COMPUTER NETWORKS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CSE(Data Science)
by
V.ROOPA
20K91A6750
Under the guidance of
G UIDE N AME
DESIGNATION
DEPARTMENT OF CSE(DATA SCIENCE)
TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
(ACCREDITED BY NBA AND NAAC WITH ’A+’ GRADE)
Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar, Hyderabad-500097
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
I, Ms.Vatti.Roopa bearing Hall Ticket Number: 20K91A6750, hereby declare that the
mandatory course report titled COMPUTER NETWORKS under the guidance of
DR./MR./MS. GUIDE NAME, Designation in Department of CSE(Data Science) is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for mandatory course completion in
CSE(Data Science).
Signature of the Candidate
20K91A6750
Place: Meerpet
Date: 30/10/2023
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mandatory course report entitled COMPUTER NETWORKS,
being submitted by Ms.Vatti Roopa, bearing ROLL.NO:20K91A6750 in partial fulfillment
of requirements for course completion in CSE(Data Science) to the TKR College of
Engineering and Technology is a record of bonafide work carried out by him/her under my
guidance and supervision.
Name and Signature of the Guide Name and Signature of the
HoD Place: Meerpet
Date: 30/10/2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 TYPES OF NETWORKS 2
3 TYPES OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 4
4 NETWORK TOPOLOGY 6
5 CONCLUSION 8
LIST OF FIGURES
fig 1:AI in healthcare 3
fig 2:Role of AI in healthcare 3
fig 3: Patient monitoring 7
fig 4: Drug discovery 9
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: AI pluses and minuses 11
vi
ABSTRACT
Networking is referred as connecting computers electronically for the purpose of sharing
information. Resources such as files, applications, printers and software are common information
shared in a networking. The advantage of networking can be seen clearly in terms of security,
efficiency, manageability and cost effectiveness as it allows collaboration between users in a
wide range. Basically, network consists of hardware component such as computer, hubs,
switches, routers and other devices which form the network infrastructure. These are the devices
that play an important role in data transfer from one place to another using different technology
such as radio waves and wires.
There are many types of network available in the networking like the many of the
industries and the most common network are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area
Network (WAN).LAN network is made up of two or more computers connected together in a
short distance usually at home, office buildings or school. WAN is a network that covers wider
area than LAN and usually covers cities, countries and the whole world. Several major LAN can
be connect together to form a WAN. As several devices are connected to network, it is important
to ensure data collision does not happened when this devices attempt to use data channel
simultaneously.
Computer Networks have became essential tool in many aspects human communication
gathering, exchange and sharing of information, distributed work environments, access to remote
resources (data and computing power) and many more. Starting from an historical overview, this
paper will give an introduction to the underlying ideas and technologies. The second half will
concentrate on the most commonly used network technology today (Ethernet and TCP/IP) and
give an introduction to the communication used for different technologies for industries and
companies. .
vii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Motivation
Computer Network is a group of computers connected with each other through
wires, optical fibres or optical links so that various devices can interact with each other
through a network.The aim of the computer network is the sharing of resources among
various devices In the case of computer network technology, there are several types of
networks that vary from simple to complex level. Each of the past three centuries has
been dominated by a single technology. People were doing lot of paper work in
organizations because, lack of advance systems which will help them in their day today
work. The 18th century was the time of the great mechanical systems accompanying the
Industrial revolution. Computer industry has made spectacular progress in short time.
During the first two decades of their existence.
Computer systems were highly centralized, usually within the single large room.
A medium size company or university might have had one or two computers, white large
institutions had at most few dozen. The idea that within 20 years equally powerful
computers smaller than postage stamps would be mass produced by the millions was pure
science fiction. The merging of computers and communications has had a profound
influence on the way computer systems are organized. The old model of single computer
serving all of the organization computational need has been replaced by one which the-
large no of separate but interconnected computers do the fob.
These systems are called has computer network. A network is a group of two of
more computer systems sharing services and interacting in some manner. This interaction
is, accomplished through a shared communication link, with the shared components
being data. Put simply a network is a collection of machines have been linked both
physically and through software components to facilitate communication and the sharing
of information. A physical pathway known as transmission medium, connects the
systems and a set of rules determines how they communicate. These rules are known as
protocols. A network protocol is software installed on a machine that determines the
agreed –upon set of rules for two or more machine to communicate with each other.
One common metaphor used to describe different protocols is to compare them to
human languages. Think of a group of people in the same room who know nothing about
each other. In order for them to communicate, this group must determine what language
1
to speak, how to handle identifying each other, whether to make general announcements
or have private conversations and so on. Machines using different protocols installed
can't communicate with each other. Networks are widely used by companies or on
personal level also. Network for companies should provide high reliability, cost efficient,
and recourse sharing.
TYPES OF NETWORKS:
LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN):
A LAN is generally confined to a specific location, such as floor, building or
some other small area. By being confined it is possible in most cases to use only one
transmission medium (cabling). The technology is less expensive to implement than
WAN because you are keeping all of your expenses to a small area, and generally you
can obtain higher speed. They, are widely used to connect personal computers and
workstations in company offices and factories to share recourses. LANs often use a
transmission all the machines are attached with each other. Traditional LANs runs at
speed of 10 to 100 mbps have low delay and make very few errors. Never LANs may
operate at higher speed up to 100 megabytes/sec
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN):
Metropolitan Area Network is basically a bigger version of LAN and normally uses same
technology. It might cover a group of nearby corporate offices or a city and might be either
private or public. On other hand, MAN is network running through out a metropolitan are such
as a backbone for a phone service carrier. A MAN just has one or two cables and does not
contain switching elements.
2
3
4
Conclusion
In conclusion, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare represents a
transformative and promising paradigm shift for the industry. AI has the potential to
revolutionize patient care, diagnosis, and treatment, making healthcare more precise, efficient,
and patient-centered. Through AI-driven medical imaging, clinical decision support, and
natural language processing, the accuracy and speed of diagnostics have improved
significantly, leading to better patient outcomes.
The adoption of AI in healthcare operations, such as administrative tasks, telemedicine,
and remote monitoring, has streamlined workflows, extended the reach of healthcare services,
and reduced costs. However, it is imperative that ethical considerations, data privacy, and
robust regulatory frameworks accompany the continued integration of AI into healthcare to
ensure that patient safety and the quality of care remain paramount.
In this dynamic landscape, the collaboration between AI and healthcare professionals
represents a remarkable journey toward a more advanced, data-driven, and patient-centric
healthcare system.
The collaboration between AI systems and healthcare professionals will further refine the
practice of medicine, with a focus on achieving the best outcomes for patients. While
challenges such as data security and ethical concerns must be addressed, the promise of AI in
healthcare remains a beacon of hope, offering the potential to enhance health and well-being on
a global scale.
5
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