DP1 BioSL - Topic 2 - Revision
Worksheet [100 marks]
1. A DNA triplet on the strand that is transcribed has the bases TAG. Which [1 mark]
anticodon on tRNA is used in translation?
A. AUC
B. UAG
C. TAG
D. ATC
Markscheme
B
2. Cells were grown in heavy nitrogen (15N) for many generations and then [1 mark]
grown in light nitrogen (14N) for two rounds of DNA replication. Which
diagram shows the result of the centrifuged DNA?
Markscheme
D
3. Absorption spectra of two photosynthetic pigments are shown. [1 mark]
Phycoerythrin is a red pigment found in many marine red algae, while
chlorophyll a is the major pigment in green plants and algae.
What do the absorption spectra show about the pigments?
A. Phycoerythrin absorbs mostly red light.
B. Chlorophyll a reflects more green light than phycoerythrin.
C. Chlorophyll a photosynthesizes more at 550 nm than phycoerythrin.
D. Phycoerythrin does not absorb blue light.
Markscheme
B
4. What is the arrangement of subunits in a DNA nucleotide? [1 mark]
A. sugar – base – phosphate
B. sugar – phosphate – base
C. phosphate – sugar – base
D. sugar – phosphate – base – base – phosphate – sugar
Markscheme
C
5. The diagram shows the product of a polymerization reaction. [1 mark]
What is formed in this polymerization reaction?
A. A dipeptide formed by the hydrolysis of two nucleotides
B. A tripeptide formed by the hydrolysis of three amino acids
C. A dipeptide formed by the condensation of two amino acids
D. A tripeptide formed by the condensation of three amino acids
Markscheme
D
6. The diagram shows water molecules. [1 mark]
Which property of water is not illustrated?
A. Cohesion
B. Dipolarity
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Adhesion
Markscheme
D
7. The activity of amylase from two bacterial species and a fungus was [1 mark]
measured at different pH levels and constant temperature. The results
are shown in the graph.
[Source: Held, P., 2012. Enzymatic Digestion of Polysaccharides. Part II:
Optimization of Polymer Digestion and Glucose Production in Microplates.
Available at: https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/enzymatic-digestion-
of-polysaccharides-part-II-5994-3304EN-agilent.pdf.]
Which statement about the effect of pH on amylase can be concluded?
A. A. oryzae amylase has the highest optimum pH.
B. A change in pH affects amylase most in B. licheniformis.
C. The optimum pH is 6 in B. subtilis.
D. Amylase activity at pH 8 is the lowest in B. licheniformis.
Markscheme
C
8. What is the minimum number of nucleotides needed to code for a [1 mark]
polypeptide composed of 210 amino acids?
A. 70
B. 210
C. 420
D. 630
Markscheme
D
9. The graph shows the changes in lactate measured in an athlete’s blood [1 mark]
during exercise.
Which hypothesis provides the most likely explanation for the curve?
A. As exercise intensity increases, lactate is converted back to glucose.
B. Anaerobic exercise results in high levels of lactate.
C. Lactate provides energy for intense exercise.
D. Under anaerobic conditions the body produces less lactate.
Markscheme
B
10. The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant varies [1 mark]
with CO2 concentration at two different light intensities. The temperature
is kept constant at 20 °C.
What is the limiting factor at X?
A. Chlorophyll
B. Light intensity
C. Temperature
D. CO2 concentration
Markscheme
B
11. What are linked by hydrogen bonds? [1 mark]
A. Hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule
B. Phosphate and sugar within a DNA molecule
C. Base and sugar between DNA nucleotides
D. Hydrogen and oxygen in different water molecules
Markscheme
D
12. Which reaction occurs when a dipeptide is formed from amino acids? [1 mark]
A. Hydrolysis
B. Condensation
C. Transcription
D. Oxidation
Markscheme
B
13. The graph shows enzyme activity plotted against temperature. [1 mark]
What is the reason for the drop in enzyme activity above 40 °C?
A. A decrease in the enzyme concentration
B. Reaction is saturated because active sites are occupied
C. Insufficient activation energy for the reaction to proceed
D. Changes to the conformation of the enzyme
Markscheme
D
14. A molecule of DNA is found to contain 200 guanine bases, representing [1 mark]
25 % of the total number of bases. How many phosphate groups does this
molecule of DNA contain?
A. 50
B. 200
C. 800
D. 1000
Markscheme
C
15. Cell metabolism involves anabolic and catabolic reactions. Which process [1 mark]
directly involves anabolism?
A. Active transport of ions
B. Release of energy from glucose
C. Production of intracellular enzymes
D. Breakdown of worn-out cell organelles by lysosomes
Markscheme
C
16. Which curve shows the concentration of product during the course of an [1 mark]
enzyme-catalysed reaction?
Markscheme
A
17. What is a function of the enzyme helicase? [1 mark]
A. It coils DNA up into a double helical shape.
B. It links DNA nucleotides in a new DNA strand.
C. It breaks hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands.
D. It forms temporary hydrogen bonds to produce messenger RNA.
Markscheme
C
18. The apparatus shown was used to investigate the effect of varying carbon [1 mark]
dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide
concentrations were varied by adding different amounts of sodium hydrogen
carbonate (NaHCO3) to water.
What is the dependent variable in this investigation?
A. Temperature
B. Light intensity
C. Amount of NaHCO3 added
D. Volume of oxygen produced
Markscheme
D
19. Lipids are more efficient energy stores than carbohydrates. What is a [1 mark]
reason for this?
A. Lipids are bigger molecules than carbohydrates.
B. Lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrates.
C. Lipids can be more easily mobilized than carbohydrates when needed.
D. Lipids can be used in aerobic and anaerobic respiration when needed.
Markscheme
B
20. People who suffer from night blindness cannot see well at night because [1 mark]
their retinal cells produce an abnormal form of a protein pigment. Which
protein is this?
A. Fibrin
B. Myosin
C. Rhodopsin
D. Immunoglobulin
Markscheme
C
21. What is the correct arrangement for the components of one strand in a [1 mark]
DNA molecule?
Markscheme
C
22. The data shows part of the genetic code for mRNA. Which anticodon could[1 mark]
be found on a tRNA molecule bonded to lysine?
A. AAG
B. UUC
C. TTT
D. GAA
Markscheme
B
23. A respirometer is used to measure the oxygen consumption of [1 mark]
germinating seeds. The distance that the oil drop moves is measured at 15-
minute intervals.
[Source: © The Royal Society of Biology.]
What is the function of chemical X?
A. Absorbs carbon dioxide so the oxygen released by the seeds can be measured
B. Absorbs carbon dioxide so the oxygen absorbed by the seeds can be measured
C. Absorbs oxygen so the carbon dioxide released by the seeds can be measured
D. Absorbs oxygen so the carbon dioxide absorbed by the seeds can be measured
Markscheme
B
24. Testosterone is a hormone that is important for male reproductive [1 mark]
development.
To which group of compounds does testosterone belong?
A. Nucleotides
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Amino acids
Markscheme
C
25. What is the benefit to living organisms that water has a high specific heat [1 mark]
capacity?
A. Heat can be lost from the skin when sweat evaporates.
B. Aquatic environments do not have a great fluctuation in their temperature.
C. The amount of heat stored by water is highly predictable.
D. It allows water to be a solvent for chemical reactions at body temperature.
Markscheme
B
26. What prevents plants from converting carbon dioxide into glucose in the [1 mark]
dark?
A. They do not have a source of energy.
B. It is too cold.
C. They do not require glucose during the night.
D. Their enzymes are inhibited.
Markscheme
A
27. Lactose can be removed from milk by passing the milk through a column [1 mark]
of alginate beads to which immobilized lactase is bound. What is an
advantage of immobilizing the enzyme?
A. It creates more active sites.
B. The alginate beads act as a coenzyme.
C. It lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
D. It allows the product to be separated easily from the enzyme.
Markscheme
D
28. Which molecule is depicted in the diagram? [1 mark]
A. A saturated fatty acid
B. An unsaturated fatty acid
C. A trans fat
D. A vegetable oil
Markscheme
A
29. What is a difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic [1 mark]
respiration in yeast?
A. Anaerobic respiration requires enzymes, aerobic respiration does not.
B. Anaerobic respiration requires glucose, aerobic respiration does not.
C. Anaerobic respiration produces ethanol, aerobic respiration does not.
D. Anaerobic respiration does not produce oxygen, aerobic respiration does.
Markscheme
C
30. What is the term for the attraction of water molecules to other water [1 mark]
molecules?
A. Surface tension
B. Capillary action
C. Cohesion
D. Adhesion
Markscheme
C
The biodiversity of insects worldwide is in decline. Destruction of habitats,
pollution and climate change have contributed to the decline in global insect
populations and to the extinction of insect species. A comprehensive literature
review was carried out to determine the annual global rate of decline in insect
species. The graph shows the results for three major orders of terrestrial insects
and the total decline in insect biomass worldwide.
31a. State the mean annual decline in insect biomass. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2.5 %;
% required
31b. Compare and contrast the results for Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. both show a decline in number;
b. the mean decline for Hymenoptera is less than the mean for Lepidoptera
OR
there is a wider range of decline among the species of Lepidoptera;
31c. Calculate the number of Coleoptera species that would be expected to [1 mark]
exist after one year from a starting number of 400 000 species, assuming
the mean rate of decline.
Markscheme
392 000 (species);
One species of the order Hymenoptera is the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus
terrestris), which feeds on pollen and nectar obtained from specific plants.
Destruction of preferred habitats has affected the size of bumblebee populations
and for survival, bumblebees have to feed on pollen from other available plant
habitats. To simulate different pollens, researchers fed bumblebees on eight diets
consisting of a mixture of proteins and lipids in different ratios (P:L). The
bumblebees also had access to sucrose. There was no restriction on the amount of
each food the bumblebees could consume. The chart shows the mean daily mass
of food eaten for eight diets with different P:L ratios.
[Source: Buhl, V., 2010. Bombus terrestris. [image online] Available at:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010-04-
28_(35)_Erdhummel,_Buff-tailed_bumblebee,_Bombus_terrestris.jpg [Accessed 6
December 2021].
[chart] Adapted from Vaudo, A.D., Stabler, D., Patch, H.M., Tooker, J.F., Grozinger,
C.M and Wright, G.A., 2016.
Bumble bees regulate their intake of essential protein and lipid pollen
macronutrients. Journal of Experimental
Biology 219, pp. 3962–3970.]
31d. Identify in how many of the diets sucrose was the greatest mass of food [1 mark]
consumed.
Markscheme
5;
31e. Compare and contrast the results for the 1:1 and the 1:10 P:L diets. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. in both a greater mass of sucrose was eaten (than of the P:L mixture)
OR
the total mass eaten by both groups is the same/very similar;
b. the mass of sucrose eaten in the 1:10 mixture diet is greater than in the 1:1
diet
OR
the mass of the P:L mixture eaten in the 1:10 is less than in the 1:1;
Accept vice versa for all answers.
31f. Calculate the mass of lipid eaten when the bumblebees were presented [1 mark]
with the 5:1 diet.
Markscheme
0.025g;
Unit needed
31g. Suggest a reason that the mass of protein and lipid mixture eaten at [1 mark]
25:1 is lower than at 50:1.
Markscheme
a. the mixture was closer to what the bees ate naturally;
b. the bees like the taste better/prefer sucrose;
c. there was more lipid in the 25:1 mixture so they achieved their daily
lipid/energy requirement with less mass of food;
d. the bees eating 50:1 diet ate more to reach their daily lipid requirement;
e. prefer the higher proportion of protein (in the 50:1)
The graph shows the percentage of bumblebees that survived each day while
being fed on different P:L diets. For each trial, n = 15.
[Source: adapted from Vaudo, A.D., Stabler, D., Patch, H.M., Tooker, J.F.,
Grozinger, C.M and Wright, G.A., 2016. Bumble bees
regulate their intake of essential protein and lipid pollen macronutrients. Journal of
Experimental Biology 219, pp. 3962–3970.]
31h. State the relationship between high lipid content and survivability on day[1 mark]
7.
Markscheme
the higher the lipid content, the fewer bees survived/negative correlation;
31i. Suggest with a reason which P:L diet is closest to the normal diet of these [1 mark]
bumblebees.
Markscheme
10:1 diet as this has the highest survival rate (after 7 days);
Reason must be given.
31j. Discuss whether these studies show that habitat destruction can affect [2 marks]
global bumblebee numbers.
Markscheme
a. habitat destruction removes the plants/flowers/natural food source of the
bees;
b. bees have to look for other food sources;
c. many of these alternative sources of food are not suitable for bee survival
OR
pollen with a different proportion of protein to lipid would reduce survival;
d. no control where bees are fed their normal diet is included;
e. simulation is not using natural pollen / habitat;
OR
sample size is too small to make conclusions;
Accept other reasonable discussion using the data.
The image shows a phospholipid bilayer that is a component of the cell
membrane.
[Source: Boundless Learning. Course Hero. Phospholipids. [diagram online]
Available at:
https://www.coursehero.com/study-guides/introchem/phospholipids/ [Accessed 1
November 2021].]
32a. Annotate the diagram to illustrate the amphipathic nature of [2 marks]
phospholipids.
Markscheme
a. line to circle labelled phosphate (head) and (tail) labelled fatty
acid/hydrocarbon/lipid (tail);
b. label hydrophilic/polar/attracted to water/ and hydrophobic/non polar/not
attracted to water;
32b. Outline a function of cholesterol in cell membranes. [1 mark]
Markscheme
reduces fluidity of membrane / reduces permeability of membrane (to some
molecules);
Accept ‘controls’ or ‘maintains ‘ as a BOD.
32c. Describe two pieces of evidence that show that eukaryotic cells [2 marks]
originated by endosymbiosis.
Markscheme
a. mitochondria/chloroplasts have their own DNA;
b. mitochondria can self-replicate/undergo a process like binary fission;
c. mitochondria/chloroplasts have double membranes;
d. mitochondria/chloroplasts have(70s) ribosomes;
e. mitochondria/chloroplasts are sensitive to antibiotics;
f. similar in size to bacteria
The diagram shows the molecular structure of the amino acid leucine.
33a. Draw a circle on the diagram to enclose the carboxyl group. [1 mark]
Markscheme
No mark if C1 in chain is included.
33b. State one protein that acts as a hormone. [1 mark]
Markscheme
insulin/glucagon/ADH/oxytocin/leptin / other verified example;
33c. Explain how enzymes are used in the preparation of milk suitable for [2 marks]
individuals who are lactose intolerant.
Markscheme
a. the enzyme lactase acts on lactose;
b. the enzymes are immobilised / are bound to alginate beads;
c. (pouring milk over the immobilised enzymes) causes lactose to be
hydrolysed/broken down into monosaccharides/glucose and galactose;
Some product must be stated in mpc.
The diagrams represent the structure of a protein before and after it has become
denatured.
[Source: Dean Williams, L., 2019. Molecular Interactions. [online] Available at:
https://ww2.chemistry.gatech.edu/~lw26/
structure/molecular_interactions/mol_int.html [Accessed 20 August 2019].]
34a. State how many different types of amino acid there are, which can [1 mark]
become part of a polypeptide when mRNA is translated.
Markscheme
20;
34b. Outline one cause of denaturation in proteins. [1 mark]
Markscheme
a. increase in temperature/heat;
b. change of pH;
c. salt;
d. heavy metals;
34c. Explain how denaturation affects the activity of an enzyme. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. changes the shape of the (active site) of the enzyme;
b. substrate would be unable to attach to the enzyme/active site;
c. slows the enzyme activity / prevents reaction/catalysis from proceeding;
35a. Describe anaerobic respiration in humans and in yeast. [3 marks]
Markscheme
a. (in both) anaerobic respiration gives a small amount of ATP/2 ATP/energy
from glucose;
b. anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen;
c. anaerobic respiration in yeast produces ethanol and carbon
dioxide/alcoholic fermentation;
d. anaerobic respiration in humans (in muscle) produces lactate/lactic
acid/lactic acid fermentation;
e. both undergo glycolysis;
Do not accept mpd if CO2 also included.
Methane can be the product of anaerobic respiration in some organisms.
35b. Distinguish between the thermal properties of water and methane. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. water has higher boiling/melting point;
b. water has a higher specific heat capacity;
c. water has a higher latent heat of vaporization;
d. differences due to water having many H-bonds/polarity between the
molecules while methane has no H-bonds/polarity;
35c. Explain the role of methane in climate change. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. methane is a greenhouse gas
OR
methane causes an increase in temperature of the atmosphere;
b. methane is one of the most powerful greenhouse gases / more powerful
than CO2;
c. methane has a relatively short lifespan compared to CO 2/decomposes to
CO2;
Other verifiable sources.
Enzyme activity is affected by temperature and pH.
36a. Explain the decrease in activity of the enzyme on either side of the [2 marks]
optimum temperature.
Markscheme
a. as temperature rises/is higher (than optimal temperature), the enzyme is
denatured;
b. as the temperature drops the enzyme molecules have less kinetic energy
OR
fewer successful collisions;
OWTTE
36b. In biotechnology, enzymes are used to transfer genes to bacteria. [2 marks]
Outline how two specific enzymes are used for the transfer.
Markscheme
a. restriction enzymes/(restriction) endonucleases cut the gene and the
bacterial/plasmid/vector DNA in the same/specific restriction sites
OR
(restriction) endonucleases work by targeting a specific sequence of base
pairs in DNA causing both strands of the DNA to break apart;
b. (DNA) ligase attaches/inserts the gene to the bacterial/plasmid/vector DNA
OR
(DNA) ligase joins the vector and gene by fusing their sugar-phosphate
backbones together (with a covalent phosphodiester bond);
c. correct reference to reverse transcriptase;
Accept correct mention of reverse transcriptase.
37a. The figure shows a tripeptide. [1 mark]
Label one peptide bond in this molecule.
Markscheme
circle/bracket around peptide bond / arrow pointing to peptide bond / peptide
bond labelled;
Allow either peptide bond
Allow if adjacent C=O and NH groups are included in the circle/bracket, but do
not allow if other parts of the molecule are included
37b. Outline the specific functions of three named proteins. [3 marks]
Markscheme
a. Rubisco fixes CO 2 from atmosphere during photosynthesis;
b. insulin controls blood glucose levels;
c. collagen forms connective tissue/ligaments;
d. spider silk forms the spider web;
e. rhodopsin involved in photoreceptor;
f. immunoglobulins/antibodies attach to antigens/pathogens;
g. actin/myosin performs muscle contraction;
h. hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells;
Accept any other correct three named proteins
If an enzyme is named, the correct substrate must be stated
37c. Outline the action taken by the diaphragm during inhalation. [1 mark]
Markscheme
contracts/flattens/becomes less domed/increases volume of thorax;
38a. Compare and contrast the mode of nutrition of detritivores and [2 marks]
saprotrophs.
Markscheme
Accept not autotrophic/not photosynthetic instead of heterotrophic.
Do not accept that both groups are decomposers or consumers for the
similarity.
38b. The image shows an example of a soil food web. [1 mark]
[Source: Anon., n.d. The Soil Food Web. [image online] Available at:
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
photogallery/soils/health/biology/gallery/?cid=1788&position=Promo [Accessed 11
March 2020].]
Draw a food chain from this food web, showing at least three organisms.
Markscheme
food chain of three or more organisms starting with plants;
38c. Explain the reasons for food chains rarely containing more than four or [3 marks]
five trophic levels.
Markscheme
a. energy is lost between the trophic levels;
b. transfer between levels is only usually 10% efficient
OR
energy transformations take place in living organisms / the process is never
100% efficient;
c. energy is lost by the organism/used in respiration / released as
heat/movement;
d. energy is lost as waste/feces/urine/undigested food/uneaten parts;
e. as energy is lost between trophic levels and so (higher ones) have less
biomass / less biomass available for next level;
38d. The amount of food passing into food chains can be affected by the rate[3 marks]
of photosynthesis. Explain the effect of one limiting factor on
photosynthesis.
Markscheme
a. the rate of reaction will be limited by the limiting factor that is nearest to its
minimum value;
temperature:
b. enzymes that control photosynthesis are influenced by temperature;
c. as temperature increases, reaction rate will increase;
d. above a certain temperature, the rate of photosynthesis will decrease;
e. (where temperature is limiting) essential enzymes begin to denature/not
working to optimum;
light intensity:
f. light is source of energy / converted into chemical energy;
g. as light intensity increases reaction rate will increase;
h. at a certain light intensity, rate of photosynthesis will plateau;
i. another factor becomes limiting;
CO2 concentration:
j. CO 2 is fixed to form organic molecules;
k. as CO2 concentration increases, reaction rate will increase;
l. at a certain concentration of CO2, rate of photosynthesis will plateau;
m. another factor becomes limiting;
Accept answers using an annotated graph to explain
Only accept the first factor described
Do not accept pH as a limiting factor
38e. All of the leaves in the image are from Solanum, a wild genus of tomato. [1 mark]
[Source: Courtesy: National Science Foundation, Credit Leonie Moyle.]
State one cause of variation in a plant such as the tomato.
Markscheme
a. mutations;
b. meiosis/crossing over/random assortment of homologous pairs;
c. sexual reproduction/recombination/random fertilisation;
39a. This micrograph shows a transverse section of an artery. [3 marks]
[Source: OpenStax College, 2013. Comparison of artery and vein. [image online]
Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2102_Comparison_of_Artery_and_Vein.jpg Attribution
3.0 Unported
(CC BY 3.0) https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 11
March 2020].]
Explain how the specialized structures of arteries help them to achieve their
functions.
Markscheme
a. arteries carry blood at high pressure;
b. rupture of arteries is prevented by thick muscular/elastic walls;
c. narrow lumen to maintain a high blood pressure;
d. elastic tissue allows artery to stretch and recoil (to even out pressures);
e. arteries have muscle layers which contract to increase/control the blood
flow;
f. folding in the endothelium allows stretching
OR
smooth endothelium reduces friction;
39b. State one process that produces ATP. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(cell) respiration/photosynthesis;
39c. Outline the use of ATP. [1 mark]
Markscheme
source of energy (for use in the cell)
OR
example of use of ATP
OR
when ATP is converted to ADP + Pi (is hydrolyzed) the energy stored in the
phosphate bond is released to be used by the cell;
39d. State one function of epinephrine in the human body. [1 mark]
Markscheme
increases heart rate
OR
prepares the body for action;
The diagram shows some of the metabolic processes taking place in a plant cell.
40a. Identify the process Y and state the name of the organelle where it takes [1 mark]
place in a plant cell.
Process Y:
Name of the organelle:
Markscheme
process Y: photosynthesis ✔
organelle: chloroplast ✔
Both needed.
40b. Identify the molecule Z. [1 mark]
Markscheme
glycerol /glycerin ✔
40c. State the type of reaction which converts excess monosaccharides to [1 mark]
polysaccharides.
Markscheme
condensation/dehydration/synthesis/anabolic/anabolism ✔
40d. The process X uses oxygen and produces ATP. Identify the process X. [1 mark]
Markscheme
aerobic respiration ✔
40e. Outline the uses of ATP in plant cells. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. used as an energy source ✔
b. supplies/releases energy for biochemical reactions ✔
c. photosynthesis/active transport/other verifiable example of reaction or
process ✔
40f. With reference to the diagram, identify one example of catabolism. [1 mark]
Markscheme
a. (letter X) breakdown of monosaccharides/respiration ✔
b. (letter Y) hydrolysis/photolysis in photosynthesis/oxidation of water ✔
Answer must come from the diagram.
The image represents the structure of the enzyme Rubisco from common pea
(Pisum sativum).
41a. State one function of Rubisco. [1 mark]
Markscheme
a. enzyme involved in photosynthesis/carbon fixation/Calvin cycle
OR
speeds up chemical reactions in photosynthesis ✔
b. carboxylation of RuBP ✔
c. production of carbohydrate in photosynthesis ✔
d. addition of carbon dioxide to form glucose (in Calvin cycle) ✔
Either photosynthesis or carbon fixation must be mentioned.
41b. State a role of the active site of an enzyme. [1 mark]
Markscheme
site to which substrate binds
OR
catalytic site ✔
Give credit for the lock and key analogy.
41c. State the genus of the plant where this Rubisco is found. [1 mark]
Markscheme
Pisum ✔
41d. Outline one factor that could affect the activity of Rubisco. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a. name of factor ✔
b. how it affects rate of reaction ✔
Example answer:
temperature ✔
as the temperature increases the rate of reaction increases until it reaches a
maximum and then decreases rapidly ✔
Accept answers in a graph .
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