PHYSICS FORMULA SHEET

CHAPTER#01
MEASUREMENTS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
L  (reading  Single L  (average  Several
absolute uncertainty) Measurement absolute uncertainty) Repeated
Measurement
xi Average Value x Percentage
xavg  error  100% Uncertainty
n x
xmax  xmin
x 
2
 ( a  b )  a  b If the data are to a.b If the data are to
be added or y be multiplied or
c
subtracted y a b c divided
  
y a b c

CHAPTER#02
MOTION AND FORCE
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
d Average Velocity F Acceleration
vav  a
t m
v
a
t
VF  Vi  at Equation of P  mv Momentum
1 Motion P  F  t
S  Vi t  at 2
2 m1v1  m2 v2
2aS  VF  Vi 2
2
m1v1  m2 v2  m1v1'  m2 v2'
P  2mE
2E
P
v
V  vx2  v y2 Projectile Motion vi2 sin 2 Projectile Motion
R
g
F  Fx2  Fy2
1
Vix  Vi cos  R tan   gt 2  4 H
2
P.E.  K .E.sin 2  P  Px2  Py2
Horizontal Distance
x  Vx  t Vix  Vi sin 
Vertical Distance PH  Pi cos 
1
Y  gt 2
2

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 Parabolic Projectile Vertical Projectile Motion
Motion Velocity v  2 gh
Height of a Projectile
Vi 2 sin 2  2h
h Time to fall t
2g g
Time of Flight u2
Maximum height h 
2V sin  2g
t i
g Time taken to read maximum
Range of a Projectile u
height t
V2 g
R  i sin 2 Distance Travelled Horizontally
g
2h
S u
g

TRICKS
EXPRESSION EXPRESSION EXPRESSION
When the distance is When x and y are two speeds at When Time and Distance both are
constant same distance covered not equal
2 xy x y T x  T2 x
Average Speed= Average Speed= Average Speed= 1
x y 2 T1  T2
If K.E increase, then If momentum increase, then
what is the momentum what is the K.E.
% in P = 1  k .E  1 % in K.E. = 1  % P  -1
2

CHAPTER#03
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
W  F .d  Fd cos  Work done by a Wtotal   i 1 Fi cos i di
n Work done by a
Constant Force Variable Force
  90 , Positive Work
o

  90o , Negative Work

  90o ,Work  0
WAB  mgh Work done by a W Power
gravitational Pav 
t
Force W
P  Limitt 0
t
W
P
t
P  Fv

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 1 2 Energy Loss in P.E.= Gain in K.E. Interconversion
K .E.  mv of K.E. and
2 1
mg (h1  h2 ) m(v22  v12 ) P.E.
P.E.  mgh 2
Loss in P.E.= Gain in K.E. +
Work done against friction
1 2
mgh  mv  fh
2

CHAPTER#04
CIRCULAR MOTION
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
S  r Angular Displacement  Angular Velocity
av 
1 rev=360 o
t
1 rad=57.3o 
  Lim
t 0 t
 Angular Acceleration mv 2 Centripetal Force
 av  Fc  mac 
t r
 Centripetal Acceleration
  Lim
t v2
t  0
ac 
r
GM Geostationary Orbits
v
r
1/3
 GMT 2 
r  2 
 4 
r  4.23 10 4 km

CHAPTER#05
OSSCILATIONS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
ur r
F r  k x Simple Harmonic x  xo sin wt SHM and Uniform
ur r Motion v  vo cos wt Circular Motion
F  ma
r k r v   xo2  x 2
a x
m a   2 x
Frequency Simple Pendulum
1 F   mg sin 
f 
T x gx
Angular Frequency   , a=-
l l
2
  2 f
T

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 g

l
l
T  2
g
1 2 Energy Conservation 1 2  x2  Energy Conservation
P.E.  kxo in SHM K .E .  kxo  1  2  in SHM
2 2  xo 
1
Total Energy  kxo2
2

CHAPTER#06
WAVES
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
 Transverse Y  y1  y2  .........  yn Principle of
v Periodic Waves Superposition
T Waves with Opposite Phase
v f Y  y1  y2
1 Stationary Waves 2l Stationary Waves
l in a Stretched n  in Air Columns
2 n
String nv
F fn 
v
m 2l
f n  nf1
1 F
f1  nv
2l m fn 
2  l 4l
Observer A moves towards source Doppler’s Effect
v
f2   v  uo 
l fA  f  
 v 
f n  nf1 Observer B receding from the source
2  v  uo 
2  l fB  f  
n  v 
Doppler Shift Doppler’s Effect Source moving with velocity towards Doppler’s Effect
u  stationary observer C away from D
   s   v 
 f  fC  f  
 v  us 
 v 
fD  f  
 v  us 

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 CHAPTER#07
LIGHT
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
d sin   m Young’s Double Slit d sin    Diffraction due to a
Experiment d sin   m narrow slit
 1
d sin    m   
 2 m=  (1,2,3,.....)
mth Fringe ab  d sin  Diffraction Grating
L ab  
ym
d d sin   n
(m+1) th Fringe
 1  L n  0  1  2  3 etc
y  m 
 2 d

CHAPTER#08
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
Nm Kinetic Theory of Gases Interpretation of Kinetic Theory of
PV   v2  Temperature Gases
3
Pressure of Gas PV  nRT
2N 1 2 PV  NkT
P  mv 
3V 2 R
k
NA
k  1.38 10 23 JK 1
2 1 2
T  mv 
3k 2
CHAPTER#09
ELECTROSTATICS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
qq Coulomb’s F Electric Field Intensity
F  K 1 22 Law E
r q
1 1 q
K E
4 o 4 o r 2
1 q1q2 1 q
F Emed 
4 o r 2 4 o r r 2
m v
r  E
o r
1 q1q2 
F E
4 o r r 2  o r
F q
Fmed  vac E
r A o

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 F1 r22 Q Capacitance of parallel
 C plate capacitor
F2 r12 V
A o
q2 Cvac 
F d
A o
A o r
q Cmed 
F d
o
C
 r  med
Cvac
1 Energy Stored W Electric Potential Difference
F qV in a Capacitor V 
2 qo
1 V  Ed
E  CV 2
2 q
CV 2 V k
F r
2d qd
v
q2 A o
F
2d
1  o r
E ( Ed 2 )
2 d
1 Electron Volt
ev  mv2
2
K.E  qV

CHAPTER#10
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
Q Electric Current 1 Drift Velocity
I Vd 
t neA
Q  ne 1
Vd 
ne RneA
I
r Heating Effect
H  t 2 RT
v
I H  Pt
2 r
I  nAeVd

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 Req  R1  R2  .... Series Combination 1 1 1 Parallel Combination
  
............  Rn Req R1 R2
Req  nR 1
............ 
Rx  Vt Rn
Vx 
Req R
Req 
n
1 1 1
   ..... Req  n 2 Req
Ps P1 P2
1 Pn  nP
...................  H p  nH
Pn
I  GV Ohm’s Law R1R2 For Parallel
Req  Combination of Two
I R1  R2
G Resistors
R R2
V  IR I1 
R1  R2
R When Resistor is cut
R'  R1
n2 into n-equal parts I2 
R1  R2

CHAPTER#11
ELECTROMAGNETISM
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
F  ILB sin  Force on a Current   B. A Magnetic Flux and
Carrying Conductor   BA cos  Flux Density
Fm
B
qv

B
A

T1 x  T2 x Ampere’s Law B  o nI Field due to a

Average Speed= Current Carrying
T1  T2 N
B  o I Solenoid
L
B  o r nI
  o r

Q  nALq Force on a Moving e V Determination of e

Charge in Magnetic 
I  nAqv m Br m
Field of an Electron
F  I ( L  B) P  mv  qBr
F  nAqv( L  B) eB
f 
F  qvB sin  2 m

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 E Determination of
e qB
V 
B m m
of an Electron
2ev 1
v ev  mv 2
m 2
P  2mE
1
E (qBr ) 2
2m
2mE
r
Be

CHAPTER#12
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
V    IR Induced Emf V Faradays’ Law
and Induced   N and Induced Emf
 Vt
I Current
R VB. A
  N
Peak to Peak Value Vt
Vp  p  2VP VBA sin 
  N
Vt
N   LI Self-Induction
F  qvB sin  Motional Emf I
L  L
E   vBl sin  t

W  q L Energy Stored V  Vo sin wt Alternating

I in an Inductor Current
V  Vo sin 2 ft
L  L and Voltage
t 2
1 V  Vo sin t
W  LI 2 T
2 I  I o sin 
   o nIA
I  I o sin wt
L   o n 2 Al
Vrms  0.7Vo
B   o nI
I rms  0.7 Io
1
U m  LI 2 Transformer
2 Vs N s

1 B2 Vp N p
Um  ( Al )
2 o Vp I p  Vs I s
2
1B Vs I p
um  
2 o Vp I s
Output Power
 100
Input Power

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 CHAPTER#13
PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
F Stress l Strain
  
A l
 Elastic V
E Constants Volumetric Strain 
 Vo
Unit is Nm2 or Pa a
  tan 
a
F/A Young’s F/A Shear Modulus
Y  K
l / l Modulus V / V
F/A Bulk Modulus 1 Strain Energy
G U Fi
tan  2
1
1 Strain Energy U  mgi
Uo    2
2 Density
1 2
1 2 U  kx
U o   2
2 1
U  l1  F1
2
1  EA  l12 
U  
2  L 

CHAPTER#14
ELECTRONICS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
Vo OP-AMP f out  2 f in Rectification
AoL 
V  V T
Tout 
R2 2
Inverting Amplifier=G=-
R1
R2
Non  Inverting Amplifier=G=1+
R1

IC Transistor as an
Current Gain= = Amplifier
IB
RC
Amplification  Factor  
rin
I E  IC  I B

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 CHAPTER#15
DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
to Time Dilation 2 Length
t v
l  lo 1  Contraction
v2 c2
1 2
c
Length mo Mass Variation
v2 m
l  lo 1  Contraction
c2 v2
1
c2
E  mc 2 Mass Energy max  T  const. Wein’s
Relationship Constant
K .E  (m  mo )c 2 k  2.9 103 mK
E
m  E Stefen’s
c2  Constant
T4
  5.67 108Wm2 K 4
E Planck’s E  hf Energy of
h Constant Photon
f hc
E
h  6.63  1034 Js 
E  pc
p2
E
2m
1 Photoelectric h Campton Effect
 Vo e  (1  cos  )
2
mvmax Effect
2 mo c
1 h
hf    mvmax 2

2  2.43 1012 m
mo c
hf e    0
hf e  
K .E max  hf  hf o
hf  2moc2  K.E.(e )  K.E.(e ) Pair Production

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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 CHAPTER#16
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
N  (A Z) Neutron B.E   mc 2 Binding Energy
Number
m  Zmp  ( A  Z )mn  mnucleus Mass defect A
Z X ZA42 Y 24 He α Decay

N    N t Half Life A
X ZA1 Y 01 e β Decay
Z
N
 N
t
T1/ 2  0.693
T  1
T1/ 2  0.693Tmean
1
Tmean 


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MDCAT PHYSICS FORMULAS BY: TALHA SYED NAQVI AND MUHAMMAD ZAIN