Na TONAL INSTITU 1 OF TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRA CENTRAL WORKSHOP ATTING FITTING stor THO OTT tng. is sa argy * related t0 assembly of parts, ar bringing the dimension ore the required size o, ee ner brgee eu Me form, in order to secure the necessary fit. T re cins .. fe the necessary fit. The oper: “Suatly carried out on a work ber ee the term also added withthe par : ‘a work bench, hence the te lame fitin The bench work an, ‘fitting plays an i t role in engineering. Although i f industries most of tng 9 aY® aN important role in engineering. Although in today's ations required bench work is he work is done by automatic machines which produces the jobs with good accurag, tions. The port Still t Gob) requires somé hand operations called fiting ration: Sedma: |? PerCon working inthe fitlng shop is called fitter CLASSIFICATION OF merat 1. FERROUS META, g toca. ™°Y be dafined a6 those metals whose main constituent is iron such as Pig ron. Wrought iron, cast iron, steel and their alloys. The principal raw materials for Bee ee Pe Pia iron, Ferrous matetias Is are usually stronger and harder. Ferrous materials possess a special prope ty that their characteristics can be altered by heat treatment processes, or by addition of small ‘quantity of alloying elements. Ferrous metals possess different physical properties according to their carbon Gontent 2.NON-FERROUS METALS a Non-ferrous metals are those which do not contain significant uantity-of iron or iron as base metal. These metals possess low strength at high temperatures and have more shrinkage than ferrous metals. They are ullized in industty due to following advantages: 1. High corrosion resistance 2, Eay to fabricate, i.e., machining, casting, welding, forging and rolling 3. Possess very good thermal and electrical conductivity 4. The various non-metals used in industry are: copper, aluminum, tin, lead, zinc, and nickel and their alloys. FITTING TOOLS: Fitting shop tools are classified as below: : 1, Measuring and Marking Tools 2. Cutting Tools 3, Work Holding Devices / Clamping Tools 4. Striking ToolsAngle:Plate : ‘ oo ; : “h- Serer : " : | if ‘Spinda i a ree Scriber and Surface Gauge (A) MEASL acSteel Ri ranging frc machined 2, Caliper Different t j, Outside ii, Inside ( iii. Spring lock any | iv. Herm other has 3. Scrib a steel r from the the lines surface wooder 5. Ang at righ means the nu ») & Ve ‘squar used 0.02 |NATIo; NAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG CENTRAL WorKSHOP FITTING sHop KURUKSHETRA i *- These arg Es fom ¢ 10 24m ne? UP OF Stainless steel and are available in many sizes machined true. The eg These are marked in inches or milimeters, All the faces are ees icere: The, ‘98 of Steel rule should be protected from rough handling a7 * are genérally used t Ben tyres arn é 1O measure the inside or outside diameters. ji, Inside Calipe Reoccig Carn Used to measure the inside dimensions i liper: Spi Ng is provided to apply th ne an lock any desired position ply the pressure and lock nut is provided to pet has a straight pointed end, itis used to scribe ines Parallel to the straight edges ite 079 Burtece Gauge: ah consints of a cast on basa on the center of which eet 01 Is fixed verticauy, Scriger is made up of high carbon steel and is hardened from the front edge. It is used for locating the centers of round bars or for marking of the lines. @ g/Surface Plate: - It is used for testing the flatness, trueness of the surfaces. It is made up of cast iron or graphite. Its upper face is planned to’ {orm a very smooth Surface. It is also used in scribing work: While not in use, it should be covered with a wooden cover. , 5. Angle Plat at right angles to each other and has various slots in each surface to hold the work by tis made up of cast iron in different sizes; it has two planed surfaces means of bolts and clamps. Never do hammering on the angle plate to fasten (lighten) the nuts and bo!ts. )) & Vernier Caliper: - It is used for measuring the outer dimensions of round, flat square components and also the inner size of the holes and bore. A narrow blade is used to measure the depth of bar slots etc. The reading accuracy in metric system is 0.02 mm and British system it is 0.001”. It is made of stainless steel.GY, KUN yNnoLoe RUKSHE 4 rte Or NO wks! TRa : Sno? National INST ' FITTING § 7 dimension) neasuring Ine! Stem (for meas: depths) Uring Jaws (for Ld Biel Vernier Main scale @ scale Jaws (for measuring outer dimension) e , (0) Contre Punch ine adj Main scale Fine adjustment screw Fine adjustment clamp, Slider Vernier scale Head Base ee Vernier Height Gaugeleast count of the Vernier Height gauge is 0.02mm, METHOD OF MARKING: Marking means setting out dimensions with the help of a working drawing or directly transferring them from a similar Part. The procedure of marking is*ds follows: 1 The surface to be marked is coated with the paste of chalk of'fed lead and allowed todry. 2. Then the work is held in a holding device depending upon shape and size. If it is flat, use surface plate, if it is round use V block and Clamp, else use angle plate etc. 3, Lines in horizontal direction are scribed by means of a surface gauge. Lines at right angles can be drawn by turning the work through 90 degree and then using the scriber. Iftrue surface is available, try square can also be used. 4. The centre on the end of a round bar can be located by using an odd leg caliper, Surface gauge etc. §. The circles and arcs on a flat surface are marked by means of a divider. 6. After the scribing work is over, indentations on the surface are made using dot punch and hammer.————_—_—_ OGY, ki ONAL INSTITUTE OF ES RKSHOP RUKSHey (ATH a IT! N CENTRA ING SHOP Ra Bae Be bolder 4 Adjustable HandhackSaw x Point Face Heel es Length (Swiss) | ———— Length (American): File Nomenclature Fa ky 6ee NATIO; N, ‘AL INSTITUTE OF 1 CENTRAL CHNOL T LOGy, FUrTiN QRKSHOD KURUKSHETRA CUTTING Too icksa’ ~ Hacks; ‘AW is used f e, Which i OF Cuttin Bade trom mild stee! F088, bars, Pipes, Bred with the help oF o tan The biade ig nie "Hts etc, consists of a speed'steel, s 92 FUL. The blag, ced inside the frame and is 'e is mad points of the teeth are bent ie Bae ene m It, Be rford cut | blades are Classified as: : i 8) Ba ing UPON the pitch of the teeth Pa Brecsined de: (Distance between the two consecutive teeth) | Coarse (8-14 teeth per Inch) ii) Medi Fine (24-32 teeth per Pi. (ii) Medium (16-20 teeth per inch) r ‘ =~ Files are multi poi it Points cutting tools, It is . : . used to remove the materi g it on the metals. Files are available in a number of siz oo coarseness. Classification of files i) On the basis of length 4”, 6”, 8”, 12” i) On the basis of grade: : ue ‘es, shapes and degree of gh (R) (20 teeth per inch) Bastard (8) (30 teeth per inch) d Cut (SC) (40 teeth per inch) Smooth File (S) (50 teeth per inch) ad smooth (DS) (100 teeth per inch) , Rough and bastard files are the big cut files. When the material removal is more, these are used. These files have bigger cut but the surface produced is rough. Dead soth and smooth files have smaller teeth and used for finishing work. Second cut file s degree of finish in between bastard and smooth file. On the basis of number of cuts: $s files, Double cut files, Rasp files. - SE sence the teeth are cut in parallel rows al an angle of 60 ae to the face. Another row of teeth is added in opposite direction in case of double cu femoval is more ih case of double cut files: files, Material< oe = % = CENTRAL WORKSHOP FITTING SHOP NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, kup, 2 4 D Ka CS eS © SSS — SS -E = Square Flat CE Mill PT Half Round UL Bre.‘aNd file % from 4° to 44s The ill file, "8. triangular, ro dth and thickne; , found Bac SS. The faces are douty O-thirds of the'te ( ra hand file the wi le Cut While ath and then i es Idth is constant ed in flat file. Both faces are 9€8 are single cut by Ut the thickness tapers as Ss and slots. gular file: It has round cross-secti ies si ‘section. It carries Single cut teeth all round its surface. It ally made tapered towards the tip and is fr il ae requently known as rat-tail file. Parallel Vi i ing slug diameter throughout the length are also available. The round iles are used for opening out holes, Producing round comers, rourttended slots etc. I | id file: Its cross-section is not a true half circle but is only about one-third of a . The width of the file is either parallel throughout or up to middle and then tapered wards the tip. The flat side of this file is always a double cut and curved side has gle cut. It is used for filing curved surfaces. Knife edge file: It has a width tapered like a knife blade and it is also tapered towards the fip and thickness. It carries double cut teeth on the two broad faces and single cut teeth on the edge. It is used for finishing sharp corners of grooves and slots Diamond file: Its cross-section is like a diamond. It is used for special work. Needle file; These are thin small files having a parallel tang and a thin, narrow and pointed blade made in different sha he work, These are available in sizes fro suts. These files are used for filing very thin and d pes of its cross-section to suit the particular need of m 100 mm to 200 mm of various shapes and lelicate work,© Handle Ora c MORTISING Crises ee urt cise Types of ChiselNATIONAL inst TE ORY SEN TRE TECHN CEN OLOGY, K = Mis rai ORKsHop | KURUKSHET RA Gard: - IS @ device fashioned ike NG SHOP teeth of @ fle. When particles of met + brass, tin py, yoraened steel SHOUIA never be useg Plate and so on, sharpened at the end. is of Filing qe following are.the two commonly used ‘ging method, a fine cut file with a flat face should = Sa is CHISEL , ‘Achisel is 2 tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chi ‘have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end, for zo em a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal. The keel blade 5; ai of chisel are made of metal or wood with a sharp edge in'it. There are different of chisels like Butt chisel, Carving chisels, Corner Chisel, Flooring chisel, Framing Mortise chisel > WORK HOLDING DEVICES / CLAMPING TOOLS: 4, WORK BENCH: - A fitting process can be done at various places, but most of the operations of fitting are generally carried out on a table called work bench. work bench is a strong, heavy and rigid table made up of hard wood. The size of ‘the work bench required is about 150 to 180 cm length, nearly 90 cm width and : _ spproximately 76 to 84 cm height.’ 2. V-BLOCK: - In V Block, V grooves are provided to hold the round objects ‘ongitudinally. The screw of the clamp applies the holding pressure When the handle is ‘(lated there is movement in the screw.recH HNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRy TE oT SHO! instit WORKS NATIONAL cen AG SHOP dle Square OF buttres, fives ow 3 Spin thread “ess vovatie 1 Replaci n Ceable Desig poo Ke ite handle Bright pase a) Sage ¢-Clamp 1. Fixed Jaw Neck em — | Dri Bit Nomenclature a(R ED Movable Jaw Tap Handle pp... B ene Flutes a4 + Cutting edge Body Clearance LanaNATIONAL INstiry UTE OF Te, CENTRAL Tet ICH VICE: - I c ys 3, BEN "is firmly fxaly! FING EKSHOp SURUKSHETRA sists Of @ Cast Tron body ang «.'° ‘Re beng” Cast jx, “Nch with, a * Two, {he help of nuts and bolts. it jaws. The Holding surface of the ; a W Plate; rae ; Plates are fited on both the yaw plates are Made Up of cary, 8 iS knury ON stegy Med in ord yy and the Second slide, and Fer 10 incr pod) SON a square thy aT Wear Fesistant. 0, ene rea, ne jaw is fixe is fixed to the i jaws are OPENET UP to requir, 'w wi he The ed length: jo) Nw f j s © help of a handle! Th fightened with the help of handle. hed, | 4.GLAMPS: - Once work piece ha 18 Weed to move ther ont” ine and fly surfaces and hold it there against tne net vecesnany erate) e force a, "Y 10 press it against locating (0) STRIKING TOOLS 4, HAMMERS ‘Hammer is 2 tool meant to deliver blows to an oy, - giving nails, fitting parts, and breaking up ae specific purpose, and vary widely in their shape i" indie and a head, with most of the Weight in the head A Tap is harden led steel tool used for i P i cutting internal a drilling 4 files Hand Tap is usually available in set of three for each andsthread pitch. Every set of Tap consists of a taper tap, intermediate tap g or bottom tap. * I & DIE HOLDER: - A Die is hardened steel tool used for cutting external threads made of solid or split type. The dies are holding in the die holder for making thread. BIT: -1Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to create holes, { always of circular cross-section. ,Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and ale different kinds of holes in many different materials. In order to create holes “ | machine, which powers them to cut through the is are usually attached to a dri