and values that shape his behavior can evolve to reflect
the values of his immediate groups and communities. Such awareness and
adaptability help with survival (Kurtus, 2011).

The bottom line is, despite the significance of our inborn personality traits,
we can overcome them as required by personal or cultural demands.

Habits
Habits are behaviors we perform on a daily or otherwise regular basis.
They’re not just any behaviors, though. A behavior is a habit if some
component of it is at least somewhat “automatic.”

9
Some studies estimate that habits make up 40% of our everyday behavior.

With a habit, there’s some cue that triggers a behavior. For example, if you
eat at the same time every day, time is the trigger, eating is the behavior—
that’s a habit.

Habits are reinforced by rewards. Sometimes the rewards are easy to spot.
Take our eating example: the pleasure of eating food is the reward.

Sometimes the reward is not so easy to spot. If you’re in the habit of

checking your phone every time you’re bored, the reward is a bit more subtle
—and there’s a good chance it’s relief from the anxiety of your own
thoughts.

So, from above, we can say that a habit is formed when three things come
together:

CUE > BEHAVIOR > REWARD

The more often the cue, behavior, and reward occur in close time and
proximity to one another, the stronger a habit becomes.

This is true whether we’re aware of it or not. Hence, bad habits often can
easily form if we’re not careful.

Conversely, to create a new, healthy habit—or even to break a bad habit—

you’ll want to be as intentional as possible with all three parts. That is, you
can manipulate your environment to introduce cues (cues) that you can
then intentionally start to associate with a desired behavior and reinforce it
all with a predetermined reward.

Key message
The more often a cue, behaviour and a
reward occur in close time and proximity, the
more likely you are to form a habit for that
behaviour.

Personal Effectiveness
Every day we spend our time and energy on achieving our goals. But
even the same goal can be reached with different costs by different people. It
happens because we all have different personal effectiveness.

10
Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics – talent
and experience accumulated in the process of our personal development.

Talents first are needed to be identified and then developed to be used in a

particular subject area (science, literature, sports, politics, etc.).

Experience includes the knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process
of cognitive and practical activities. Knowledge is required for setting goals,
defining an action plan to achieve them, and risk assessment. Skills also
determine whether real actions are performed in accordance with the plan. If
the same ability is used many times in the same situation, then it becomes a
habit that runs automatically, subconsciously.

Here are some skills that will greatly increase your personal effectiveness:

1. Determination
It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without being
distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It may be
developed with the help of self-discipline exercise.

2. Self-confidence
It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of getting
aware of yourself, your actions, and their consequences. Self-confidence is
manifested in speech, appearance, dressing, gait, and physical condition. To
develop it, you need to learn yourself and your capabilities, gain a positive
attitude, and believe that by performing the right actions and achieving the
right goals you will certainly reach success.

3. Persistence
It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles –
problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs of
overcoming obstacles. It can also be developed with the help of self-
discipline exercise.

4. Managing stress
It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment and
other people. Stress arises from the uncertainty in an unknown situation
when a lack of information creates the risk of negative consequences of your
actions. It increases efficiency in the actively changing environment. It
requires problem-solving skills.

11
5. Problem-solving skills
They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of experience. It
increases efficiency by adopting new ways of achieving goals when obtaining
a new experience.

6. Creativity
It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no
one has tried to use. It can lead to a decrease or an increase in costs, but
usually, the speed of action is greatly increased when using creative tools. It
requires the ability to generate ideas.

7. Generating ideas
It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas. The
idea is a mental image of an object formed by the human mind, which can
be changed before being implemented in the real world. For generating ideas
you can use a method of mental maps, which allows you to materialize,
visualize, and scrutinize all your ideas, which in turn contributes to the
emergence of new ideas.

These are just some, but the most important personal effectiveness skills
which make the achievement of any goal easier and less costly.

What’s More
 Independent Activity 1

Look at these pairs of adjectives used to describe personal qualities. Which

pairs are positive, and which are negative in meaning? Write your answers
in your notebook.

1. sensitive and thoughtful

2. dishonest and unreliable
3. mean and tight-fisted
4. broad-minded and tolerant
5. thoughtless and self-centred
6. lively and inquisitive
7. shy and insecure
8. out-going and independent

12
PERSONAL TRAITS AND QUALITIES

Below is a list of traits and qualities. Some of them describe you as a

person. In your notebooks,
a) underline those that fit your personality and;
b) mark traits and qualities that you wish to improve with a + sign.

accountable enterprising questioning

accurate flexible quick
active forceful realistic
adaptable friendly reliable
adventurous generous responsive
ambitious gentle risk-taking
analytical happy self-controlled
artistic honest sensitive
brave humble service
oriented calm impulsive
silent committed
independent skeptical competitive
innovative spontaneous confident intense
straightforward consistent loyal
structured creative outgoing
supportive curious patient
sympathetic determined persistent
systematic dominant positive
tolerant eager practical
verbal energetic wise

Chose four traits you would like to improve or develop. How could you
improve them? For example: skeptical-Next time, I will convince myself to
listen to people with full trust.

1………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…

2………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

3………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

4………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

13
 What I Have Learned

I have learned that:

 character and personality are both used to describe

someone’s behaviour;
 without a clear idea of one’s own preferences, making
the right choice can be extremely difficult and
confusing;
 the more often a cue, behaviour and a reward occur in
close time and proximity, the more likely you are to
form a habit for that behaviour and;
 our personal effectiveness depends on our innate
characteristics.

What I Can Do
Do the following in your notebook.

How do you find this day? What are the positive things that happened?
What are those things that made you irritated or upset?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

As you close the day, what are the small and big things you are thankful of?
Who are the people that made your day extra special?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

14
 Assessment
A. Identification
Identify what is being referred to in each statement.
Give the correct answer.

Skills Determination
Creativity Managing Stress
Habits Self-confidence
Generating Ideas Personal Effectiveness
Problem-solving skills Experience
Knowledge Persistence

1. It means making use of all the personal resources like talents,

skills, energy and time, to enable you to achieve life goals.
2. This includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of
cognitive and practical activities.
3. It is required for setting goals, defining an action plan to achieve
them and risk assessment.
4. This will greatly increase the efficiency of any person who owns
them.
5. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment
and other people. Knowledge on this increases efficiency in the
actively changing environment.
6. To develop this, you need to learn yourself and your capabilities,
gain positive attitude and believe that by performing right actions
and achieving right goals you will certainly reach success.
7. With this skill, you can use a method of mental maps, which allows
you to materialize, visualize and scrutinize all your ideas, which in
turn contributes to the emergence of new ideas.
8. These skills help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of
experience. It increases efficiency by adopting new ways of
achieving goals when obtaining a new experience
9. It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles
– problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs
of overcoming obstacles. It can also be developed with the help of
self-discipline exercise.
10. It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without
being distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It
may be developed with the help of self-discipline exercise.
11. It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific
action that no one has tried to use.
12. These are behaviors you perform on a daily or otherwise regular
basis. They’re not just any behaviors, though. Their components are
somewhat automatic.

15
B. Reflection

Write your answers in your personal journal/notebook.

1. What have you discovered in yourself?

2. What are the qualities you want to hone and improve on?

16
Rubric
Exemplary Sufficient Minimal Beginning
4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Connection Student makes in-depth Student goes into some Student goes into little Student merely
to outside synthesis of thoughtfully detail explaining some detail explaining some Identifies
experiences selected aspects of specific ideas or issues specific ideas or issues some general
experiences related to from outside experiences from outside experiences ideas or issues from
the topic and related to the topic and related to the topic and m outside experiences
makes clear Makes very few connections related to the topic.
connections between general connections between what is learned
what is learned from between what is learned from outside experiences
outside experiences and from outside experiences and the topic.
the topic. and the topic.

RUBRIC FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK (REFLECTION PAPERS)

Exemplary Sufficient Minimal Beginning

4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Self- Student demonstrates Student demonstrates a Student demonstrates a Student demonstrates
disclosure / an in-depth reflection general reflection on, and minimal reflection on, and a lack of reflection on,
Depth of on, and personalization personalization of, the personalization of, the or personalization of,
reflection of the theories, theories, concepts, and/or theories, concepts, and/or the theories,
concepts, and/or strategies presented in strategies presented in concepts, and/or
strategies presented in the course materials. the course materials. strategies presented
the course materials. Viewpoints and Viewpoints and in the course
Viewpoints and interpretations are interpretations are materials. Viewpoints
interpretations are supported. Appropriate unsupported or supported and interpretations
insightful and well examples are provided with flawed arguments. are missing,
supported. Clear, from personal Examples are not inappropriate, and/or
detailed examples from experiences, as provided or are irrelevant unsupported.
personal experiences applicable. to the assignment. Examples are not
are provided, as provided.
applicable.
Connection Student makes in-depth Student goes into some Student goes into little Student merely
to outside synthesis of thoughtfully detail explaining some detail explaining some Identifies
experiences selected aspects of specific ideas or issues specific ideas or issues some general
experiences related to from outside experiences from outside experiences ideas or issues from
the topic and related to the topic and related to the topic and m outside experiences
makes clear makes very few connections related to the topic.
connections between general connections between what is learned
what is learned from between what is learned from outside experiences
outside experiences and from outside experiences and the topic.
the topic. and the topic.
Connection Student makes in-depth Student goes into more Student goes into little Student identifies
to readings synthesis of thoughtfully detail explaining some detail explaining some some general ideas
selected aspects of specific ideas or issues specific ideas or issues or issues from
readings related to the from readings related to from readings related to readings related to
topic and makes clear the topic and makes the topic and makes the topic. Readings
connections between general connections general connections are only those
what is learned from between what is learned between what is learned assigned for the topic.
readings and the topic. from readings and the from readings and the
Includes reference to at topic. Includes reference topic.
least two readings other to at least one reading
than those assigned for other than those assigned
class. for class.
Connection Student synthesizes, Student synthesizes Student attempts to Student has difficulty
to class analyzes and evaluates clearly some directly synthesize some directly restating some

17
discussions thoughtfully selected appropriate ideas or appropriate ideas or general ideas or
& unit aspects of ideas or issues from the class issues from the class issues from the class
objectives issues from the class discussion as they relate discussion as they relate discussion as they
discussion as they relate to this topic. to this topic. relate to this topic.
to this topic.
Adapted from: http://www.d.umn.edu/~balbert/humandiversity/grading_rubric.html

References
Book:
Barbara Wong-Fernandez et.al. Personal Development
Reader (Quezon City: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House Inc.,
2016) 4-5.

Photo:
Habits. Accessed June 9, 2020,
https://markmanson.net/success/habits

Online Sources:
Language Training. Accessed June 8, 2020,
https://www.languagetraining.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/confidence-and-personal-
development-copy-630x315.png

My Talents. Accessed June 8, 2020,

https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school
/teachers/teachingresources/careers/alexlesson1year
7.pdf

Personal Effectiveness. Accessed June 9, 2020

https://www.learning-mind.com/7-basic-personal-
effectiveness-skills/

Personal Qualities. Accessed June 10, 2020,

http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/pdf-
content/vocabulary-british-english/british-english-
personality-worksheet-1-and-teachers-notes-
1/147110.article

Personal Traits and Qualities. Accessed June 10, 2020,

https://www.kth.se/social/files/54b90f57f276545229
a46b6c/2+Personal+traits+and+qualities.pdf

Positive Psychology. Accessed June 9, 2020,

https://positivepsychology.com/character-traits/
Icons:

18
 Fully Editable Icons. Accessed June 6, 2020,
https://www.allppt.com

Prepared by:

Shane Jay G. Fabugais

19